Review Article: Dyslipidaemia, Lipid Oxidation, And Free Radicals In Diabetic Nephropathy: An Overview

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
DS Mshelia ◽  
HU Pindiga
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Review Article

scholarly journals Recent advances in managing and understanding diabetic nephropathy

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney C.W. Tang ◽  
Gary C.W. Chan ◽  
Kar Neng Lai
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Diabetic nephropathy is the commonest cause of end-stage renal disease in most developed economies. Current standard of care for diabetic nephropathy embraces stringent blood pressure control via blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and glycemia control. Recent understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy has led to the development of novel therapeutic options. This review article focuses on available data from landmark studies on the main therapeutic approaches and highlights some novel management strategies.

Free radical formation in freeze-dried raw milk in relation to its α-tocopherol level

1999 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
HENRIK STAPELFELDT ◽  
KIRSTEN NYHOLM NIELSEN ◽  
SØREN KROGH JENSEN ◽  
LEIF H. SKIBSTED
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Lipid Oxidation Products ◽  
Esr Spectrometry

Lipid oxidation in milk and dairy products is a chain reaction initiated by formation of free radicals (Richardson & Korycka-Dahl, 1983). Thanks to intensive studies on both model systems and actual food, the autocatalytic process, including the formation of secondary lipid oxidation products from the lipid hydroperoxides formed initially, is fairly well understood. However, actually predicting the rate at which the first free radicals leading to spontaneous oxidation are formed in milk from different cows awaits the development of new analytical methods with higher specificity and sensitivity (Nicholson, 1993; Barrefors et al. 1995). Such methods would also be valuable for predicting the stability and shelf life of dried dairy products, which are determined by oxidative phenomena. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry has the potential for detecting the early events in lipid oxidation, as it is the only spectrometric method that will directly detect the unpaired electron characteristic of the free radical and it is, moreover, a highly sensitive method (Brudvig, 1995). ESR spectrometry has recently been shown to provide quantitative information on the level of free radicals in milk powder that correlates with the level of secondary oxidation products developed upon reconstitution and that also correlates with subsequent sensory evaluation (Nielsen et al. 1997; Stapelfeldt et al. 1997a, b, c). However, in order to explore further the potential of this method for raw milk, it was considered valuable to measure the tendency of milk to form free radicals in relation to its level of α-tocopherol, the most important lipophilic chain-breaking antioxidant (cf. Kamal-Eldin & Appelqvist, 1996).

scholarly journals MOLECULAR BASES OF ATEROGENESIS

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
P.A. Storozhenko ◽  
M.M. Rasulov ◽  
I.V. Zhigacheva ◽  
V.M. Gukasov ◽  
L.L. Myakinkova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Molecular Bases

The review article provides evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. Such aspects as the mechanism of mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction, the formation of reactive forms of oxygen radicals, the regulation of their formation and their «targets», the mechanisms of vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, the formation of free radicals and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction with various risk factors for atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Oilseeds as Functional Foods: Content and Composition of Many Phytochemicals and Therapeutic Alternatives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aicha O. Cherif
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Dna Mutations ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives

Oilseeds composition has been studied extensively, but recently it has been thoroughly investigated considering especially the phytochemicals representing the minor components. This interest is connected with the activity of such compounds against cardiovascular diseases, lipid oxidation, protein cross-linking and DNA mutations and hemostasis function, which prevent the attack of biomolecules by free radicals. This chapter book could aim to give an overview of the different uses of several oilseeds as bioactive foods, focusing on their active constituents (phytosterols, polyphenols, tocopherols, tocotrienols, and carotenoids) and their content in oilseeds. We will also focus on the beneficial aspects of theses nutraceuticals in human health.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF FLAVONOID LEVELS OF AlCl3 METHODE IN THE EXTRACT OF METANOL FLOWERS (Clitoria ternatea L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
Anita Agustina Styawan ◽  
Gandis Rohmanti
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Red Color

Telang flowers is one of the medicinal plants that can grow well in Indonesia, but have not been widely used. Previous research stated that methanol extract of telang flowers had secondary metabolite compounds such as tannin, saponin, flavonoid and alkaloid. Flavonoid are natural compounds that have the potential as antioxidants that can capture free radicals that play a role in the emergence of degenerative diseases throught the mechanisme of damage to the body’s immune system, lipid oxidation and protein.The purpose of this study was to determine whether telang flowers content was determined whether by the AlCl3 method and measured by using UV-Vis Spektrophotometry from the methanol extract of telang flowers.The results of this study indicate that the methanol extract of telang flowers contains flavonoid with red color. The level of flavonoids intended is 4.65%.  

Antioxidants, Carnitine, and Choline as Putative Ergogenic Aids

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (s1) ◽  
pp. S120-S131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell M. Kanter ◽  
Melvin H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamins ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Potential Efficacy

Three nutritional products that have very different mechanisms of action are antioxidant vitamins, carnitine, and choline. Antioxidant vitamins do not appear to have a direct effect on physical performance in well-fed people but have been touted for their ability to detoxify potentially damaging free radicals produced during exercise. Carnitine purportedly enhances lipid oxidation, increases VO2max, and decreases plasma lactate accumulation during exercise. However, studies of carnitine do not generally support its use for ergogenic purposes. Choline supplements have been advocated as a means of preventing the decline in acetylcholine production purported to occur during exercise; this decline may reduce the transmission of contraction-generating impulses across the skeletal muscle, an effect that could impair one’s ability to perform muscular work. However, there are no definitive studies in humans that justify choline supplementation. Much of the scientific data regarding the aforementioned nutrients are equivocal and contradictory. Their potential efficacy for improving physical performance remains largely theoretical.

The role of protein-derived free radicals as intermediaries of oxidative processes

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo López-Alarcón ◽  
Andrea Arenas ◽  
Eduardo Lissi ◽  
Eduardo Silva
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Reactive Species ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Main Target ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
Protein Radicals

AbstractThe fact that proteins are the main target of reactive species formed in the cells and extracellular fluids has led to the realization of a great deal of research devoted to revealing the molecular and biological consequences associated with the presence of intermediary protein radicals. This review article describes and comments upon the main chemical pathways involving primary proteic radicals.

scholarly journals The Altered Water System: Excess Levels of Free Radicals Contribute to Carcinogenesis by Altering Arginine Vasopressin Production and Secretion and Promoting Dysregulated Water Homeostasis in Concert with Other Factors

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Amy Marie Beutler ◽  
Bradford N. Strand
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Water System ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Radical Species ◽  
Water Homeostasis ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

A large body of evidence accumulated during the last decade has revealed diverse roles of dysregulated water homeostasis in tumorigenesis. In particular, many tumors hypersecrete arginine vasopressin (AVP) causing hypoosmolar conditions associated with different cancers. Excess levels of free radicals and nonosmotic stimuli may act as signals in water homeostasis and induce the production and secretion of AVP. Hypoosmolar conditions cause alterations in the expression of many genes. Other alterations in hydration patterns may induce mutations and increase the levels of protein kinases to contribute to oncogenesis. Furthermore, AVP regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and angiogenesis, and its overproduction may contribute to tumor growth and metabolism. This review article describes a mechanism by which oxygen radical species and other free radicals act as signaling molecules that, in concert with increased AVP production and secretion, pleiotropically affect tumor growth and metabolism, resulting in dysregulated proliferation, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and genomic instability.

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