scholarly journals REPRODUÇÃO DE PEIXES DE RIACHO: ESTADO DA ARTE, MÉTODOS E PERSPECTIVAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 323-343
Author(s):  
Érica Pellegrini Caramaschi ◽  
◽  
Marcelo Fulgêncio Guedes Brito ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life History Traits ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Stream Fish ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Fish Reproduction ◽  
Mode Of Reproduction ◽  
Sexual Dimorphisms ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Basic Studies ◽  
Reproductive Events

Stream fish reproduction is still poorly studied in natural environments, especially in the Neotropical region. In this chapter, we recollect some characteristics of fish reproduction and some questions to guide current research, as: Does sexual dimorphism occur in the species? Which is the mode of reproduction? When and where does the species reproduce? Which environmental factors trigger reproductive events? When does the reproductive life begin? Which is the fecundity? Most of these questions can be answered when we have many specimens available, captured at different periods of the year, measured, weighed and dissected following appropriate protocols. Obtained data represent life history traits that allow to categorize the species in reproductive styles related to parental care and to determine their accordance to models of reproductive strategy associated with the predictability of environmental conditions. We highlight some aspects to be considered in current and future field and lab procedures, such as the recognition of sexual dimorphisms, the importance of naturalistic observation and lab procedures. We draw attention to the advances in studies on reproductive modalities in fish groups well represented in streams, such as inseminating characiforms and viviparous cyprinodontiforms. Finally, we highlight gaps, urgencies, and current perspectives for studies on the reproduction of stream fish, with emphasis on the need for basic studies of species biology, on the importance for building theoretical references and for the conservation of stream habitats in all Brazilian biomes.

scholarly journals Decline in the frequency and benefits of multiple brooding in great tits as a consequence of a changing environment

2009 ◽  
Vol 276 (1663) ◽  
pp. 1845-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arild Husby ◽  
Loeske E.B. Kruuk ◽  
Marcel E. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Life History Traits ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Double Brooding ◽  
First Clutch ◽  
Second Clutch ◽  
Reproductive Events

For multiple-brooded species, the number of reproductive events per year is a major determinant of an individual's fitness. Where multiple brooding is facultative, its occurrence is likely to change with environmental conditions, and, as a consequence, the current rates of environmental change could have substantial impacts on breeding patterns. Here we examine temporal population-level trends in the proportion of female great tits ( Parus major ) producing two clutches per year (‘double brooding’) in four long-term study populations in The Netherlands, and show that the proportion of females that double brood has declined in all populations, with the strongest decline taking place in the last 30 years of the study. For one of the populations, for which we have data on caterpillar abundance, we show that the probability that a female produces a second clutch was related to the timing of her first clutch relative to the peak in caterpillar abundance, and that the probability of double brooding declined over the study period. We further show that the number of recruits from the second clutch decreased significantly over the period 1973–2004 in all populations. Our results indicate that adjustment to changing climatic conditions may involve shifts in life-history traits other than simply the timing of breeding.

Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I in tetranychid mites: a comparison between molecular phylogeny and changes of morphological and life history traits

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Navajas ◽  
Jean Gutierrez ◽  
Jacques Lagnel ◽  
Pierre Boursot
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Codon Position ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Mode Of Reproduction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase

AbstractSpider mites, Tetranychidae, represent one of the most cosmopolitan and economically important groups of terrestrial arthropods; however, many aspects of their evolutionary relationships remain uncertain. We sequenced part of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in 20 species of phytophagous mites belonging to nine genera and two families (Tetranychidae and Tenuipalpidae), including several agricultural pests. As eported in insects, the sequences were extremely rich in A + T (75% on average), especially in the third codon position (95%). However, one of the genera we studied had a significantly lower A + T content (69% on average, 78% in the third codon position), showing that base composition can change substantially over short periods of time. Most interspecific differences were transversions and their number increased steadily with the number of non-synonymous differences, while the number of transitions remained constant. The phylogeny based on COI sequences was inferred using the maximum likelihood method. The results are compatible as a whole with the traditional classification based on morphological characters, but call for some minor taxonomic revisions. Some morphological characters and life history traits (mode of reproduction, adaptation to the host plant) were also analysed within this phylogenetic framework. At the family level, one can see a trend towards thelytoky becoming rarer compared to the general mode of reproduction of the group, arrhenotoky. There is also an evolutionary tendency towards a more complex mode of life, with the production of silk webs and correlated changes of the locomotion apparatus. However, in the Tetranychidae there seems to have been convergent evolution of these morphological characters together with independent development of a common adaptation to this mode of life in different genera.

Geographical variations in adult body size and reproductive life history traits in an invasive anuran, Discoglossus pictus

Zoology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neus Oromi ◽  
Eudald Pujol-Buxó ◽  
Olatz San Sebastián ◽  
Gustavo A. Llorente ◽  
Mohamed Aït Hammou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Adult Body Size ◽  
Discoglossus Pictus ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Reproductive Life History

scholarly journals Poaching in non–volant mammals in the Neotropical region: the importance of a metric to assess its impacts

2019 ◽  
pp. 203-211
Author(s):  
A. C. Ferreguetti ◽  
C. F. Duarte Rocha ◽  
H. Godoy Bergallo
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Hunting Activity ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Natural Reserves

Much of the information on the hunting of mammals in natural environments is not performed in a standard way and is usually dispersed by different areas or regions that have different environmental structures. This limitation prevents the detection of trends and patterns such as which biomes are under more pressure and what are the rates and level of impact. We aimed to review the scientific literature on poaching of non–volant mammals to evaluate the impact at different study sites in the Neotropical region. We found that in more than half of these studies (66/112, 59 %), the main objectives were related to characterizing hunting activity while the potential impact of the hunting was not assessed. Evaluating the poaching through a metric assessment using qualitative and quantitative variables was the main objective in only 58 articles. We classified the hunting events as subsistence in most cases (46/58, 79 %), as illegal in a few case (12/58, 21 %) and as legal in one study only (1/58, 2 %). Based on this extensive review of scientific literature, we propose a metric assessment that can be performed in natural reserves and can lead to extensive monitoring on mammal populations through training on how to gauge this geo–referenced data.

scholarly journals Perceived Risk of Predation Affects Reproductive Life-History Traits in Gambusia holbrooki, but Not in Heterandria formosa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e88832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shomen Mukherjee ◽  
Michael R. Heithaus ◽  
Joel C. Trexler ◽  
Jayanti Ray-Mukherjee ◽  
Jeremy Vaudo
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Gambusia Holbrooki ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Heterandria Formosa ◽  
Reproductive Life History

scholarly journals The population determines whether and how life-history traits vary between reproductive events in an insect with maternal care

Oecologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Ratz ◽  
Jos Kramer ◽  
Michel Veuille ◽  
Joël Meunier
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Reproductive Events

scholarly journals Life in the Slow Lane: Reproductive Life History of the White-Browed Scrubwren, an Australian Endemic

The Auk ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Magrath ◽  
Ashley W. Leedman ◽  
Janet L. Gardner ◽  
Anthony Giannasca ◽  
Anjeli C. Nathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Breeding Biology ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Successful Attempt ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Small Clutch

Abstract An understanding of geographic and phylogenetic variation in passerine life histories is hampered by the scarcity of studies from the Southern Hemisphere. We documented the breeding biology of the White-browed Scrubwren (Sericornis frontalis), an Australia endemic in the Pardalotidae (parvorder Corvida). Like other members of the Pardalotidae, scrubwrens had a long laying interval (two days), a long incubation period (declining from 21 to 17 days through the season), and a long period of postfledging parental care (6 to 7 weeks). Scrubwrens appeared to be typical of the Australian Corvida in having a small clutch size (three eggs) and a long breeding season (5.4 months), and they also had a long interval between breeding attempts (10 days after a failed attempt, 21 days after a successful attempt). Scrubwrens were multibrooded, often raising two broods successfully and occasionally raising three broods. The breeding biology of scrubwrens adds further support to claims of a distinct life-history strategy for members of the Corvida but also reinforces evidence that some “Corvida” life-history traits more specifically are those of the Pardalotidae.

Society for Reproductive Biology Founders' Lecture 2006 Life in the pouch: womb with a view

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn B. Renfree
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Embryonic Diapause ◽  
Seasonal Breeding ◽  
Mode Of Reproduction ◽  
Genomic Biology ◽  
Marsupial Species ◽  
Reproductive Events

Marsupials give birth to an undeveloped altricial young after a relatively short gestation period, but have a long and sophisticated lactation with the young usually developing in a pouch. Their viviparous mode of reproduction trades placentation for lactation, exchanging the umbilical cord for the teat. The special adaptations that marsupials have developed provide us with unique insights into the evolution of all mammalian reproduction. Marsupials hold many mammalian reproductive ‘records’, for example they have the shortest known gestation but the longest embryonic diapause, the smallest neonate but the longest sperm. They have contributed to our knowledge of many mammalian reproductive events including embryonic diapause and development, birth behaviour, sex determination, sexual differentiation, lactation and seasonal breeding. Because marsupials have been genetically isolated from eutherian mammals for over 125 million years, sequencing of the genome of two marsupial species has made comparative genomic biology an exciting and important new area of investigation. This review will show how the study of marsupials has widened our understanding of mammalian reproduction and development, highlighting some mechanisms that are so fundamental that they are shared by all today’s marsupial and eutherian mammals.

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