scholarly journals The Early and Middle Neolithic in NW Russia: radiocarbon chronologies from the Sukhona and Onega regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 122-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henny Piezonka ◽  
Nadezhda Nedomolkina ◽  
Marina Ivanishcheva ◽  
Natalya Kosorukova ◽  
Marianna Kulkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian North ◽  
European Forest ◽  
Freshwater Reservoir ◽  
The Baltic

The onset of the Neolithic period in the Russian North is defined by the emergence of pottery vessels in the archaeological record. The ceramics produced by mobile hunter-gatherer-fisher groups in the north-eastern European forest zone are among the earliest in Europe, starting around 6000 cal BC. After the initial mosaic of local styles in the Early Neolithic, including sparsely decorated wares and early Comb Ware, the Middle Neolithic period, starting in the 5th millennium cal BC, saw the development and spread of larger, more homogenous typological entities between the Urals and the Baltic, the Comb-Pit and Pit-Comb wares. Absolute chronologies, however, are still subject to debate, due to a general lack of reliable contextual information. Direct 14C dating of carbonised surface residues (‘food crusts’) on pots can help to address this problem, as it dates the use of the pottery; but if aquatic foods were processed in the vessels, the respective radiocarbon ages can appear to be too old due to the freshwater reservoir effect. In this pa­per, we discuss the radiocarbon chronologies of four important stratified archaeological complexes in the region between Lake Onega and the Sukhona basin, Berezovaya Slobodka, Veksa, Karavaikha, and Tudo­zero. A growing series of dates, including AMS dates, sheds new light on the onset and further periodisation of the Early and Middle Neolithic in this important area between Eastern Fennoscandia, Central Rus­sia and the Far North-East of Europe, although problems concerning the absolute chronology of the initial Neolithic remain.

scholarly journals The Early and Middle Neolithic in NW Russia: radiocarbon chronologies from the Sukhona and Onega regions

10.4312/dp.8 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Henny Piezonka ◽  
Nadezhda Nedomolkina ◽  
Marina Ivanishcheva ◽  
Natalya Kosorukova ◽  
Marianna Kulkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian North ◽  
European Forest ◽  
Freshwater Reservoir ◽  
The Baltic

The onset of the Neolithic period in the Russian North is defined by the emergence of pottery vessels in the archaeological record. The ceramics produced by mobile hunter-gatherer-fisher groups in the north-eastern European forest zone are among the earliest in Europe, starting around 6000 cal BC. After the initial mosaic of local styles in the Early Neolithic, including sparsely decorated wares and early Comb Ware, the Middle Neolithic period, starting in the 5th millennium cal BC, saw the development and spread of larger, more homogenous typological entities between the Urals and the Baltic, the Comb-Pit and Pit-Comb wares. Absolute chronologies, however, are still subject to debate, due to a general lack of reliable contextual information. Direct 14C dating of carbonised surface residues (‘food crusts’) on pots can help to address this problem, as it dates the use of the pottery; but if aquatic foods were processed in the vessels, the respective radiocarbon ages can appear to be too old due to the freshwater reservoir effect. In this pa­per, we discuss the radiocarbon chronologies of four important stratified archaeological complexes in the region between Lake Onega and the Sukhona basin, Berezovaya Slobodka, Veksa, Karavaikha, and Tudo­zero. A growing series of dates, including AMS dates, sheds new light on the onset and further periodisation of the Early and Middle Neolithic in this important area between Eastern Fennoscandia, Central Rus­sia and the Far North-East of Europe, although problems concerning the absolute chronology of the initial Neolithic remain.

Stone Age Pottery Chronology in the Northeast European Forest Zone: New AMS and EA-IRMS Results on Foodcrusts

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henny Piezonka ◽  
John Meadows ◽  
Sönke Hartz ◽  
Elena Kostyleva ◽  
Nadezhda Nedomolkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Isotopic Data ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Aquatic Products ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
European Forest ◽  
Northern European Russia ◽  
Freshwater Reservoir

AbstractPottery produced by mobile hunter-gatherer-fisher groups in the northeast European forest zone is among the earliest in Europe. Absolute chronologies, however, are still subject to debate due to a general lack of reliable contextual information. Direct radiocarbon dating of carbonized surface residues (“foodcrusts”) on pots can help to address this problem, as it dates the use of the pottery. If a pot was used to cook fish or other aquatic species, however, carbon in the crust may have been depleted in 14C compared to carbon in terrestrial foods and thus appear older than it really is (i.e. showing a “freshwater reservoir effect,” or FRE). A connected problem, therefore, is the importance of aquatic resources in the subsistence economy, and whether pots were used to process aquatic food. To build better chronologies from foodcrust dates, we need to determine which 14C results are more or less likely to be subject to FRE, i.e. to distinguish crusts derived mainly from aquatic ingredients from those composed mainly of terrestrial foods. Integrating laboratory analyses with relative chronologies based on typology and stratigraphy can help to assess the extent of FRE in foodcrust dates. This article reports new 14C and stable isotope measurements on foodcrusts from six Stone Age sites in central and northern European Russia, and one in southeastern Estonia. Most of these 14C results are not obviously influenced by FRE, but the isotopic data suggest an increasing use of aquatic products over the course of the 6th and 5th millennia cal BC.

Hunter-Gatherer Pottery and Charred Residue Dating: New Results on Early Ceramics in the North Eurasian Forest Zone

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1033-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sönke Hartz ◽  
Elena Kostyleva ◽  
Henny Piezonka ◽  
Thomas Terberger ◽  
Natalya Tsydenova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Reservoir Effect ◽  
Upper Volga ◽  
The North ◽  
Early Ceramic ◽  
Freshwater Reservoir ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Upper Volga Region

This article discusses 18 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates from the peat bog sites Sakhtysh 2a, Ozerki 5, and Ozerki 17 in the Upper Volga region. The aim is to contribute to a better understanding of the emergence and dispersal of early ceramic traditions in northern Eurasia and their connection to the Baltic. With 1 exception, all dates were obtained from charred residue adhering to the sherd. A possible reservoir effect was tested on 1 piece of pottery from Sakhtysh 2a by taking 1 sample from charred residue, and another sample from plant fiber remains. Although a reservoir effect was able to be ruled out in this particular case, 4 other dates from Sakhtysh 2a and Ozerki 5 seem too old on typological grounds and might have been affected by freshwater reservoir effects. Considering all other reliable dates, the Early Neolithic Upper Volga culture, and with it the adoption of ceramics, in the forest zone of European Russia started around 6000 cal BC.

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTIC OF SEA RADIANCE COEFFICIENT SPECTRA MEASURED REMOTELY IN COASTAL WATERS OF FIVE SEAS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Rostovtseva ◽  
Vera Rostovtseva ◽  
Igor Goncharenko ◽  
Igor Goncharenko ◽  
Dmitrii Khlebnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Constituents ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Baltic

Sea radiance coefficient, defined as the ratio of the sunlight reflected by the water bulk to the sunlight illuminating the water surface, is one of the most informative optical characteristics of the seawater that can be obtained by passive remote sensing. We got the sea radiance coefficient spectra by processing the data obtained in measurements from board a moving ship. Using sea radiance coefficient optical spectra it is possible to estimate water constituents concentration and their distribution over the aquatory of interest. However, thus obtained sea radiance coefficient spectra are strongly affected by weather and measurement conditions and needs some calibration. It was shown that practically all the spectra of sea radiance coefficient have some generic peculiarities regardless of the type of sea waters. These peculiarities can be explained by the spectrum of pure sea water absorption. Taking this into account a new calibration method was developed. The measurements were carried out with the portative spectroradiometers from board a ship in the five different seas: at the north-east coast of the Black Sea, in the Gdansk Bay of the Baltic Sea, in the west part of the Aral Sea, in the Kara Sea with the Ob’ Bay and in the Philippine Sea at the coast of Taiwan. The new method of calibration was applied to the obtained spectra of the sea radiance coefficient that enabled us to get the corresponding absorption spectra and estimate the water constituents concentration in every region. The obtained concentration estimates were compared to the values obtained in water samples taken during the same measurement cycle and available data from other investigations. The revealed peculiarities of the sea radiance coefficient spectra in the aquatories under exploration were compared to the corresponding water content and some characteristic features were discussed.

The Forgotten Child of the Wider Corded Ware Family: Russian Fatyanovo Culture in Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 65-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerkko Nordqvist ◽  
Volker Heyd
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Volga River ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
River Valleys

The Fatyanovo Culture, together with its eastern twin, the Balanovo Culture, forms part of the pan-European Corded Ware Complex. Within that complex, it represents its eastern expansion to the catchment of the Upper and Middle Volga River in the European part of Russia. Its immediate roots are to be found in the southern Baltic States, Belarus, and northern Ukraine (the Baltic and Middle-Dnepr Corded Ware Cultures), from where moving people spread the culture further east along the river valleys of the forested flatlands. By doing so, they introduced animal husbandry to these regions. Fatyanovo Culture is predominately recognised through its material culture imbedded in its mortuary practices. Most aspects of every-day life remain unknown. The lack of an adequate absolute chronological framework has thus far prevented the verification of its internal cultural dynamics while overall interaction proposed also on typo-stratigraphical grounds suggests a contemporaneity with other representations of the Corded Ware Complex in Europe. Fatyanovo Culture is formed by the reverse movement to the (north-)east of the Corded Ware Complex, itself established in the aftermath of the westbound spread of Yamnaya populations from the steppes. It thus represents an important link between west and east, pastoralists and last hunter-gatherers, and the 3rd and the 2nd millennia bc. Through its descendants (including Abashevo, Sintashta, and Andronovo Cultures) it becomes a key component in the development of the wider cultural landscape of Bronze Age Eurasia.

scholarly journals An examination of the worked bone and antler assemblage at Uğurlu (Gökçeada, Turkey)

10.4312/dp.23 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Jarrad W. Paul ◽  
Burçin Erdoğu
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Western Anatolia ◽  
Bone Tools ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Worked Bone ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
Tool Types ◽  
Dramatic Growth

Worked bone and antler tools were regularly used by prehistoric societies in northwest and western Anatolia to create and maintain everyday items. Uğurlu, one of the most important pre­historic sites in the north east Aegean, shows extensive evidence of bone and antler tool manufac­ture. This article examines the Uğurlu osseous assemblage from its inception during the Early Neo­lithic (6800 cal BC) to the middle Chalcolithic (4300 cal BC). A typology is established which labels the 534 items uncovered thus far, supported by contextual information. A comparison with other bone tool assemblages in the region is also presented, highlighting group similarities and type differences. The results show that few bone tools were found in the Early Neolithic Phase VI (6800– 6600 cal BC), while pointed tools dominate Phase V (6600–5900 cal BC). The established Neolithic Phase IV (5900–5600 cal BC) witnesses a dramatic growth in the number of bone tools produced, which is steadily adapted with the advent of the Chalcolithic Phase III (5500–4900 cal BC). During this transition between the Neolithic and Chalcolithic, certain tool types decline in number and manufacturing style changes. In the middle Chalcolithic Phase II (4500–4300 cal BC), bone objects seem to be crudely made, possibly reflecting the emergence of local traditions.

scholarly journals The Stone Vessels in the Cities of Russian North-West

2018 ◽  
pp. 361-371
Author(s):  
П. Е. Сорокин ◽  
В. И. Кильдюшевский ◽  
В. Н. Матвеев
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
North West ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Russian North ◽  
The Baltic

Сосуды из каменной массы, изготавливавшиеся в городах Северной Германии и получившие в литературе название рейнской керамики, были широко распространены в позднее Средневековье и Новое время в Северной Европе. В русских городах они встречаются значительно реже, причем в основном на Северо-Западе, вовлеченном в балтийскую торговлю. Значительно более широко они представлены в Восточной Прибалтике, Финляндии, а также в городах Выборг, Ниеншанц и Но-тебург, входивших в состав шведских владений. Поступление сосудов из каменной массы в прибалтийские страны отражает торговые и политические процессы в Балтийском регионе. The stone vessels, manufactured in the cities of Northern Germany and got the name of Rhenish ceramics in literature were widespread in the Late Middle Ages and Modern Time in Northern Europe. In Russian cities, they are met much rarer, mostly in the North-West involved in the Baltic trade. Much more commonly they are represented in the Eastern Baltic countries, Finland, and also in the cities of Vyborg, Nyenschantz and Noteburg, which once were part of the Swedish realm. The flow of stone vessels into the Baltic countries reflects trade and political processes in the Baltic region.

scholarly journals Basic vocabulary of the Karelian and Vepsian languages in the linguistic and geographical aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-101
Author(s):  
I. P. Novak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dialect Classification ◽  
Basic Vocabulary ◽  
The Baltic

Introduction: Karelian and Vepsian vocabulary has been collected and studied by linguists from Russia and Finland for two centuries. An invaluable source for research in the dialectology of the North-East group of the Baltic-Finnish languages is the «Comparative and Onomasiological Dictionary of the Karelian, Vepsian and Sami Languages» (2007). The dictionary was prepared by staff of the Institute of Linguistics, Literature and History of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences using field research data from 1979–1981. The article reports the main results of applying the statistical method of cluster analysis to the dictionary entries. Objective: the analysis of the basic vocabulary of the dialects of the Karelian and Vepsian languages in the linguistic and geographical aspect using the statistical method of cluster analysis (dialectometry method). Research materials: pre-encoded for being uploaded to the clustering software database lexical data from the «Comparative and Onomasiological Dictionary of the Karelian, Vepsian and Sami Languages» (about 43 thousand units). Results and novelty of the research: the scientific novelty of the research is the application of the statistical method of cluster analysis to large volumes of pre-encoded lexical dialect material. The results of the calculation confirm the conclusions made by linguists earlier regarding the unity of the Vepsian and Karelian languages, as well as the presence of a clear border between them. The question of determination of the linguistic status of the Ludic dialects, which has been the subject of discussions among Russian and Finnish linguists for decades, is resolved in favor of the Karelian dialect on the basis of the material involved in the analysis. The boundaries between clusters outlined by the clustering program for the Vepsian language coincided with its dialect classification. On the Karelian part of the final map, the main bundle of isoglosses shifted north of the border between the dialects of the language, which indicates a more mobile character of its lexical level. The results presented in the article and the method of obtaining them will be later used to develop a linguistically grounded classification of Karelian language dialects.

scholarly journals Les pêches de l’URSS dans l’Atlantique du Nord-Est et l’élargissement des zones de pêche exclusive

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-126
Author(s):  
François Carré
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Capelin Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Access Rights ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Almost All

After the last war, the USSR set it self to increase the development of its ocean fisheries from its two North-East Atlantic seaboards on the Barents Sea and the Baltic. With a modernized fleet and almost complete freedom on the seas, its catch increased six fold between 1950 and 1976, going from 0,4 to 2,5 million tons per year, and Soviet fishermen could be found roaming on all the seas bordering Europe. However, as from 1977, this expansion was fiercely curtailed when coastal nations, including the USSR, established the 200-mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ) or mere exclusive fishing zone (EFZ), each being alloted almost all of its living resource s. More fishing grounds were lost by the USSR than gained, to the point where production suddenly fell in 1977 and it had to turn to fish of lesser quality, often used for industrial purposes, such as the Capelin (Mallotus villosus) and the blue Whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) which today make up to 60 % of all its catch off Northern Europe. The Soviet authorities reacted with flexibility and diversity, namely by increased fishing in the national exclusive zone, particularly in the Barents Sea, through negotiations leading to access rights to foreign waters, particularly those of Norway and the Faeroe Islands, and through a policy whereby it could purchase unprocessed fish from some members of the EEC. Thus Russian factory ships came to the British coasts to process mackerel delivered to them at sea by English and Scottish fishermen. It is through such a strategy of diversification, various examples of which may be found around the world, that the Soviets have succeeded in regaining grounds lost in 1977 and in reaching an average production of 1,7 million tons from 1977 to 1983 in the North-East Atlantic, this being 3 to 4 % less than that of 1970-76, notwithstanding the few purchases of fish made directly at sea.

scholarly journals Black Sea Baric Depression

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-198
Author(s):  
Ion Isaia
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
East Side ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Synoptic Conditions ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
High Atmospheric Pressure

Abstract This work is meant to demonstrate that, in the special synoptic conditions, on the surface of the Black Sea, a baric depression is being formed. This depression is formed when the Black Sea's water temperature is higher than the surrounding continental ground's temperature. There are situations when the baric depression of the Black Sea occurs because of the consequences of the movement of another baric depression from the east of the Mediterranean Sea to its north-east side. Due to the high atmospheric pressure of the continental zone that's surrounding the Black Sea, the baric depression will get a retrograde movement, towards the north or northwest. Eventually, this depression occludes in the eastern continental zone of Europe or even near the Baltic Sea. During a retrograde movement of a baric depression, the atmospheric precipitations will fall in big quantities, in many situations, causing floods.

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