scholarly journals Review of immunohistochemical typing of endometrial carcinoma at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2468-2475
Author(s):  
Olayemi Olubunmi Dawodu ◽  
Kehinde Sharafadeen Okunade ◽  
Adetola Daramola ◽  
Adekunbiola Aina Fehintola Banjo
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Endometrial Adenocarcinoma ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Nigerian Women ◽  
Reasonable Proportion ◽  
Endometrial Carcinomas

Background: Categorization of endometrial carcinomas as type I and II provides useful insights into their different risk factors, pathogenesis and biologic behaviours.Aim: To determine the immunohistochemical classifications of endometrial carcinomas in Nigerian women.Design: A retrospective review of histopathologic slides of cases of endometrial carcinomas seen at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) over a 5-year period. The slides were reviewed, and the diagnoses made according to the WHO nomenclature. The classification of endometrial carcinomas into Type I and II was made by immunohistochemistry using antibodies to ER, PR, p53 and Ki-67.Results: Eight cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma were reported accounting for 53.3% of all endometrial malignancies. Of these, only 1 case showed the classic type I immunophenotype while type II staining pattern was seen in 4 cases. The remaining 3 cases had equivocal immunophenotypes: one was p53+ but showed ER+, PR+ and high Ki-67 index; the second was p53-, ER+, PR+ but had a high Ki-67 expression; while the last was p53-, but ER-, PR- and had high Ki-67 expression.Conclusion: Endometrial carcinomas in Nigerian women are more likely to be type II carcinomas. A reasonable proportion of the cases were equivocal thus requiring further categorization with molecular studies.Keywords: Endometrial carcinomas, immunohistochemistry, LUTH, Nigerian.

Type I and Type II estrogen and progesterone binding sites in endometrial carcinomas: their value in predicting survival

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Buckley ◽  
H. Fox ◽  
E. Sivridis
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Endometrial Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Receptor Site ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Endometrial Carcinomas

A simple and inexpensive immunocytochemical technique has been used to demonstrate estrogen (EB) and progesterone binding sites (PB) in endometrial carcinoma. Tumors were considered as being ‘binding-site’ rich if more than 40% of the component epithelial cells were positive for hormone binding sites (HB). By this criterion, over half of the adenocarcinomas studied were HB rich. Significantly higher 5- and 10-year survival rates were found in women whose tumors were HB rich compared with those whose neoplasms were HB poor, and a similar trend was established for patients with a combined EB rich/PB rich status versus that of EB poor/EB poor. This beneficial effect of a rich Type I and Type II receptor site status on survival, however, was shown only to a limited extent for EB. These results were independent of adjuvant treatment and of all clinical and histopathological features of known prognostic importance, save tumor differentiation. It is concluded that the immunocytochemical determination of HB status in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues adds significantly to the prognostic information available for endometrial adenocarcinoma.

Histologic and Immunohistochemical Analyses of Endometrial Carcinomas: Experiences From Endometrial Biopsies in 358 Consultation Cases

2013 ◽  
Vol 137 (11) ◽  
pp. 1574-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Jun Wei ◽  
Ajit Paintal ◽  
Pacita Keh
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Endometrial Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Serous Carcinoma ◽  
Type I ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Endometrioid Carcinoma ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Uterine Serous Carcinoma ◽  
Endometrial Carcinomas

Context.—Uterine serous carcinoma is biologically more aggressive than the endometrioid carcinoma. Because uterine serous carcinoma has a high propensity for lymphovascular invasion and intraperitoneal and extra-abdominal spread, accurate diagnosis of this tumor type in endometrial biopsies/curettings is critical for appropriate clinical management. Objective.—To share our experience in the evaluation of endometrial biopsy specimens in type I and type II endometrial adenocarcinoma. Design.—We retrospectively reviewed 358 biopsies containing endometrial carcinoma during a recent 3 year period of our consultation records. In cases in which our interpretation differed from the submitting diagnosis, a panel of immunostains was performed. The performance characteristics of each antibody in our panel was calculated in this group of challenging cases. Results.—Among the endometrial carcinomas we examined, a diagnosis of type I carcinoma accounted for 91% of cases (327 of 358) and type II carcinoma for 9% of cases (31 of 358); 41 cases (11.5%) were ambiguous or discordant (differing from submitted diagnoses and reviewed) based on histology alone. All 41 ambiguous and discordant cases were further evaluated with a battery of immunohistochemical markers. Of the 41 cases, 36 (88%) were ultimately classified (10 cases [24%] were endometrioid carcinoma; 18 cases [44%] were uterine serous carcinoma; 8 cases [20%] resulted in various other outcomes) and 5 cases (12%) remained indeterminate. Conclusions.—Making the distinction between type I and II endometrial carcinoma remains a common problem in general practice. Although no one biomarker provides excellent statistical performance, a panel of immunohistochemical markers is often useful in difficult cases.

Morphological types of spermatheca in Coreidae: bearing on intra-familial classification and tribal-groupings (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4834 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-501
Author(s):  
DOMINIQUE PLUOT-SIGWALT ◽  
PIERRE MOULET
Keyword(s):  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Spermathecal Duct ◽  
Eastern Hemisphere ◽  
Intermediate Part ◽  
Muscular Pump ◽  
Familial Classification

The morphology of the spermatheca is described in 109 species of 86 genera representing all four currently recognised subfamilies of Coreidae, covering the undivided Hydarinae, both tribes of Pseudophloeinae, all three tribes of Meropachyinae and 27 of the 32 tribes of Coreinae. Three types of spermatheca are recognised. Type I is bipartite, consisting only of a simple tube differentiated into distal seminal receptacle and proximal spermathecal duct and lacks the intermediate part present in most Pentatomomorpha, in which it serves as muscular pump. Type II is also bipartite but more elaborate in form with the receptacle generally distinctly wider than the duct. Type III is tripartite, with receptacle, duct and an often complex intermediate part. Four subtypes are recognised within type III. Type I is found only in Hydarinae and type II only in Pseudophloeinae. Type III is found in both Coreinae and Meropachyinae. Subtype IIIA (“Coreus-group”) unites many tribes from the Eastern Hemisphere and only one (Spartocerini) from the Western Hemisphere. Subtypes IIIB (“Nematopus-group”) and IIID (“Anisoscelis-group”) are confined to taxa from the Western Hemisphere and subtype IIIC (“Chariesterus-group”) is found in tribes from both hemispheres. The polarity of several characters of the intermediate part and some of the spermathecal duct is evaluated, suggesting autapomorphies or apomorphies potentially relevant to the classification of Coreidae at the sufamilial and tribal levels. Characters of the intermediate part strongly indicate that the separation of Meropachyinae and Coreinae as currently constituted cannot be substantiated. The tribes Anisoscelini, Colpurini, Daladerini and Hyselonotini are heterogeneous, each exhibiting two subtypes of spermatheca, and probably polyphyletic. Two tribes, Cloresmini and Colpurini, requiring further investigation remain unplaced. This study demonstrates the great importance of characters of the spermatheca, in particular its intermediate part, for research into the phylogeny and taxonomy of Pentatomomorpha. 

Split spinal cord malformations in children

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Ersşahin ◽  
Saffet Mutluer ◽  
Sevgül Kocaman ◽  
Eren Demirtasş
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Spinal Lesion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The authors reviewed and analyzed information on 74 patients with split spinal cord malformations (SSCMs) treated between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 1996 at their institution with the aim of defining and classifying the malformations according to the method of Pang, et al. Methods. Computerized tomography myelography was superior to other radiological tools in defining the type of SSCM. There were 46 girls (62%) and 28 boys (38%) ranging in age from less than 1 day to 12 years (mean 33.08 months). The mean age (43.2 months) of the patients who exhibited neurological deficits and orthopedic deformities was significantly older than those (8.2 months) without deficits (p = 0.003). Fifty-two patients had a single Type I and 18 patients a single Type II SSCM; four patients had composite SSCMs. Sixty-two patients had at least one associated spinal lesion that could lead to spinal cord tethering. After surgery, the majority of the patients remained stable and clinical improvement was observed in 18 patients. Conclusions. The classification of SSCMs proposed by Pang, et al., will eliminate the current chaos in terminology. In all SSCMs, either a rigid or a fibrous septum was found to transfix the spinal cord. There was at least one unrelated lesion that caused tethering of the spinal cord in 85% of the patients. The risk of neurological deficits resulting from SSCMs increases with the age of the patient; therefore, all patients should be surgically treated when diagnosed, especially before the development of orthopedic and neurological manifestations.

scholarly journals NCOG-02. PROGNOSTIC VALIDATION OF THE EANO ESMO CLASSIFICATION OF LEPTOMENINGEAL METASTASIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii129-ii129
Author(s):  
Emilie Le Rhun ◽  
Patrick Devos ◽  
Johannes Weller ◽  
Katharina Seystahl ◽  
Francesca Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Leptomeningeal Metastasis ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Negative Prognostic Factor ◽  
Choice Of Treatment

Abstract BACKGROUND The EANO ESMO guidelines have proposed a classification of leptomeningeal metastases (LM) based on clinical (typical/atypical), cytological (positive/negative/equivocal) and MRI (A linear, B nodular, C linear and nodular, D normal or hydrocephalus only) presentation. Type I LM is defined by the presence of tumor cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (confirmed LM) whereas type II LM is defined by typical clinical and MRI signs (probable or possible LM). Here we explored the clinical utility of these EANO ESMO LM subtypes for choice of treatment and outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively assembled data from 254 patients with newly diagnosed LM from different solid tumors, including as main primary tumors breast cancer (n=98, 45%), lung cancer (n=65, 25.5%) and melanoma (n=51, 13.5%). Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by Log-rank test. RESULTS Median age at LM diagnosis was 56.5 years (range 20-82 years). Typical clinical LM symptoms or signs were noted in 225 patients (88.5%); only 13 patients (5%) were clinically asymptomatic. The most common MRI subtype was A seen in 117 patients (46%). Types B (n=33, 13%), C (n=54, 21%) and D (n=50, 19.5%) were less common. Tumor cells in the CSF were observed in 186 patients (73%) whereas the CSF was equivocal in 24 (9.5%) and negative in 44 (17.5%) patients. Patients with confirmed LM had inferior outcome than patients with probable or possible LM (p=0.0063). Type I patients had inferior outcome than type II patients (p=0.0019). Nodular disease was a negative prognostic factor in type II LM, but not in type I LM (p=0.0138). CONCLUSION The EANO ESMO LM subtypes are highly prognostic and should be considered for stratification and overall design of clinical trials.

Histological Investigation of the Palatine Bone in Prenatal Trisomy 21

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 492-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halfdan Lauridsen ◽  
Birgit Fischer Hansen ◽  
Ingermarie Reintoft ◽  
Jean W. Keeling ◽  
Inger Kjær
Keyword(s):  
Trisomy 21 ◽  
Type I ◽  
Histological Investigation ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Horizontal Part ◽  
Palatine Bone

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the horizontal part of the palatine bone in palates from human fetuses with trisomy 21 to improve the phenotypic classification of the genotypic anomaly. Methods: Material from 23 human trisomy 21 fetuses was included in the study. The crown rump lengths of the fetuses ranged from 80 mm to 190 mm, corresponding to about 12 to 21 weeks of gestational age. The material was examined histologically. Results and Conclusions: Histological examination demonstrated four different palatal phenotypes on the basis of the development of the horizontal part of the palatine bone: type I, palatine bone complete; type II, the mesial region of the horizontal part of the palatine bone is lacking; type III, complete absence of the horizontal part of the palatine bone; and type IV, auxiliary bones in the region of the transpalatine suture. This finding shows that different types of malformations may occur in the horizontal part of the palatine bone in human trisomy 21 fetuses.

Proposed Conceptual Taxonomy for Proper Identification and Classification of Tornado Events

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Agee ◽  
Erin Jones
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
First Century ◽  
Cold Pool ◽  
Type I ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Data Archiving ◽  
Convective Systems ◽  
Supercell Storms

Abstract A practical approach is recommended for identifying and archiving tornado events, based on the use of definitions that label all vortices as either type I, II, or III tornadoes. This methodology will provide a more meaningful tornado climatology in Storm Data, which separates and classifies all vortices associated in any manner with cumuliform clouds. Tornadoes produced within the mesocyclone of discrete supercell storms, with strong local updrafts (SLUs), will be classified as type I tornadoes. Frequently, these type I tornadoes result from the interaction of the SLU with strong rear-flank downdrafts (RFDs), or with shear vortices in the PBL. Tornadoes produced in association with quasi-linear convective systems (QLCS) will be classified as type II tornadoes (including cold pool, rear-inflow jets, bookend, and mesovortex events along the line). All other vortex types (including landspouts, waterspouts, gustnadoes, cold air vortices, and tornadoes not associated with mesocyclones or QLCS) will be labeled as type III tornadoes. A general discussion is provided that further clarifies the differences and categorization of these three classifications (which encompass 15 tornado species), along with a recommendation that NOAA adopt this taxonomy in operational and data archiving practices. Radar analysis and field observations, combined with storm-scale meteorological expertise, should allow for the official “typing” of tornado reports by NOAA personnel. Establishment of such a climatological database in Storm Data may be of value in assessing the effects (if any) of twenty-first-century global warming on U.S. tornado trends.

Syntheses of Post-Iboga Alkaloids

Synthesis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (14) ◽  
pp. 2737-2758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeonggeun Lim ◽  
Sikwang Seong ◽  
Sunkyu Han
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Synthetic Studies ◽  
Type V

Post-iboga alkaloids are secondary metabolites that are biosynthetically derived from iboga-type alkaloids via rearrangements of the indole and/or isoquinuclidine moieties. Herein, we categorize post-iboga alkaloids into five types based on the biosynthetic mode of transformation of the iboga scaffold. We then describe reported syntheses of post-iboga alkaloids, including our laboratory’s recent contributions, based on our own categorization.1 Introduction1.1 Iboga and Post-Iboga Alkaloids1.2 Classification of Post-Iboga Alkaloids1.2.1 Introduction to Type I Post-Iboga Alkaloids1.2.2 Introduction to Type II Post-Iboga Alkaloids1.2.3 Introduction to Type III Post-Iboga Alkaloids1.2.4 Introduction to Type IV Post-Iboga Alkaloids1.2.5 Introduction to Type V Post-Iboga Alkaloids2 Syntheses of Post-Iboga Alkaloids2.1 Syntheses of Type I Post-Iboga Alkaloids2.1.1 Syntheses of Monomeric Type I Post-Iboga Alkaloids2.1.2 Syntheses of Dimeric Type I Post-Iboga Alkaloids2.2 Syntheses of Type II Post-Iboga Alkaloids2.3 Synthetic Studies Toward Type III Post-Iboga Alkaloids2.4 Syntheses of Type IV Post-Iboga Alkaloids2.5 Synthesis of Type V Post-Iboga Alkaloids3 Conclusion and Outlook

scholarly journals Type II endometrial cancers: original research on a series

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2306
Author(s):  
B. L. Nayak ◽  
Sujata Misra ◽  
Suryakant Jaysingh ◽  
S. K. Giri
Keyword(s):  
Clear Cell ◽  
Myometrial Invasion ◽  
Serous Carcinoma ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Clinicopathological Analysis ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Endometrial Carcinomas

Background: Endometrial carcinoma, which ranks 3rd in India amongst the gynecological malignancies, is of two histological types: I and II. These differ in molecular as well as in clinical and histopathological profiles. Type II is estrogen independent, nonendometrioid, with higher grade histologies, more aggressive and carries an adverse prognosis.Methods: Endometrial carcinomas diagnosed from endometrial biopsies and hysterectomy specimens in the Dept of Gynaec-oncology, AHRCC, Cuttack from November 2009 to January 2015 were included in the study. All specimens were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and paraffin embedded for histological examination with hematoxylin and eosin staining. The clinicopathological analysis of the cases of EC was done with an emphasis on morphology.Results: Of a total of 150 cases of EC reported, 20 cases were classified as type II EC (13.33%) as per histology. The age of the patients ranged from 36 to 73 years, with mean age is 61 years. In 11 cases (55%), the myometrial invasion was more than half. the histological type was a clear cell adenocarcinoma in 50% of the cases. All were treated with hysterectomy and chemotherapy.Conclusions: Of the type II EC, serous carcinoma is the most common type. Clinical presentation and prognosis differs in comparison to type I EC, thus the recognition of this type of EC is pivotal.

scholarly journals Sonographic Analysis of the Upper Labial Orbicularis Oris and Its Clinical Implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 778-783
Author(s):  
Hyun Jin Park ◽  
Kyu-Lim Lee ◽  
Young-Chun Gil ◽  
Ji-Hyun Lee ◽  
Kyung-Seok Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Reference Information ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Orbicularis Oris Muscle ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Sonographic Imaging

Abstract Background Purse string lips, which include the vertical wrinkles over the lips, are frequently observed in aged individuals. Botulinum toxin and fillers are routinely injected into these areas to remove the wrinkles; however, the anatomy of the orbicularis oris muscle (OOr) near the vermilion border area has not been well defined. Objectives The aim of this study was therefore to identify any morphological differences of the upper OOr via sonographic imaging. Methods The upper lip muscles as observed utilizing an ultrasound device were divided into 2 muscles (pars peripheralis and pars marginalis) that were subsequently divided into a further 2 types (Type I and Type II) associated with the development of the pars marginalis. Type II was further divided into Type IIa and Type IIb depending on whether the muscle fibers were well developed and connected. Results On the midline of the lip, Type I, in which the pars marginalis was rarely observed and only appeared in traces, was observed in 20.0% of the volunteers. Type IIa, in which the pars marginalis was well-developed and appeared continuous, was observed in 42.9% of the volunteers. Type IIb, in which the pars marginalis was observed but appeared discontinuous, was observed in 37.1% of the volunteers. Conclusions The shapes of the upper pars marginalis of the OOr varied markedly between volunteers. Type classification of the OOr based on its shape and the lip appearance serves as a reliable source of reference information to be utilized when injecting botulinum toxin into the upper lip.

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