scholarly journals Classification and assessment of agricultural potential of the lower Niger floodplain soils of Atani, Southeastern Nigeria

Agro-Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
F.C. Okenmuo ◽  
C.O. Anochie ◽  
M.E. Ukabiala ◽  
C.L.A. Asadu ◽  
P.K. Kefas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Agricultural Potential ◽  
Capability Evaluation

The soils of Atani floodplain in Anambra State of Nigeria contribute significantly to the food production of the State, hence the need to understand their behavior in order to enhance their management and productivity. Profile pits were sited along three physiographic units viz: levee crest, levee  slope and flood basin. Soil samples were collected from the profile horizons and subjected to standard laboratory procedures. Characterization of the soils was based on their morphological, physical and chemical properties. Soil classification was carried out using the USDA Soil Taxonomy and correlated with FAO/IUSS World Reference Base. Its agricultural potential was assessed using the fertility capability classification. The soils were deep. Topsoil colour was dominantly blackish black (10YR 3/2). Mottles were pervasive; an indication of impeded drainage conditions. The soils were predominantly fine textured. Soil pH values ranged from 4.8 to 6.2. Exchangeable Calcium was low to moderate (2.6-8.2 cmol kg−1); Magnesium was moderate to high (1.6-6.8 cmol kg−1); Sodium was high to very high (1.0-2.5 cmol kg−1), while potassium was high (1.2-4.2 cmol kg−1). Cation  exchange capacity values ranged from 11.6 to 42.6 cmol kg−1. Total nitrogen was very low to low (0.14-1.12 g kg−1), while organic carbon was low to moderate (0.4-15.2 g kg−1). Available phosphorus was very low to high ranging from 0.93 to 31.71 mg kg−1 while base saturation ranged from 64 to 93%. The soils were classified as Typic Fluvaquents (Typic Fluvisols), Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts (Endostagnic Cambisols) and Fluventic Endoaquepts (Endostagnic Cambisols) according to the USDA and FAO/IUSS. The fertility capability evaluation of the soils revealed that the pedons were Lgn in classification due to limitations in drainage. Key words: alluvium, cambic horizon, Inceptisols, lithologic discontinuity

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF TROPICAL RAINFOREST SOILS FORMED FROM DIFFERENT GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS IN SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Chike Onyeke Madueke ◽  
Ikokwu Kalu Okore ◽  
Ebubechukwu Chizoba Maduekeh ◽  
Akudo Ogechukwu Onunwa ◽  
Maduabuchi Johnbosco Okafor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Clay Shales ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
Study Sites

Data on the nature, properties and potentials of soils is grossly inadequate in the rainforest belt of southeastern Nigeria. As such, policymakers and other land users have tended to subscribe to unduly generalized ideas about the soils of the region. This has led to improper land use planning and aggravated land degradation. This necessitated the need for the comparative evaluation of the nature and potentials of the soils of the region to determine their degree of variability. Profile pits were dug in four towns underlain by different geologic formations: Umungwa (Benin Formation), Umuawa Ogii (Nsukka Formation), Ikpem (Igbaku Sandstones) and Amuro (Imo Clay Shales). The soils were characterized and classified using the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Soil Taxonomy and land capability classification. The variability of soils across the different sites was subsequently analysed using the coefficient of variation (CV). The results show that the variability of sand across the study sites was moderate (20 – 21 %), silt was high (63 %), clay ranged from moderate (34 %) to high (52 %), while hydraulic conductivity was very high (128 – 144 %). Similarly, with regards to the chemical properties, soil pH and base saturation ranged from moderate (20 – 49 %) to high (52 %), while effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) and aluminium saturation were high (70 – 77 %). It was concluded that the soils of southeastern Nigeria are very heterogeneous. Undue generalization should consequently be discouraged.

scholarly journals Liming Effects of Sawdust Ash and Lime on Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Yield in Acidic Soil of Southeastern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
C. V. Ogbenna ◽  
V. E. Osodeke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Head Weight

Aim: A pot experiment was carried out to determine the effect of sawdust ash and lime (Ca(OH)2) on soil characteristics and yield of sunflower in acidic soil of southeastern Nigeria. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in split-plot design, using sawdust ash (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 t ha-1) as the sub plot and lime (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 t ha-1) as the main plot. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted outdoors at Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Nigeria, during the 2010 planting season. Materials and Methods: Treatment combinations were applied to the 60 buckets containing soil, mixed thoroughly and watered adequately. After 1 week of treatment application, two sunflower seeds were planted and later thinned to one seedling per bucket. Plant growth and yield data were collected. Pre planting and post-harvest soil samples were collected and analyzed for soil properties. Results: Results showed that with the exception of organic carbon there was significant effect of treatments on all soil chemical properties. Lime and sawdust ash (SDA) as single and combined treatments significantly increased total nitrogen (P=0.05), available phosphorus (P<0.010), and base saturation (P<0.012). The interaction between SDA and lime significantly (P=0.05) increased total exchangeable bases and effective cation exchange capacity, while soil pH was significantly increased (P=0.05) by single applications. The increases in soil chemical properties led to significant positive response of the sunflower. With the exception of number of leaves, other plant parameters (Plant height, stem diameter, head weight, 50 seed weight, head diameter) had significant increases for sawdust ash alone at P=0.05. Correlation studies showed positive significant relationship between soil pH and sunflower yield. Conclusion: The study showed that sunflower performed best at the combination of 3 tha-1 SDA and 1.5 t ha-1 lime producing a mean head weight of 45.4 g.

scholarly journals Characterization and Classification of The Soils of Bukuru-Jos, North Central Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-86
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Total N ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
World Reference Base

Twelve profile pits were sunk, four in each of the three locations of Bukuru, the study area. Proper soil profile description was done and recorded to obtain field characterization data after which thirty-six soil samples were collected from all the genetic horizons for soil characterization. Bukuru soils showed higher sand fraction (71%) than silt (12%) and clay (17%) at the topsoil but showed increased clay content at the subsoil. While Gyel and Fwarti locations soils were sandy loam, Rabi location soil was sandy clay loam. Soil pH, Organic carbon (Org. C), Total Nitrogen (Total N), and Available phosphorus (Avail. P) were 6.2, 6.3 gkg- 1, 1.9 gkg-1 and 4.82 mgkg-1respectively and were graded low. Exchangeable bases were dominated by Ca2+ and Mg2+. Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Cal- cium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) were 0.24 cmolkg-1, 0.06 cmolkg-1, 15.7 cmolkg-1 and 2.60 cmolkg-1 respectively. While Na+ and K+ were graded low, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were graded high. Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) was 18.82 cmolkg-1, and was graded high. All the soil samples analysed showed high per- centage base saturation (PBS), above 90%. The low values of Org. C, Total N, Na and K and the characteristic sandiness of Bukuru soils in the surface horizon indicated the low fertility status of Bukuru soils. Bukuru soils were classified using the Keys to Soil taxonomy of the USDA as “Typic isothermic kandic us- talfs”. This was correlated to “Lixisols” in the World Reference Base (WRB) of FAO at a higher level and "Rhodic/Chromic" as a principal qualifier. .

scholarly journals Rice Husk Dust and NPK Improve Soil Chemical Properties and Growth Response of Jatropha

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
E. O. Azu Donatus ◽  
B. A. Essien ◽  
O. U. Nwanja ◽  
P. E. Nweke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity

The present study investigated the combined effect of rice husk dust (RHD) (0.1.2.3.4 and 5 ton ha-1) and NPK 10:10:10 fertilizer (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 ton ha-1) arranged factorially in Randomized Complete Block Design(RCBD)on selected soil fertility indices (pH, organic carbon, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable bases, exchangeable acidity and effective cation exchange capacity) and growth parameters of Jatropha (number of leaves, plant height, number of branches and stem girth) in an ultisol of southeastern Nigeria. Results showed significant (P<0.05) improvement in all soil chemical properties and growth parameters of plant compared to control which had no treatment. However, the effects varied with treatment levels and interactions. While the effects increased with rate of application, interactions consistently showed superior effect on all parameters studied. Thus, combining rice husk dust (RHD) and NPK may increase the soil fertility and growth of Jatropha. Treatments combination of5tonha-1 RHD and 3tonha-1 NPK and 5tonha-1 RHD and 5tonha-1 NPK relatively gave the most appreciable result in soil chemical properties and growth of Jatropha respectively, thus are recommended.

scholarly journals Effect of different Slums on Selected Soil Properties in Abakaliki Southeastern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Njoku C. ◽  
Okoro G.C.
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Dispersion Ratio

A study was conducted at Abakaliki to determine the effect of slums on soil physicochem- ical properties. Four replicate samples were collected from the four slum locations and control using auger and core for disturbed and undisturbed soil samples, respectively. The soil samples collected were taken to laboratory and analysed for bulk density, total porosi- ty, mean weight diameter, aggregate stability, dispersion ratio, pH, available phosphorus, total nitrogen, organic carbon, C/N ratio, total exchangeable bases, exchangeable acidity, effective cation exchange capacity, base saturation and heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Sn). The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) based on CRD and difference between treatment means were dictated using F-LSD. Except for dispersion ratio which is non-significant, all the parameters studied showed significant (p < 0.05) changes with respect to the different locations studied. The result showed lower improve- ment in soil physical and chemical properties in slums than control. On the other hand Cd, Cu, Pb, and Sn were higher in slums than control. Similarly, these heavy metals observed were higher than the usual range in soils. Thus, the study suggests that slum soils should not be used for crop production since they are associated with heavy metal pollutions and also lack the essential nutrients required by crop for performance

scholarly journals Adsorption of Copper in Soil and its Dependence on Physical and Chemical Properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vítězslav Vlček ◽  
Miroslav Pohanka
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Copper Adsorption ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil samples (n = 11) were collected in the chernozem areas of the Czech Republic (the Central Europe) from the topsoil and used as representative samples. All sampling areas have been used for agricultural purposes (arable soil) and they were selected as typical representatives of agricultural soil. These samples represented the soil with same genesis (to reduction differencies between soil types) but with different soil properties (physical and chemical). Complete chemical and physical analyses were made for confirmation of copper adsorption on solid phase: we analysed the particle size distribution, content of oxidizable carbon (Cox), the cation exchange capacity (CEC), supply of exchange calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus and potassium, soil reaction and the total supply of Fe, Al, Mn, Ca, Mg, K, P and N. The strongest simple correlation between analysed soil properties and copper concentration had content of available magnesium (r = 0.44) and available phosphorus (r = −0.51). In the case of multiple correlations (i. e. collective influence of multiple soil properties) had the strongest influence combination of clay, soil reaction, total content of phosphorus, available magnesium and available phosphorus. The main influence of phosphorus and magnesium is evident. We suppose that copper and phosphorus enter into specific complex. Influence of these five soil properties can explain 92.7 % (r = 0.927) changes in the content of copper changes in the experiment.

scholarly journals Characterization, classification and suitability evaluation of soils under sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivation at the Sugar Research Farm, University of Ilorin, Nigeria

Agro-Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
O.N. Ajala ◽  
T.A. Adjadeh ◽  
J.O. Olaniyan ◽  
T.O. Isimikalu ◽  
E.K. Nartey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Suitability Evaluation ◽  
Reconnaissance Survey ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
The University

A reconnaissance survey conducted at the University of Ilorin Sugar Research Farm (USRF) revealed four dominant soils at Site 1 (USRF1) and one at Site 2 (USRF2). The soils were characterized and classified according to both the Soil Taxonomy (ST) and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB). Also, the suitability of the soils for sugarcane cultivation was evaluated using the limitation approach. While the USRF1 soils were reddish, the USRF2 soil was greyish due to poor drainage. The USRF1 soils were loamy sand with the AB-horizons of pedons II and III being gravelly. Pedon V had sandy loam surface, sandy clay loam subsurface and clay loam subsoil. The USRF1 soils were moderately acid while the USRF2 soil was slightly acid to slightly alkaline. Exchangeable calcium (Ca2+) content of the USRF2 soil which averaged 4.00 cmolc kg–1 was 2-3 times higher than that of the USRF1 soils. The USRF2 soil also contained higher Mg2+, K+ and Na+, 2-3 folds higher effective cation exchange capacity and > 10 folds higher soil organic carbon (with mean of 11.60 g kg–1) and total nitrogen (mean of 0.94 g kg–1). Under ST, pedons I and IV classified as Typic Haplustepts, II and III as Lithic Haplustepts and V as a Kanhaplic Haplustalf. Under WRB, pedons I and IV classified as Eutric Regosols (arenic), II and III as Endo-pisoplinthic Cambisols (arenic) and V as a Gleyic Lixisol (loamic). Pedon V was highly suitable (85.25%), I and IV moderately suitable (64.53%), II marginally suitable (47.40%) and III unsuitable (35.62%) for sugarcane cultivation.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of a Detailed and Semi-Detailed Soil Mapping for Sustainable Land Management Using Conventional and Currently Applied Methodologies in Greece

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orestis Kairis ◽  
Vassiliki Dimitriou ◽  
Chrysoula Aratzioglou ◽  
Dionisios Gasparatos ◽  
Nicholas Yassoglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Classification ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Soil Mapping ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
Soil Surveys

Two soil mapping methodologies at different scales applied in the same area were compared in order to investigate the potential of their combined use to achieve an integrated and more accurate soil description for sustainable land use management. The two methodologies represent the main types of soil mapping systems used and still applied in soil surveys in Greece. Diomedes Botanical Garden (DBG) (Athens, Greece) was used as a study area because past cartographic data of soil survey were available. The older soil survey data were obtained via the conventional methodology extensively used over time since the beginnings of soil mapping in Greece (1977). The second mapping methodology constitutes the current soil mapping system in Greece recently used for compilation of the national soil map. The obtained cartographic and soil data resulting from the application of the two methodologies were analyzed and compared using appropriate geospatial techniques. Even though the two mapping methodologies have been performed at different mapping scales, using partially different mapping symbols and different soil classification systems, the description of the soils based on the cartographic symbols of the two methodologies presented an agreement of 63.7% while the soil classification by the two taxonomic systems namely Soil Taxonomy and World Reference Base for Soil Resources had an average coincidence of 69.5%.

Soils and relief relationships in subalpine grasslands in the Central Pyrenees (NE, Spain)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Badía-Villas ◽  
Lucía Buendía-García ◽  
Luis Alberto Longares-Aladrén ◽  
José Luis Peña-Monné ◽  
Clara Martí-Dalmau
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Nardus Stricta ◽  
Mountain Environments ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Central Pyrenees ◽  
Ne Spain

&lt;p&gt;On two accumulation levels, separated by an unevenness up to 2 m, two contrasted plant communities can be differentiated in subalpine stage of the Pyrenees: the dense tussock-forming grass &lt;em&gt;Nardus stricta&lt;/em&gt;, at the upper level (L1), and the open chalk grasslands at the lower level (L2). In order to confirm the soil-relief-grasslands relationships, we analyzed and compared soil pedogenesis and properties in both accumulation levels. In addition, we classify the soils following WRB and ST systems and we discuss the finesse of both taxonomies in these high mountain environments. The work has been carried out at 1900 masl, in the Ordesa and Monte Perdido National Park (PNOMP), in the summer grasslands site of La Estiva (Fanlo, Central Pyrenees, NE Spain). Five soil pits were studied in every accumulation level (L1 and L2) for a side-by-side comparison.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160; The study of soils in the two levels of accumulation reveals a series of differences in their genesis, properties and soil classification. The accumulation of organic matter and lixiviation are the dominant edafogenetic processes in L1, to which we must add the rejuvenation by gully erosion in L2. Soils at L1 and L2 shared many physical properties as a fine granulometry, with a homogeneous particle-size distribution with depth. In both levels, the soils lack carbonates, even though limestones are the parental material. The soils in L1 have a greater thickness and, thus, a higher water holding capacity than in L2. In relation to chemical properties, soils in L1 have a significantly lower pH, a lower base saturation, and lower available calcium content than in L2, reflecting a more intense leaching process, consistent with a longer period of slope stability. Over L1 with &lt;em&gt;Nardus&lt;/em&gt; mat-grasslands, the main soil is classified as Orthoeutric Cambisols (Clayic, Humic), and the soil over L2, with chalk-grasslands, as Hypereutric Leptosols (Loamic, Ochric). Soil taxonomy System (USDA), giving more weight to the temperature regime, classify both soils as Haplocryept, at the level of great group, separating them at the subgroup level as Typic Haplocryept (L1) and Lithic Haplocryept (L2), according to the depth at which limestone appears (lithic contact). Definitely, the microtopograhy and geomorphologic context, is linked to the pedodiversity, which goes hand in hand with plant diversity in this subalpine environment.&lt;/p&gt;

The World Reference Base for Soils (WRB) and Soil Taxonomy: an appraisal of their application to the soils of the Northern Rivers of New South Wales

Soil Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Morand
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The World ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
Northern Rivers ◽  
Soil Surveys

Few soil surveys in New South Wales have utilised international soil classifications. Extensive morphological and laboratory data collected during soil surveys in the Northern Rivers region provided a strong basis for correlation with the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB), Soil Taxonomy (ST), and the Australian Soil Classification (ASC). Of the 32 reference soil groups comprising the WRB, 20 were present locally; nine of the 12 ST orders were present. After re-classification of soils, correlation of the ASC with the WRB and ST was undertaken. Soils not requiring extensive laboratory analysis for classification and sharing similar central concepts were the more straightforward to correlate. Several ASC orders have unique central concepts and were therefore difficult to correlate with any one WRB reference soil group or ST order/suborder. Other soils were difficult to correlate due to differences in definitions of similar diagnostic criteria. This is most applicable to soils with strong texture-contrast and those with natric conditions. Such soils are not adequately differentiated to suit the Northern Rivers conditions. Of the two international schemes, the WRB was easier to apply locally due to the relative simplicity of the scheme. Considering certain aspects of Australian soils would improve the applicability of the WRB as a truly international framework for soil classification and correlation. Amendments to both the ASC and WRB are suggested.

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