Creating a Smoke-Free Hospital: Attitudes and Smoking Behaviors of Nurses and Physicians

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances A. Stillman ◽  
Donald A. Hantula ◽  
Robert Swank
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Smoking Policy ◽  
Smoke Free Policy ◽  
Smoking Behaviors ◽  
Nurses And Physicians ◽  
Free Environment

Purpose. To assess smoking prevalence and attitudes of physicians and nurses before a smoking ban. The relationship between pre-ban attitudes and post-ban smoking behavior was also studied. Design. This is a prospective descriptive study of a cohort of nurses and physicians who were surveyed six months before and six months after a ban on smoking was implemented. Setting. A large, 1,000-bed teaching hospital in the Northeast of the United States. Subjects. All full-time members of the medical (n=1,496) and nursing staff (n=1,500) were surveyed. The overall response rate for the cohort was 41 % for physicians and 39% for nurses. Measures. Surveys included standardized questions on current smoking behavior, and sociodemographic variables. Attitudes toward quitting and the smoking policy and attitudes about implementation and enforcement of the smoking ban were included. Results. Both physicians and nurses were supportive of a smoke-free policy, but the two groups differed significantly on attitudes related to implementation and enforcement, with nurses being more accommodating toward smoking and less likely to enforce a ban on smoking. Physicians were more likely than nurses to quit smoking after implementation of the ban. Pre-ban attitudes were not predictive of post-ban changes in smoking behavior. Conclusions. Physicians and nurses agreed with establishing a smoke-free environment but disagreed over the efforts needed to maintain the smoke-free environment. Quitting behavior was not influenced by pre-ban attitudes.

Evaluation of the 1990 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Smoke-Free Policy

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 456-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth L. Emont ◽  
S. Christine Zahniser ◽  
Stephen E. Marcus ◽  
Anne E. Trontell ◽  
Sherry Mills ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Smoke Free Policy ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

Purpose. To determine the prevalence of tobacco use among Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) employees and the effect of the smoke-free policy on smoking behavior and air quality at work. Design. A stratified telephone survey of 1181 CDC/ATSDR employees randomly selected from employee rosters. Setting. CDC/ATSDR work sites in Atlanta, Georgia, and other major CDC locations throughout the United States and Puerto Rico. Subjects. Randomly selected employees of CDC/ATSDR1, or about 22% of the total CDC/ATSDR population; 98% of eligible persons selected agreed to participate. Measures. Demographic and smoking history variables, attitudes toward and impact of the smoke-free policy on smoking behavior, and self-report changes in air quality were the measures used. Results. Overall cigarette smoking prevalence was only 11.1%. One percent reported using chewing tobacco, 1.1% reported smoking a pipe, and 1.4% reported smoking cigars. Average self-reported, daily cigarette comsumption significantly decreased after the smoking ban took effect. Overall, 90 % of the employees supported the smoke-free policy, and 80 % of the employees believed that smokers were complying with the smoke-free policy. Most employees believed that the air quality of work areas and nonwork areas (65% and 69%, respectively) had improved since the smoke-free policy was implemented. Conclusions. These findings are consistent with previous evaluations of smoke-free policies and suggest that most employees are generally supportive of workplace smoking restrictions. Such policies can also have a positive impact on smoking behavior and perceived air quality.

scholarly journals SMOKING BEHAVIORS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE SMOKE-FREE CAMPUS POLICY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-135
Author(s):  
Shazwani Mohmad ◽  
Aniza Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Campus Policy ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
Smoking Behaviors

We conducted this systematic review to document the published literature related to smoking behaviors and attitudes towards the smoke-free campus policy. Studies on universities that had implemented the smoke-free campus policy were included in this review. The search for published articles from January 2010 to December 2020 involved three main electronic databases: Ovid MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. We searched the databases with the following Boolean string: [(smoke-free OR tobacco-free) AND (campus OR university OR college) AND (knowledge* OR attitude* OR practice*)]. Seventeen studies were included in this review. The majority (n = 8) were from the United States, followed by Saudi Arabia (n = 2) and one each from Israel, Lebanon, Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, Spain, and China. Eight studies reported a positive impact of the policy on smoking behavior (plan to quit smoking, attempt to quit smoking, reduce smoking). However, 11 studies reported that respondents were still exposed to second-hand smoke and that cigarette butts were still scattered around the university area. Nine studies reported negative attitudes towards smoking, and seven of 12 studies reported positive attitudes towards the policy. Overall, the smoke-free campus policy had mixed impacts. Nevertheless, we found that attitude towards a smoke-free campus and smoking behavior has a good impact.

The Relations of School Staff Smokers' Attitudes about Modeling Smoking Behavior in Students and Their Receptivity to No-Smoking Policy

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisha R. Galaif ◽  
Steve Sussman ◽  
Nancy Bundek
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
School Staff ◽  
Smoking Policy ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Smoking Behaviors

This study examined school personnel smokers' reports regarding how they would feel if a no-smoking ban was instituted on school premises. Demographics, smoking history, interest in quitting, and perception of school staff as role models for student smoking behaviors were examined as concurrent predictors of personnel attitudes toward a school-wide no-smoking policy. Generally, the fifty-nine respondents, sampled from fourteen schools, were interested in quitting smoking, but they did not favor a policy prohibiting smoking on campus. A staff role model index was a significant predictor of support for a no-smoking policy; the stronger the belief that staff influence their students' smoking, the greater the desire for a smoking ban at school. Compliance by school staff to future regulations that schools become smokefree environments may be improved if staff believe or are taught that they can directly affect students' smoking behaviors.

Smoking-Free Policies and Smoking Behaviors among Historically Black Colleges and Universities Students in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-199
Author(s):  
Elijah Martin ◽  
Lea Jacobson ◽  
Gopal Singh ◽  
Payam Sheikhatari ◽  
Mehrete Girmay
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Historically Black ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Black Colleges ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Historically Black Colleges ◽  
Smoke Free Policy ◽  
Smoking Behaviors ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Black Colleges And Universities

Background: There is limited research on the impacts of smoke-free policies on students’ attitudes and smoking behaviors at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) in the United States. This study examined African American students’ attitudes toward differential smoke-free campus policies and their smoking behavior at two HBCUs in the Mid-Atlantic region. Methods: In this original study, 202 African American undergraduate and graduate students enrolled at two urban HBCUs participated and completed the online and in-person surveys conducted between October and December 2019. Descriptive statistics (Chi-square χ2 and t-statistics) and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine differences in smoking attitudes and behaviors by smoking-free policies. Results: One of the two surveyed HBCUs supported a comprehensive smoke-free policy (CSFP), which prohibits any tobacco use, including smoking, anywhere on campus at any time. The other HBCU followed a regular smoke-free policy (RSFP), which limits smoking to certain designated areas. The majority of students at the two schools reported that the smoke-free policy had not affected their smoking behavior. The multivariable analysis did not indicate a statistically significant association between students’ attitudes toward smoke-free policies and their smoking behavior. Furthermore, the difference in smoking prevalence between the two schools was not statistically significant by policy type. Conclusions and Implications for Translation: Smoke-free polices have the potential to educate about smoking and impact attitudes toward smoking. Implementing and enforcing a comprehensive or regular smoke-free policy is an essential initiative to ensure a healthy learning environment for students. Understanding the context-specific factors that contribute to smoking behaviors among African American students provides additional important insights into developing programs for students at HBCUs. Key words: • Comprehensive or Regular Smoke-Free Policy • Health Equity • Health Disparities • Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) • Tobacco Control • Student   Copyright © 2020 Martin, Jr. et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

scholarly journals The Potential of Smartphone Apps in Informing Protobacco and Antitobacco Messaging Efforts Among Underserved Communities: Longitudinal Observational Study

10.2196/17451 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. e17451
Author(s):  
Edmund WJ Lee ◽  
Mesfin Awoke Bekalu ◽  
Rachel McCloud ◽  
Donna Vallone ◽  
Monisha Arya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Underserved Communities ◽  
Tobacco Marketing ◽  
Health Apps ◽  
Smoking Behaviors

Background People from underserved communities such as those from lower socioeconomic positions or racial and ethnic minority groups are often disproportionately targeted by the tobacco industry, through the relatively high levels of tobacco retail outlets (TROs) located in their neighborhood or protobacco marketing and promotional strategies. It is difficult to capture the smoking behaviors of individuals in actual locations as well as the extent of exposure to tobacco promotional efforts. With the high ownership of smartphones in the United States—when used alongside data sources on TRO locations—apps could potentially improve tobacco control efforts. Health apps could be used to assess individual-level exposure to tobacco marketing, particularly in relation to the locations of TROs as well as locations where they were most likely to smoke. To date, it remains unclear how health apps could be used practically by health promotion organizations to better reach underserved communities in their tobacco control efforts. Objective This study aimed to demonstrate how smartphone apps could augment existing data on locations of TROs within underserved communities in Massachusetts and Texas to help inform tobacco control efforts. Methods Data for this study were collected from 2 sources: (1) geolocations of TROs from the North American Industry Classification System 2016 and (2) 95 participants (aged 18 to 34 years) from underserved communities who resided in Massachusetts and Texas and took part in an 8-week study using location tracking on their smartphones. We analyzed the data using spatial autocorrelation, optimized hot spot analysis, and fitted power-law distribution to identify the TROs that attracted the most human traffic using mobility data. Results Participants reported encountering protobacco messages mostly from store signs and displays and antitobacco messages predominantly through television. In Massachusetts, clusters of TROs (Dorchester Center and Jamaica Plain) and reported smoking behaviors (Dorchester Center, Roxbury Crossing, Lawrence) were found in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Despite the widespread distribution of TROs throughout the communities, participants overwhelmingly visited a relatively small number of TROs in Roxbury and Methuen. In Texas, clusters of TROs (Spring, Jersey Village, Bunker Hill Village, Sugar Land, and Missouri City) were found primarily in Houston, whereas clusters of reported smoking behaviors were concentrated in West University Place, Aldine, Jersey Village, Spring, and Baytown. Conclusions Smartphone apps could be used to pair geolocation data with self-reported smoking behavior in order to gain a better understanding of how tobacco product marketing and promotion influence smoking behavior within vulnerable communities. Public health officials could take advantage of smartphone data collection capabilities to implement targeted tobacco control efforts in these strategic locations to reach underserved communities in their built environment.

Insurance disparity in the United States cancer survivors’ smoking rates: A trend study from NHIS 2008-2017.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1553-1553
Author(s):  
Yannan Zhao ◽  
Binbin Zheng-Lin ◽  
Biyun Wang ◽  
Xi-Chun Hu ◽  
Changchuan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Complex Design ◽  
Adult Cancer Survivors ◽  
Smoking Behaviors

1553 Background: Smoking rates have been decreasing in the U.S over the last decade. Smoking cessation is a critical part of cancer treatment and survivorship care. However, little is known about the trend of smoking rates in U.S. cancer survivors and how it varied by individuals’ insurance coverages. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the temporal trend of smoking rates using the National Health Interview Survey from 2008 through 2017. Adult cancer survivors (n = 20122) were included in the analysis. The outcomes were self-reported current smoking behavior. Insurance coverage was categorized into any private (age ≤65), other coverage (age ≤65), uninsured (age ≤65), Medicare + any private (age > 65), and other coverage (age > 65). We combined every two years data to improve statistical power in the subgroup analysis. Weighted analyses were performed with SAS 9.4 to account for the complex design. Results: The smoking rates in cancer survivors decreased from 18.4% in 2008 to 12.5% in 2017. However, the smoking rates varied remarkably by insurance status (p < 0.001). There was a decreasing trend of smoking rates in participants with any private (age ≤65) (17.3% in 2008/2009 to 12.0% in 2016/2017), Medicare + any private (age > 65) (7.5% in 2008/2009 to 5.9% in 2016/2017), and other coverage (age > 65) (13.2% in 2008/2009 to 9.2% in 2016/2017) whereas the current smoking rates remains high in cancer survivors with other coverage (age ≤65) (40.1% in 2008/2009 to 34.4% in 2016/2017) and uninsured (age ≤65) (43.4% in 2008/2009 to 43,1% in 2016/2017). Conclusions: Cancer survivors report less smoking behaviors over the last decade which is similar to the general population. However, the smoking rate remains dangerously high in non-elderly cancer survivors without any private insurance.

scholarly journals The Potential of Smartphone Apps in Informing Protobacco and Antitobacco Messaging Efforts Among Underserved Communities: Longitudinal Observational Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund WJ Lee ◽  
Mesfin Awoke Bekalu ◽  
Rachel McCloud ◽  
Donna Vallone ◽  
Monisha Arya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Underserved Communities ◽  
Tobacco Marketing ◽  
Health Apps ◽  
Smoking Behaviors

BACKGROUND People from underserved communities such as those from lower socioeconomic positions or racial and ethnic minority groups are often disproportionately targeted by the tobacco industry, through the relatively high levels of tobacco retail outlets (TROs) located in their neighborhood or protobacco marketing and promotional strategies. It is difficult to capture the smoking behaviors of individuals in actual locations as well as the extent of exposure to tobacco promotional efforts. With the high ownership of smartphones in the United States—when used alongside data sources on TRO locations—apps could potentially improve tobacco control efforts. Health apps could be used to assess individual-level exposure to tobacco marketing, particularly in relation to the locations of TROs as well as locations where they were most likely to smoke. To date, it remains unclear how health apps could be used practically by health promotion organizations to better reach underserved communities in their tobacco control efforts. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to demonstrate how smartphone apps could augment existing data on locations of TROs within underserved communities in Massachusetts and Texas to help inform tobacco control efforts. METHODS Data for this study were collected from 2 sources: (1) geolocations of TROs from the North American Industry Classification System 2016 and (2) 95 participants (aged 18 to 34 years) from underserved communities who resided in Massachusetts and Texas and took part in an 8-week study using location tracking on their smartphones. We analyzed the data using spatial autocorrelation, optimized hot spot analysis, and fitted power-law distribution to identify the TROs that attracted the most human traffic using mobility data. RESULTS Participants reported encountering protobacco messages mostly from store signs and displays and antitobacco messages predominantly through television. In Massachusetts, clusters of TROs (Dorchester Center and Jamaica Plain) and reported smoking behaviors (Dorchester Center, Roxbury Crossing, Lawrence) were found in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Despite the widespread distribution of TROs throughout the communities, participants overwhelmingly visited a relatively small number of TROs in Roxbury and Methuen. In Texas, clusters of TROs (Spring, Jersey Village, Bunker Hill Village, Sugar Land, and Missouri City) were found primarily in Houston, whereas clusters of reported smoking behaviors were concentrated in West University Place, Aldine, Jersey Village, Spring, and Baytown. CONCLUSIONS Smartphone apps could be used to pair geolocation data with self-reported smoking behavior in order to gain a better understanding of how tobacco product marketing and promotion influence smoking behavior within vulnerable communities. Public health officials could take advantage of smartphone data collection capabilities to implement targeted tobacco control efforts in these strategic locations to reach underserved communities in their built environment.

scholarly journals Staff and Patient Attitudes and Issues Related to the Implementaion of a Comprehensive Smoking Ban in a Psychiatic Facility

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
D.L. Scharf ◽  
E. Zahn ◽  
J.R. Reddon ◽  
C. Els
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Nicotine Withdrawal ◽  
Professional Staff ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Smoke Free Policy ◽  
Standard Patient ◽  
High Prevalence

Aims:The purpose of the study was to evaluate issues related to the implementation of a smoking ban with the aim of improving programs to help patients reduce or quit smoking.Method:At a 410 bed pyschiatric facility, 73 staff and 68 patients completed separate surveys regarding their attitudes towards a smoke-free policy banning all indoor smoking and smoking on the grounds.Results:55.2% of patient respondents smoked cigarettes and 42% of participants who smoked have either reduced tobacco consumption or have quit. Changes in quality of life that were found to be significant were mood, eating habits, outlook on life, and level of restlessness, anxiety, stress, and concentration. Comfort level and alertness did not change significantly. These symptoms are all associated with nicotine withdrawal. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) was percieved as being effective in relieving nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Over half of the patients have not discussed tobacco use with a health care professional. Staff expressed mixed attitudes towards the ban and the use of NRTs. Concerns were raised over patients smoking while using NRT in fear of the patient recieving too much nicotine.Conclusion:Given that the deleterious health consequences of smoking are well known and given the high prevalence of smoking in the psychiatric population, extraordinary efforts are required to significantly reduce tobacco consumption. The implication of this research is that education on tobacco reduction options ought to be provided to staff as well as patients. Efforts to reduce tobacco usuage must be incorporated into standard patient care.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SMOKING BAN IN EATERIES ON SMOKING ATTITUDES AMONG ADULT SMOKERS IN KLANG VALLEY MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jinat Ahmed ◽  
Mathialagan AG ◽  
Nazmul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Intention To Quit ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Smoking Behaviors ◽  
Push Forward ◽  
Klang Valley

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of smoking ban in eateries on smoking behaviors and intention to quit smoking among adult smokers in Klang Valley. A validated questionnaire was utilized for this study whereby three variables of the study (socio-demographic characteristics, smokers attitude, and intention to quit smoking) were measured. The structured questionnaire contained closed ended questions where present of dichotomous(yes/no), multiple choice questions and 7-point likert scale questions. 600 questionnaires were distributed to target respondents in eateries of Klang Valley. The inclusion criteria were local citizen of Malaysia, those who gave consent to take part in the study, literate in English, smokers aged 18 years old and above. The data were analyzed utilizing SPSS software version 21.0. There were 504 completed and usable responses received, which represented an 84% response rate. Majority of smokers in Klang Valley were male which constituted around 78.2% of the respondents. Manufactured cigarette, 75.2% was the most preferred type of nicotine among smokers.  Smokers attitude and social support with a smoking ban in restaurants and eateries was significantly associated with intention to quit smoking. 73.8% of smokers agree that the smoking ban in eateries and restaurants have reduced their daily smoking frequency and 58.3% of smokers agreed that the nationwide smoking ban at eateries and public places aspire them to quit smoking.Smoking ban is beneficial to help reduce prevalence of smoking among smokers that in turn helps to reduce secondary smoking and burden of non-communicable diseases in the long run. Though only a little over half of the respondents claimed that the ban inspires them to quit smoking, this is a positive start as the ban was just introduced. When effectively implemented, they are seen as an important element of policy to support behavior change in favor of a healthy lifestyle. The Ministry of Health should push forward with the ban on public smoking as soon as possible. The ban should be in tandem with efforts to help smokers quit. Implementing this scheme nationwide would be a remunerative move to help strive for a better health and cleaner environment for this country.

Smoking Behaviors in Arab Americans: Acculturation and Health Beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roula Ghadban ◽  
Linda Haddad ◽  
Leroy R. Thacker ◽  
Kyungeh An ◽  
Robert L. Balster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arab Americans ◽  
Arab American ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Smoking Behaviors

Introduction: Arab Americans are a growing population in the United States. In the 2011 American Community Survey, the U.S. Census Bureau reported there were close to 1.8 million Arab Americans living within the United States, a 47% increase in population size from 2000. According to the Arab American Institute, currently, that estimate has grown to approximately 3.7 million. They have high rates of smoking and low rates of smoking cessation. In this study, the researchers investigated factors influencing desire to quit smoking among Arab Americans, and their association with acculturation and health beliefs. Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive study investigating smoking behaviors and factors influencing the desire to quit smoking among adult Arab American. Data were collected to measure tobacco use, nicotine dependence, desire to quit smoking, acculturation, and health beliefs. Results: The sample ( N = 96) was 55% female, mean age of 44 years (±14.79). The desire to quit smoking was positively associated with perceived severity (p < .05) and susceptibility to cancer (p < .05), perceived benefits of quitting smoking ( p < .01); and negatively associated with smoking barriers (addiction barriers p < .05, external barriers p = .27, internal barriers p < .05), and nicotine dependence (p < .05). Being female, having a lower level of nicotine dependence, and a higher perception of cancer severity predicted higher desire to quit smoking ( p < .01). Discussion: Smoking cessation intervention studies need to target appropriate health beliefs, especially the high risk of cancer caused by smoking among Arab Americans.

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