Risk Factors for Scrub Typhus, Murine Typhus, and Spotted Fever Seropositivity in Urban Areas, Rural Plains, and Peri-Forest Hill Villages in South India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for the rising burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in developing region. It has also been recognized as one of the major public health problems in the developing countries since the early seventies and the rate is increasing not only in urban areas but in rural areas with low socio-economic condition. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Jogidaha Village Development Comittee(VDC) and Triyuga Municipality of Udaypur district of South-Eastern Nepal. A total of 430 participants of age 18-59 years were selected. Semi-structured questionnaire (WHO NCD STEPS instrument) was used to collect information on demographic variables and associated risk factors with use of show cards. Clinical and anthropometric measurement were done. Primary outcome was prevalence of hypertension. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed to show strength of association among various risk factors with hypertension. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 25.1%. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be 49.8%. Hypertension was significantly associated with age (AOR=1.09, CI=1.05-1.10) and gender (male >female; AOR= 2.12,CI =1.22-3.68). Similarly, increased waist-hip ratio(7.12; CI 2.87-17.67),alcohol consumption(OR=2.82,CI=1.77-4.52), and use of tobacco products (OR =1.8,CI=1.02-3.20) showed significant association with hypertension. Conclusion: There is high prevalence of hypertension in rural districts of South-Eastern Nepal. A community-based preventive approach with early detection and treatment and life-style modification is needed to reduce the burden of disease and make sustainable changes.

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Risk Factors For Development Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease In A Cross-Sectional Study From South India

10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a6024 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Johanna Feary ◽

John Henderson ◽

Amy Taylor ◽

Sanjay Kinra ◽

Shah Ebrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

South India ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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Prevalence and Risk Factors for OSA among Urban and Rural Subjects in Bengaluru District, South India: A Cross-sectional Study

Indian Journal of Sleep Medicine ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 5-9

Author(s):

Uma Devaraj ◽

Uma Maheswari Krishnaswamy ◽

Priya Ramachandran ◽

Sujana Balla ◽

Ashna M Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

South India ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Cognitive impairment in a primary healthcare population: a cross-sectional study on the island of Crete, Greece

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035551 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. e035551

Author(s):

Antonios Konstantinos Bertsias ◽

Ioanna Tsiligianni ◽

Sophia Papadakis ◽

Ioannis Zaganas ◽

George Duijker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Primary Healthcare ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sleep Complaints

ObjectivesCognitive impairment is known to have a significant impact on the quality of life of individuals and their caregivers, yet it is often underdiagnosed. The objective of this study is to assess the extent of cognitive impairment among elders visiting primary healthcare (PHC) practice settings, to explore associated risk factors and discuss current care challenges for PHC providers.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2013 and May 2014.SettingFourteen PHC units located in rural and urban areas of the Heraklion district in Crete, Greece.ParticipantsConsecutive visitors aged at least 60 years attending selected PHC practices.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to indicate cognitive status. Associations of low MMSE scores (≤23/24, adjusted for education level) with 12 socio-demographic factors, comorbidities and lifestyle factors were assessed.ResultsA total of 3140 PHC patients met inclusion criteria (43.2% male; mean age 73.7±7.8 years). The average MMSE score was 26.0±3.8; 26.7±3.5 in male and 25.4±3.9 in female participants (p<0.0001). Low MMSE scores were detected in 20.2% of participants; 25.9% for females vs 12.8% for males; p<0.0001. Female gender (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.72; 95% CI 2.31 to 3.47), age (AOR=1.11; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.13), having received only primary or no formal education (AOR=2.87; 95% CI 2.26 to 3.65), alcohol intake (AOR=1.19; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.37), reporting one or more sleep complaints (AOR 1.63; 95% CI 1.14 to 2.32), dyslipidaemia (AOR=0.80; 95% CI 0.65 to 0.98) and history of depression (AOR=1.90; 95% CI 1.43 to 2.52) were associated with low MMSE scores.ConclusionsThis study identified a relatively high prevalence of low MMSE scores among persons attending PHC practices in a southern European community setting and associations with several known risk factors.

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