Case Report: Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis due to Acanthamoeba spp. in an Immunocompetent Pediatric Patient

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denisse Vaquera Aparicio ◽  
José Iván Castillo Bejarano ◽  
Abiel Mascareñas de los Santos ◽  
Sergio Ramírez-Cortinas ◽  
Manuel de la O Cavazos
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
Postmortem Diagnosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Amebic Encephalitis

Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) caused by Acanthamoeba is a rare infection with central nervous system (CNS) involvement usually with fatal consequences. Currently, information regarding GAE in children is scarce and is limited only to case reports and case series. A 13-year-old immunocompetent male patient with a 6-month history of progressive and intermittent headaches presented to our institution. One week before hospital admission, the patient showed signs of CNS involvement. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple lesions with supra- and infratentorial cerebral abscesses. An empiric treatment with combined antibiotics was given, but the patient died after 20 days of hospital stay. A postmortem diagnosis confirmed GAE. Although it is a rare disease in pediatric patients, GAE should be considered in children with a chronic history of fever, headache, and vomiting with CNS involvement.

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the evaluation of Vasculopathy in the Morning Glory Anomaly.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
gordon heller
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Morning Glory Anomaly is rare but its fundoscopic findings are well documented in the ophthalmologic literature. It is sporadic, without sexual predisposition and usually unilateral. Furthermore, it is associated with numerous central nervous system anomalies, including vasculopathy of the central nervous system. This case series reports four pediatric patients over a three year period in which ophthalmologic evaluation identified Morning Glory Anomaly. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) were subsequently obtained to assess for associated intracranial vascular anomalies. This report is of significance as it demonstrates the spectrum of intracranial vasculopathy in this rare entity.

scholarly journals It’s Even Here! Two Rare Cases of Pyriformis Myocysticercus

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (203) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Mahesh Prakash ◽  
Pankaj Gupta ◽  
Ajay Gulati ◽  
Niranjan Khandelwal
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Larval Form ◽  
Keywords Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Dramatic Form

Cysticercus, the larval form of Taenia Solium, a tapeworm, can infest various tissues in the human body. Though central nervous system involvement is the most dramatic form of infestation, several other uncommon sites of has been reported in the literature. One such involvement is that of the musculature. The most easily recalled manifestation of myocysticercus is that in the orbit where the patients present with painful proptosis. However, other less common muscular sites of involvement are documented in case reports. To the best of our knowledge, there are no documented cases of pyriformis muscle infestation with cysticercus. We came across two interesting cases, where imaging established the diagnosis of isolated pyriformis cysticercosis. Follow up after one month of anti-elminthic treatment imaging revealed disappearance of the lesions. Keywords: magnetic resonance imaging,myocysticercosis; pyriformis; ultrasound. | PubMed

scholarly journals A systematic review of the use of magnetic resonance imaging in non-conditional pacemakers and implantable defibrillators

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Murphy ◽  
R K Kerley ◽  
P K Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Mri Conditional

Abstract Background Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) were long considered a contraindication for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Modern devices are now MRI conditional, but still the majority of CIEDs in the population are legacy devices and are classified as unsafe for MRI. There is growing consensus that MRI is also safe in these patients. Purpose The purpose of this study was to perform an up to date systematic review of the evidence evaluating the use of MRI in patients with non-conditional CIEDs. Methods Searches of the PubMed, CINAHL and Embase databases were performed. Studies that assessed the rate of adverse outcomes after MRI in patients with non-conditional CIEDs were included. Studies were excluded if they did not disclose the conditionality of patients CIEDs. Case reports or case series were not included. Results 36 cohort studies were identified. No patient in these studies died during or immediately after MRI. Symptom associated with either torque or heating occurred in <1% of patients. Electrical resets occurred 1–2% of patients. There were no cases of non-conditional lead or generator failure. Inappropriate pacing occurred in <1% of patients. No ICD shocks occurred during MRI. Changes in CIED parameters occurred in 1–4% of patients. Conclusions This systematic review highlights the relative safety of the use of MRI in patients with non-conditional CIEDs. Demonstrated be the fact that no deaths or device shocks have been suffered as a consequence of MRI in any of these studies, and the extremely low incidence of device or lead related complications. Still strict selection and monitoring protocol should be used when imaging these patients. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

scholarly journals Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies: Magnetic resonance imaging findings in a case series and a literature review

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cellina Michaela ◽  
Fetoni Vincenza ◽  
Ciocca Matteo ◽  
Pirovano Marta ◽  
Oliva Giancarlo
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein is a protein exclusively expressed on the surface of oligodendrocytes and myelin in the central nervous system. Antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein were initially detected in children with demyelinating syndromes, and more recently reported in a broad spectrum of central nervous system demyelinating diseases in adults, including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and bilateral optic neuritis. Patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated demyelination appear to have unique clinical and radiological features. To the best of our knowledge a series of Italian patients with optic neuritis and positivity to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies has not yet been reported and the paper on myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies are more focused on clinical features, diagnosis and outcome than on the radiological appearance, so we want to retrospectively report magnetic resonance imaging features of a group of eight patients, who came to our Ophthalmologic Emergency Department for optic neuritis and were found seropositive for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies, comparing our data with the findings described in the literature.

scholarly journals A Middle Cuneiform Stress Fracture in an Adolescent Athlete: A Case Report and Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117954411987871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Krebs ◽  
James Borchers
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Stress Fracture ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Adolescent Athlete

A 13-year-old female soccer and basketball athlete presented with pain in the arch of her foot. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of a middle cuneiform stress fracture. The patient’s stress fracture healed nonoperatively over a 10-week period complicated by nonadherence to a fracture boot, after which she was progressed back to full activity. Knowledge of these fractures and their treatment are important for sports medicine physicians, as they can often be overlooked, given their infrequent occurrence. There have been 8 previous case reports and 1 case series on cuneiform stress fractures, and these are summarized with this case report.

scholarly journals Coccydynia relieved by a tarsal tunnel block: a case series

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjid Hammodi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Myelin Sheath ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Tarsal Tunnel ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background This case series describes, for the first time, to the author’s knowledge, a novel treatment for coccydynia. Tarsal tunnel block with lignocaine only brought relief of chronic coccydynia lasting more than 6 months in three patients. The author adopts the theory that the myelin sheath of the posterior tibial nerve will convey the lipid-soluble lignocaine upward toward the dorsal root ganglia and the nerve roots of the lumbar spine through the uninterrupted myelin sheath, which is itself mainly formed of lipids. The author thinks that most coccyx pain is actually a radiating pain from the lumbar spine, which is not always apparent on magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine. Certainly, the author acknowledges that large-scale studies need to be done to prove the efficacy of this new technique and to prove that the myelin sheath can convey the lignocaine chemical upward. Case presentation Three Arab patients presented with chronic coccydynia of more than 6 months’ duration in whom conservative management had failed to control their symptoms. They had no past medical history of significance and no history of trauma. The results of physical examination of all of the patients were normal apart from tenderness on palpation of the coccyx. They all received local coccyx injection with steroids on two occasions, which failed to relieve their pain. One patient underwent manipulation under anesthesia, and one underwent coccygectomy with no pain relief. Magnetic resonance imaging results were reported to be normal in two of them, whereas the other one had a prolapsed disc at the L4/L5 level. The three patients described pain relief 30 minutes after tarsal tunnel block with lignocaine only lasting more than 6 months. All patients had heel anesthesia 15 minutes after the tarsal tunnel injection, which lasted only 1 hour. Conclusions Tarsal tunnel block with lignocaine can relieve coccyx pain for a long time. Tarsal tunnel block can be done to achieve heel anesthesia before injection of lignocaine into the plantar fascia in patients with plantar fasciitis.

Jugular Bulb Anomalies Involving the Internal Auditory Canal: A Case Series

2021 ◽  
pp. 000348942199015
Author(s):  
Tiffany P. Hwa ◽  
Qasim Husain ◽  
Jason A. Brant ◽  
Anil K. Lalwani
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Internal Auditory Canal ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Jugular Bulb ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
History Of

Objective: Jugular bulb abnormalities (JBA) such as high riding jugular bulb and jugular bulb diverticulum can extend or erode into the middle and inner ear. In this report, we report on a series of 6 patients with jugular bulb anomalies involving the internal auditory canal (IAC). Methods: A retrospective case series. Results: Six females, ages 6 to 63 presenting with myriad of otologic symptoms including hearing loss, tinnitus, balance disturbance, fullness, and otalgia were discovered to have JB eroding into IAC. Computerized tomography, but not Magnetic Resonance Imaging, was able to identify IAC erosion by a significantly enlarged JB. Conclusion: A significantly enlarged JB eroding into the IAC maybe congenital or acquired. It can present with a variety of common otologic symptoms. Long term follow-up is needed to determine the natural history of JB anomalies involving the IAC and need for intervention.

scholarly journals Relevance and Clinical Significance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Neurological Manifestations in COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Anisa Chowdhary ◽  
Roshan Subedi ◽  
Medha Tandon ◽  
Sijin Wen ◽  
Jenil Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings

We performed a systematic literature review of neuroimaging, predominantly focusing on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings associated with neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). We screened articles from PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus, looking for reports that would potentially have neuroimaging findings in patients with COVID-19. Data analysis was performed with patient-based data based on the availability of clinical characteristics and outcomes for each individual patient from the studies. Chi square and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to report COVID-19 severity and outcomes based on neurological imaging indicators and pathophysiology. A total of 171 patients with COVID-19 having neurological complications, from 134 studies, were identified in our review. The most common neuroimaging finding was ischemic stroke (62, 36.2%) cases, followed by CNS inflammatory disorder (44, 25.7%), and hemorrhagic stroke (41, 24.0%). Around 51% of all the fatal COVID-19 cases had an ischemic stroke. Among patients with ischemic stroke, the mean age of those who suffered from COVID-19 infection was 57.5 years (SD = 15.4) whereas it was 50.7 years (SD = 15.1) among those without stroke/other diagnosis. Fatality was more common in patients with ischemic stroke compared to those with other diagnosis (40% vs. 22%, p = 0.011). The most frequently published neuroimaging findings in patients with COVID-19 were ischemic stroke, CNS inflammatory disorder, and hemorrhagic disorder. In those studies, ischemic stroke was associated with fatality, and was more frequently seen in older patients. Based on our findings, early usage of MRI in COVID-19 patients may be recommended.

Neuroimaging in Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 171-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Longoni ◽  
Brenda Banwell
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
Disease Spectrum

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging plays an essential role in the diagnosis and management of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disorders. This article reviews the key clinical and conventional neuroimaging characteristics of the most frequent entities of the demyelinating disease spectrum, with a goal to inform and guide decisions in the clinical practice. We focus on acquired demyelinating syndromes and their differential diagnoses including mimics such as systemic inflammatory disorders with secondary CNS involvement. In the vast majority of disorders, no specific biomarker of disease is known and the final diagnosis is based on recognizable syndromic characteristics. Therefore, familiarity with the related neuroimaging patterns can improve a timely diagnosis of pediatric autoimmune diseases and prompt targeted therapeutic approach.

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