scholarly journals Characteristics and treatment outcomes of HIV infected elderly patients enrolled in Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1537-45
Author(s):  
Benuel Nyagaka ◽  
Stanslaus Kiilu Musyoki ◽  
Lucy Karani ◽  
Anthony Kebira Nyamache
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: A better understanding of the baseline characteristics of elderly people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is relevant because the world’s HIV population is ageing. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the baseline characteristics of PLWHA aged ≥ 50years at recruitment to HIV/ AIDS clinic compared against the viral load (VL) and CD4 count among patients attending Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital (KTRH), Kenya. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated temporal inclinations of CD4 levels, viral load change and baseline demographic characteristics in the electronic records at the hospital using a mixed error-component model for 1329 PLWHA attending clinic between January 2008 and December 2019. Results: Findings showed a significant difference in the comparison between baseline VL and WHO AIDS staging (p=0.026). Overall VL levels decreased over the period significantly by WHO AIDS staging (p<0.0001). Significant difference was ob- served by gender (p<0.0001), across age groups (p<0.0001) and baseline CD4 counts (p=0.003). There were significant differences in WHO staging by CD4 count >200cell/mm3 (p=0.048) and residence (p=0.001). Conclusion: Age, WHO AIDS staging, gender and residence are relevant parameters associated with viral load decline and CD4 count in elderly PLWHA. A noticeable VL suppression was attained confirming possible attainment of VL suppression among PLWHA under clinical care. Keywords: HIV infected elderly patients; Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya.

scholarly journals Viral load as a risk factor of reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug resistance mutation in antiretroviral-treated people living with HIV/AIDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-253
Author(s):  
Hotma Martogi Lorensi Hutapea ◽  
Tri Nury Kridaningsih ◽  
Khoirul Huda Prasetyo ◽  
Milton Boaheng Antwi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a major contagion faced by the population of Indonesia. The success of antiretroviral treatment (ART) is threatened by the emergence of drug resistance mutations (DRM). The aim of this study was to determine the association between CD4 count, CD4 count changes, viral load, adherence to therapy, and therapy history in the presence of DRM in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study involving 269 adults who underwent antiretroviral (ARV) therapy for at least 6 months. The frequencies of DRM and polymorphisms were measured by partial amplification of the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene using RT-nested PCR on samples with viral loads of >1000 copies/mL. Sequencing was performed using the Sanger method, and edited by BioEdit. The edited sequences were submitted to http://hivdb.stanford.edu for DRM determination. Respondents’ medical data, CD4 count, viral load, and DRM were analyzed by simple and multiple logistic regression. ResultsThe multiple logistic regression analysis showed a significant association of CD4 count (aOR=12.47; 95% CI: 1.45 -107.39; p=0.023) and viral load at the time of study (aOR=29.56; 95% CI: 3.47-251.52; p=0.002) with the presence of DRM in respondents. ARV substitution history was not associated with the presence of DRM. There were 17 respondents (6.3%) carrying HIV-1 DRM, with M184V/I (11 sequences) as the most frequent pattern of NRTI resistance, and K103 (9 sequences) as that of NNRTI resistance. ConclusionThis study demonstrated that viral load at the time of the study was the most influential determinant factor for the presence of DRM in PLWHA.

PERAN WARGA PEDULI AIDS CAHAYA CARE TUREN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS HIDUP ODHA

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Nurhudi Sasono
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
P Value ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract : Indicator of the health welfare through Sustanable Development Goals (SDGs) is to reduce the incidence of HIV-AIDS, decrease the rate of the epidemic and maintain the quality of life of people living with HIV-AIDS (PLWHA). Trend cases of HIV-AIDS is the most recent spread among people, especially housewives. In Malang until 2015 found 278 Housewife of 409 cases of AIDS. The prevalence of HIV-AIDS in Malang Regency is ranked second after Surabaya city in East Java. For the importance of public participation and citizen care AIDS Cahaya Care Turen take responsibility for the condition. Determination Rule Goverment number 2 2015 year on the Participation of the community response to HIV-AIDS in Malang as a legal rule. Concerned Citizens activities AIDS (WPA). WPA Cahaya Care Turen is increases HIV risk and quality of life PLWHA. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of Citizens AIDS Cahaya Care Quality of Care Turen against people living with HIV in Puskesmas Turen Malang. The study design using a quasi-experimental, with purposive sampling using a sampling technique. Total number of research subjects 23. Based on test results obtained with the Wilcoxon p value <0.005, which means that there is a significant difference before and after PLWHA joining participated in the WPA Cahaya Care Turen. The conclusion of this study is WPA activities involving people living with HIV and at risk groups can optimize compliance with antiretroviral drugs that have an impact on improving the quality of life of PLHIV. Suggestions in this research is done WPA Program activities are structured and ongoing cross-sector in order to improve the quality of life and empower PLWHA.Keywords : WPA Cahaya Care Turen, Quality of life, PLWHA Abstrak : Salah satu indikator kesejahteraan kesehatan melalui Sustanable Development Goals (SDGs) adalah menekan angka kejadian HIV-AIDS, menurunkan laju epidemik dan mempertahankan kualitas hidup Orang dengan HIV-AIDS (ODHA). Trend kasus HIV-AIDS terkini terbanyak adalah menjangkit dikalangan masyarakat khususnya pada ibu rumah tangga. Kabupaten Malang sampai dengan tahun 2015 ditemukan 278 Ibu Rumah Tangga dari 409 kasus AIDS. Prevalensi HIV-AIDS di Kabupaten Malang ini merupakan peringkat kedua di Jawa Timur setelah Kota Surabaya. Untuk itu pentingnya peran serta masyarakat dan warga peduli AIDS Cahaya Care Turen ikut bertanggung jawab terhadap kondisi tersebut. Penetapan Peraturan Bupati Malang no.2 th.2015 tentang Peran serta masyarakat penanggulangan HIV-AIDS di Kabupaten Malang diharapkan dapat mengurangi risiko penularan HIV dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup ODHA. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Peran Warga Peduli AIDS Cahaya Care Turen terhadap Kualitas ODHA Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Turen Kabupaten Malang. Desain penelitian menggunakan quasi eksperimen, dengan teknik sampling menggunakan purposive sampling. Jumlah subyek penelitian sejumlah 23. Berdasarkan hasil uji dengan Wilcoxon didapatkan nilai p value < 0.005 yang berarti bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna sebelum dan sesudah ODHA bergabung mengikuti kegiatan WPA Cahaya Care Turen. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah kegiatan WPA dengan melibatkan ODHA dan kelompok beresiko dapat mengoptimalkan kepatuhan obat ART sehingga berdampak terhadap peningkatan kualitas hidup ODHA. Saran dalam penelitian ini adalah dilakukannya Program kegiatan WPA yang terstruktur dan berkesinambungan lintas sektor guna meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan memberdayakan ODHA.     Kata kunci : WPA Cahaya Care Turen, kualitas hidup, ODHA

scholarly journals Community Viral Load and CD4 Count Distribution Among People Living With HIV in a South African Township

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Kranzer ◽  
Stephen D. Lawn ◽  
Leigh F. Johnson ◽  
Linda-Gail Bekker ◽  
Robin Wood
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
South African ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Count Distribution ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
South African Township

scholarly journals Food consumption and nutritional status of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA): a case of Thika and Bungoma Districts, Kenya

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Nafula Kuria
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the food consumption, dietary habits and nutritional status of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and adults whose HIV status is not established.DesignCross-sectional descriptive survey.SettingThika and Bungoma Districts, Kenya.SubjectsA random sample of 439 adults; 174 adults living with HIV/AIDS and 265 adults whose HIV/AIDS status was not established in Thika and Bungoma Districts.ResultsMajority of PLWHA consume foods that are low in nutrients to build up the immune system and help maintain adequate weight, and there is little variety in the foods they consume. More adults who are HIV-positive are undernourished than those whose status is not established. Of the HIV-positive adults, those with a BMI of ≤18·5 kg/m2 were 23·6 % (Thika 20·0 % and Bungoma 25·7 %) while of the adults whose status is not established those with BMI ≤ 18·5 kg/m2 were 13·9 % (Thika 9·3 % and Bungoma 16·7 %).ConclusionsAdults who are HIV-positive are more likely to be undernourished than those whose status is not established, as there is a significant difference (P = 0·000) between the nutritional status (BMI) of PLWHA and those whose HIV/AIDS status is not established. PLWHA consume foods that are low in nutrients to promote their nutritional well-being and health.

Study the Prevalence of Depression in Patients Attending Comprehensive Care Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mehak Nimra ◽  
Sobia Yousaf ◽  
Huma Naz ◽  
Hira Nain ◽  
Tahreem Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Comprehensive Care ◽  
P Value ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Complications ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Age Category

Abstract: Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric complications of HIV disease, and this leads to worse HIV-related health outcomes. With 350 million people affected worldwide, rates of depression are roughly two times greater in people living with HIV than in the general population. Objective: Determine prevalence of depression in patients attending Comprehensive Care Centre Shifa international Hospital, Islamabad Design: Descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study.  Settings: Shifa international Hospital, Islamabad Comprehensive Care Centre, Methods: This data is from a bigger study ‘prevalence of alcohol use disorders and depression in patients attending Comprehensive Care Centre (CCC). The study population consisted of PLWHA attending the CCC. Two hundred and seventy-two (N=272) participants from CCC attendants were recruited. All consenting male and female aged 18-65 years were interviewed using the researcher’s designed questioner to collect their socio-demographic characteristics. Fully completed questionnaires were entered into excel sheets and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20.  Results: The overall prevalence of depression was 23.8%, with mild depression at 9.7%, moderate depression at 10.4% and severe depression accounting for 3.7%, respectively. Depression was associated with alcohol use (p=0.024). A significant difference between depression and age where depression levels worsens as age advances; respondents in age category of 18-21 years had less or no depression compared to those in the age category of 33 years and above. We found an association between depression and employment. Those laid-off work (1/3), and the retired (15%) had more depression compared to the employed (11%) or self-employed 6%, with a P value of 0.55 (borderline). On multivariate analysis severity of depression (OR=5.5, 95% CI of OR [2.1 –14.3], p<0.0001) was associated with male gender (OR=10, 95% CI of OR [3.6 –28.3], p<0.0001). Conclusion: The study findings indicate a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients attending the CCC. There is need to set-up appropriate interventions and strategies to reduce the prevalence of mental health disorders into routine HIV clinical care and support.

scholarly journals Depression and suicidal ideation among HIV seropositive patients attending the special treatment clinic of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Elvis Mbu Bisong ◽  
Chidi John Okafor ◽  
Agam Ebaji Ayuk ◽  
Udeme Essien Asibong ◽  
Henry Ohem Okpa
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objectives: The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy and innovations in healthcare has contributed in improving the lives of persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AID. Patients infected with HIV are more susceptible to develop psychiatric illnesses. Depression is common among patients suffering from chronic illness such as HIV/AIDS and can exacerbate these illnesses. Depression has been observed to be twice as common in HIV seropositive individuals than in the general population. Undiagnosed and untreated depression in patients suffering from HIV/AIDS could lead to poor adherence to medications and lower quality of life. Depression is associated with rapid HIV disease progression. The diagnosis of HIV infection may be associated with feelings of anger, denial, sadness, guilt feelings, loss of self-esteem among others. These negative feelings could lead to suicidal ideation and attempted suicide or suicide. We sought to determine the prevalence rates, sociodemographics and predictors, of depression and suicidal ideation among study participants. Material and methods: Two hundred and two adult participants who met the inclusion criteria were recruited into the study. Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview English version 6.0.0 was employed to diagnose depression and suicidal ideation. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0. Significant levels were set at P < 0.05. Results: This study revealed prevalence rates of 11.4% for depression and 7.9% for suicidal ideation among study participants. Majority of the participants were females in the young age group category of 30–40 years (45%) with mostly secondary education (47.8%), most had a higher CD4 count greater than 200 cells/µL (82.6%) and were mainly on zidovudine/lamivudine/nevirapine combination therapy (56.5%). Mean age, CD4 count, and viral load levels were lower in HIV patients with depression but were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CD4 count and viral load were not significantly associated with suicidal ideation. Lower age (30–40 years) was significantly associated with suicidal ideation (P < 0.05). Suicidal ideation is a predictor of depression in the same way depression is a predictor of suicidal ideation (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Routine screening for depression and suicidal ideation especially among younger HIV/AIDS patients is recommended in the clinic setting.

scholarly journals Time to viral load suppression and its associated factors in cohort of patients taking antiretroviral treatment in East Shewa Zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia, 2018

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jemal H Ali
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Plasma Viral Load ◽  
Baseline Viral Load ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Human immuno-deficiency virus is a virus that causes Acquired Immuno- Deficiency Syndrome. The key goal of ART is to achieve and maintain durable viral suppression. Thus, the most important use of the viral load is to monitor the effectiveness of therapy after initiation of ART. The main objective of the study was to determine the time for virological suppression and its associated factors among people living with HIV taking antiretroviral treatments in East shewa zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia. Methods: The study was conducted in East Shewa zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia from August 2017 to January 2018. Patients diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus presenting to the study health centers between October 3, 2011 and March 1, 2013 were included in the study given the following criteria: age 18 years or greater, eligible to start ART. All patients with baseline viral load measurement were included in the study. Interaction between explanatory variables with the response variable was analyzed by using cross tab features of SPSS, IBM Inc. Significance group comparison was done by Kaplan Meier log rank test. Cox proportional hazard model was used to select significant factors to the variability between groups. Data was collected by using structured questionnaires and interview. A total of ETB 81,120.00 was utilized to carry out the study. Result: plasma viral load was suppressed below detection level in 72% of individuals taking different regimen of ART. The median HIV-1 plasma viral load in the cohort was log 5.3111 copies/ml. Survival curve difference were observed in category of marital status (p-value 0.023) and baseline CD4 values (p-value 0.023) whereas no significant difference were observed in Educational status (p-value 0.404), MUAC (p- value 0.407) BMI(p-value 0.335) and BTB(p-value 0.257). Estimated median time to PVL suppression was 181days (CI: 140.5-221.4) with the age group of 30-39years having minimum time to achieve suppression with 92 days (CI: 60.1-123.8) and the maximum time required to reach the level was age group between 50-59 years. Conclusion: Estimated time to achieve PVL after taking ART was found to be 181 days. Factors affecting time to suppression level was marital status and baseline CD4.

scholarly journals Clinico-radiological profile of abdominal tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS patients-a study from rural central India

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisar A. Wafai ◽  
Sudhir K. Yadav ◽  
Prem S. Singh ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Prafulla K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Central India ◽  
Abdominal Tuberculosis ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: One of the major challenge of present era is dual epidemic of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. With immunosuppression, risk of opportunistic diseases increases in these patients and tuberculosis is most common opportunistic infection. The prevalence of abdominal tuberculosis seems to be rising, particularly due to increasing prevalence of HIV infection. The diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis can often be difficult and it remains underdiagnosed, in view of its nonspecific manifestations. The investigations involved in its diagnosis are expensive and time consuming, however, ultrasonography (USG) is an affordable, non-invasive and widely available modality which can be of help in the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate clinical and USG finding among Abdominal Tuberculosis patients with HIV/AIDS.Methods: After informed consent, patients underwent thorough history taking and clinical examination followed by high quality USG abdomen and other biochemical and haematological tests including CD4 count. Follow up USG abdomen was done at time of completion of course of ATT and data was analysed.Results: 45 were found to have abdominal tuberculosis. Of these patients, 31(68.9%) were male and 14 (31.1%) were female. Mean age of HIV-abdominal TB was 34.27±9.66 years. most common symptoms were weight loss 41(91.1%), loss of appetite 38(84.4%), fever       32(71.1%), generalized weakness 30(66.7%) and abdominal pain 27(60.0%). On USG abdomen, intraabdominal lymphadenopathy was most common finding found in 44(97.8%). Average size of enlarged lymph node was 3.1+-1.0 cm. Mesenteric lymphnodes were enlarge in 40(88.89%), paraaortic 8(17.78%), retroperitoneal 4(8.89%) while peripancreatic and porta hepatic in 3(6.67%). splenomegaly was noted in 14(31.1%) cases. Hepatomegaly was found in 6 cases, who all were male. Ascites was evident in 5(11.1%) patients. Extensive involvement, defined as involvement of two or more intraabdominal sites, was found 24(53.3%) cases. There was no statistically significant difference found among these USG findings and CD4 count.Conclusions: The findings of lymphadenopathy (size>15mm) and hypoechoic/necrotic echotexture, hepatosplenomegaly with hypoechoic lesions in ultrasonography are suggestive of abdominal tuberculosis in HIV infected patients with unexplained nonspecific symptoms and low CD4 count.  However, above findings are not standardized and inability to confirm the diagnosis of tuberculosis by direct microscopy and culture is the limitation of this study. Ultrasonography is an affordable, widely available, non-invasive imaging modality which may be optimally utilized for the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis in HIV infected patients, especially in the rural setup where microbiological and other sophisticated radiological investigations have limited availability.

Abstract P189: Factors Associated With Stenosis on Invasive Coronary Angiography for Persons Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLWH): The HIV Electronic Comprehensive Cohort of CVD Complications (HIVE-4CVD)

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Furman ◽  
Robert Riestenberg ◽  
Anna Pawlowski ◽  
Daniel Schneider ◽  
Donald M Lloyd-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Coronary Stenosis ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Invasive Coronary Angiography ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stenosis Severity ◽  
Significant Coronary Stenosis

Background: Persons living with HIV (PLWH) have greater risks for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) than uninfected persons. However, data are sparse regarding HIV-specific factors associated with coronary atherosclerosis. Methods: HIVE-4CVD is an electronic data repository of demographic and clinical data collected during the routine clinical care of 5041 PLWH and 10082 uninfected controls frequency matched on age, sex, race, zip code, and clinic location receiving care at Northwestern Medicine from 1/1/2000 to 5/17/2017. Using validated natural language extraction algorithms, we analyzed data on coronary stenosis severity for the 286 PLWH and 266 uninfected controls in HIVE-4CVD who underwent coronary angiography. Stenosis severity was recorded as the highest percentage of stenosis noted for each patient in each artery (LAD, LCx, RCA). Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for demographics and CVD risk factors were used to evaluate odds of significant (≥50%) coronary stenosis (1) for PLWH versus uninfected controls and (2) across different levels of HIV viremia and immune suppression among PLWH. Results: Of the 286 PLWH and 266 uninfected controls undergoing coronary angiography, 205 (55.4%) PLWH vs. 165 (44.6%) uninfected controls had diagnoses of myocardial infarction (p=0.02). The location and severity of coronary stenoses did not differ significantly for PLWH vs. uninfected controls; mean maximal overall stenosis and mean maximal LAD, RCA, and LCx stenoses were 52.3% vs. 50.2% (p=0.52), 44.5% vs. 42.3% (p=0.48), 37.0% vs. 36.1% (p=0.78) and 31.4% vs. 31.6% (p=0.95) respectively. There was no significant difference in odds of having significant coronary stenosis for PLWH vs. uninfected controls (multivariable-adjusted OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.79-1.70). Among PLWH, peak HIV viral load was associated with borderline significantly greater odds of ≥50% coronary stenosis after adjustment for demographics, CVD risk factors, and HIV therapies (OR 1.07 per 10-fold greater peak HIV viral load, 95% CI 1.00-1.14, p=0.04), but lower Nadir CD4+ T cell count (<200 vs. ≥200 cells/mm 3 ) was not (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.74-1.48, p=0.79). Conclusions: There was no consistent or significant difference in severity of coronary artery stenosis among PLWH and uninfected controls undergoing invasive coronary angiography in the course of routine clinical care. Higher peak HIV viral load is associated with borderline significantly greater odds of having significant coronary stenosis among PLWH undergoing invasive coronary angiography.

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