scholarly journals Distribution et dégâts associés au thrips de l’oignon, Thrips tabaci L. (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) en fonction de la zone agro-climatique au Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 2037-2048
Author(s):  
Abdoulaye Savadogo ◽  
Boniface Babo Bakouan ◽  
Mathieu Wendnéyidé Sawadogo ◽  
Karim Nébié ◽  
Rémy Dabiré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
Plateau Central

L’oignon est le premier légume produit au Burkina Faso. Thrips tabaci constitue son principal insecte ravageur. Ce travail avait pour objectif  d’évaluer la distribution, l’incidence et la sévérité des attaques de T. tabaci sur l’oignon. L’étude a été réalisée dans trois bassins de production  représentatifs de deux zones agroécologiques du Burkina Faso : la zone sahélienne caractérisée par une pluviosité moyenne annuelle inférieure à 600 mm et une température moyenne annuelle de 35 °C ; contre une pluviosité moyenne annuelle comprise entre 600 et 900 mm et une  température moyenne annuelle de 33 °C pour la zone nord soudanienne Nous avons réalisé des prospections dans 45 parcelles paysannes dans les zones de production ciblées. Des plantes d’oignon ont été prélevées dans trois quadrats posés sur une des diagonales de chaque parcelle, et les thrips trouvés sur chaque plante de chaque quadrat comptés. Tous les plants à l’intérieur du quadrat ont été donc observés. La densité moyenne la plus élevée (216 ±385 thrips au m2) a été observée dans la région du Nord tandis que l’incidence moyenne la plus élevée (95,91±8,92%) a été observée dans la Boucle du Mouhoun. La plus faible sévérité (19,29±13,27%) a été enregistrée dans le Plateau central. Cette étude est un premier pas vers le développement de stratégies alternatives de lutte contre les parasites dans le cadre de systèmes de production végétale durables à l’aide de bonnes pratiques agricoles et de l’utilisation des pesticides biologiques.Mots clés : Oignon, Thrips tabaci, incidence, sévérité, répartition, Burkina Faso.   English Title: Distribution and damage associated with the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci L. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) according to the agro-climatic zone in Burkina FasoOnion is the first vegetable produced in Burkina Faso. Thrips tabaci is its main insect pest. We assessed the distribution, incidence and severity of T. tabaci attacks on onion in three-production areas representative of two agroecological zones of Burkina Faso: the the Sahelian zone characterized by an average annual rainfall of less than 600 mm and an average annual temperature of 35 °C; compared to an average annual rainfall of between 600 and 900 mm and an average annual temperature of 33 °C for the northern Sudanian zone. We carried out surveys in 45 farmer plots in the targeted production zones. Thus, onion plants were taken from three quadrats placed on one of the diagonals of each plot, and the thrips found on each plant were counted. All plants within the quadrat were therefore observed. The highest average density (216±385 thrips per m²) was observed in the North while the highest average incidence (95.91±8.92%) was observed in the Boucle du Mouhoun. The lowest severity (19.29±13.27%) was recorded in the Plateau central region. This study is a first step towards the development of alternative pest control strategies within sustainable crop production systems using good agricultural practices and the use of biopesticides.Keywords: Onion, Thrips tabaci, incidence, severity, distribution, Burkina Faso.

scholarly journals Managing Onion Thrips can Limit Bacterial Stalk and Leaf Necrosis in Michigan Onion Fields

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 938-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Grode ◽  
E. Brisco-McCann ◽  
P. Wiriyajitsonboom ◽  
M. K. Hausbeck ◽  
Z. Szendrei
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Leaf Necrosis ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Thrips Population ◽  
Reduce Disease Severity

Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) is a major insect pest of onion and it has been identified as a likely vector of Pantoea agglomerans (bacterial stalk and leaf necrosis), a relatively new pathogen to Michigan’s onion industry. Our objective was to develop an integrated insect and disease management program by examining the efficacy of bactericides and insecticides alone and in combination to limit bacterial stalk and leaf necrosis caused by P. agglomerans. We also examined the association of onion thrips and disease incidence in the field, because thrips are known to transmit this pathogen. In the pesticide trial, insecticides reduced both thrips abundance and bacterial stalk and leaf necrosis incidence whereas bactericides alone did not reduce disease severity. Positive correlations among thrips population density, numbers of thrips positive for P. agglomerans, and bacterial stalk and leaf necrosis incidence in onion fields were determined. This study suggests that onion thrips feeding can facilitate the development of bacterial stalk and leaf necrosis in Michigan’s commercial onion fields, and results from the pesticide trials indicate that thrips feeding damage is positively correlated with disease incidence. Therefore, in order to reduce bacterial stalk and leaf necrosis incidence in onion, management efforts should include reducing onion thrips populations through the use of insecticides and other cultural practices.

scholarly journals Monitoring onion crops for onion thrips Thrips tabaci

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
N.A. Martin ◽  
P.J. Workman ◽  
D. Hedderley
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Before And After

Onion thrips Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera Thripidae) is the main insect pest on New Zealand onions The onion industry recommends monitoring 50 or 100 plants in 10 or 20 groups of 5 plants and applying a cluster of insecticides when populations reach 01 thrips/plant The robustness of these guidelines was tested by monitoring six crops before and after the first cluster of insecticides Two people each recorded the numbers of adult and larval thrips in each crop on each occasion using the following strategies (1) 100 randomly stratified plants (2) 20 groups of five plants randomly selected from 1 m2 and (3) 20 groups of five adjacent plants giving a total of 300 plants sampled When sampling 100 plants estimates of thrips/plant were similar for each of the three sampling strategies However to obtain a particular level of precision fewer plants could be sampled using stratified randomly selected plants than groups of five plants

scholarly journals The Evolution and Influencing Factors of Total Factor Productivity of Grain Production Environment: Evidence from Poyang Lake Basin, China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Bingfei Bao ◽  
Anli Jiang ◽  
Shengtian Jin ◽  
Rui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Poyang Lake ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Industrial Agglomeration ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
Sown Area ◽  
Growing Population

The total factor productivity (hereafter TFP) of grain production is important to achieve balanced development, while environmental factors are an important part of TEP. In order to explore the characteristics and patterns of the temporal and spatial evolution of the environmental total factor productivity (hereafter ETFP), the Malmquist-Luerberger index, and the spatial autoregressive panel (SAR panel) model were adopted to analyze the evolutionary rules and the influencing factors of ETFP. In this study, we took Poyang Lake, one of China’s main grain production areas, as a study area, and carried out empirical research based on grain production statistical data. The results show that: (1) ETFP shows a growth trend with the increase of grain production from 2001 to 2017, and a great potential for improvement exists. Moreover, from the perspective of time sequence evolution and decomposition of ETFP, which belongs to the dual-track driver of environmental technical efficiency and environmental technological progress, relevant technologies play an important role in promoting the improvement of TEFP; (2) Given that the objective conditions of gain production remain unchanged, the fact that the urbanization rate and average annual rainfall have a negative effect on ETFP, the explanatory variables such as the business scale per worker, the proportion of grain growing population, industrial agglomeration, the proportion of grain sown area and the average annual temperature all play a positive role. Among the variables, the business scale per worker and the proportion of grain growing population significantly affect ETFP at the 1% level. The average annual rainfall, industrial agglomeration and the proportion of grain sown area significantly affect the ETFP at the 5% level. The average annual temperature significantly affects the ETFP at the 10% level.

scholarly journals Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Amounts and Types of Epicuticular Waxes in Onion

2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Damon ◽  
Michael J. Havey
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Chromosome 5 ◽  
Epicuticular Wax Biosynthesis

Natural variation exists in onion (Allium cepa L.) for amounts and types of epicuticular waxes on leaves. Wild-type waxy onion possesses copious amounts of these waxes, whereas the foliage of semiglossy and glossy phenotypes accumulates significantly less wax. Reduced amounts of epicuticular waxes have been associated with resistance to onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman), an important insect pest of onion. A segregating family from the cross of waxy and semiglossy onions was used to map single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and identify chromosome regions affecting amounts and types of epicuticular waxes as measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The amount of the primary epicuticular wax on onion leaves, hentriacontanone-16, was controlled by one region on chromosome 5. One region on chromosome 2 affected concentrations of several primary fatty alcohols. Results indicate that the region on chromosome 2 may be associated with the acyl reduction pathway, and the region on chromosome 5 may affect the decarbonylation pathway of epicuticular wax biosynthesis. Because lower amounts of epicuticular waxes are recessively inherited, SNPs tagging regions on chromosomes 2 and 5 will be useful for marker-assisted breeding to vary amounts and types of epicuticular waxes on onion foliage with the goal to develop cultivars resistant to onion thrips.

scholarly journals A FLORESTA AMAZÔNICA E A ÁGUA DA CHUVA

FLORESTA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niro Higuchi ◽  
Joaquim dos Santos ◽  
Adriano José Nogueira Lima ◽  
Francisco Gasparetto Higuchi ◽  
Jeffrey Quintin Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Amazonian Trees

O artigo “A floresta amazônica e a água da chuva” apresenta que a precipitação média anual é a principal variável meteorológica para o setor florestal da Amazônia. A temperatura média anual varia pouco dentro da Amazônia Legal - apenas 8%. A precipitação média anual apresenta uma variação maior, quase 100%. O crescimento e incremento das árvores amazônicas apresentam correlações significativas com a precipitação. A precipitação interanual apresenta sinais mais fortes que a intra-anual, para explicar essas correlações. Apenas o crescimento e incremento não são suficientes para determinar se a floresta está sequestrando ou emitindo carbono. As taxas de mortalidade e recrutamento desempenham papel importante para estimar esse balanço. Elas apresentam relações intrínsecas com a precipitação. A falta ou excesso de chuvas influencia, principalmente, nas taxas de mortalidade. Na escala regional, a falta de chuvas tem contribuído com o aumento da mortalidade das árvores amazônicas; na escala de comunidades, é o excesso de chuvas que mais contribui para o aumento da mortalidade. São apresentados os resultados das ocorrências de dois fenômenos meteorológicos no mesmo ano, que atingiu a região amazônica. Numa escala de comunidade utilizando três parcelas permanentes (1 ha), os resultados são analisados para dimensionar os efeitos dos dois fenômenos na floresta.Palavras-chave: Taxa de mortalidade; seca; downburst; dinâmica. AbstractThe Amazon Forest and the rain. The article "The Amazon Forest and the rain" shows that the average annual rainfall is the main weather variable for the forestry sector in the Amazon. The average annual temperature has little variation in the Amazon; only 8%. The average annual rainfall has a greater variation, almost 100%. The growth and increment of Amazonian trees show significant correlations with precipitation. The interannual precipitation presents stronger signals than the intra-annual one to explain these correlations. Only the growth and increment of trees are not enought to determine whether the forest is sequestering or emitting carbon. Mortality and recruitment rates play an important role to estimate this balance. These rates have intrinsic relationships with rainfall. The lack or excess of rain influence, mainly, mortality rates. On a regional scale, the lack of rain has contributed to the increased mortality of tropical rainforest trees; in the range of communities is the heavy rainfall that contributes to increased mortality. This article presents the results of two occurrences of weather phenomena in the same year, which reached the Amazon region. In community scale, using three permanent plots (1 ha), results are analyzed to gauge the effects of both phenomena in the forest.Keywords: Mortality rate; drought; downburst; dynamics.

scholarly journals Amounts and Types of Epicuticular Leaf Waxes among Onion Accessions Selected for Reduced Damage by Onion Thrips

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo D. Munaiz ◽  
Russell L. Groves ◽  
Michael J. Havey
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) is the main insect pest of onion (Allium cepa), and feeding damage routinely causes serious yield losses. Lower amounts of epicuticular waxes on onion leaves have been associated with fewer onion thrips and less feeding damage, and research is needed to assess the relationships between amounts and composition of epicuticular waxes and feeding damage by onion thrips. This study used gas chromatography mass spectroscopy to determine amounts and types of epicuticular waxes on the foliage of onion accessions that had been field-selected for lower damage from onion thrips. Hentriacontanone-16 (H16), octaconasol-1, and triacontanol-1 were the most prevalent waxes on the foliage of these selections. Amounts of H16 were significantly lower on selections visually classified as having glossy or semiglossy foliage. Semiglossy selections were identified with similar amounts of total epicuticular wax as waxy phenotypes, due primarily to lower amounts of H16 and higher amounts of other waxes. These semiglossy selections suffered significantly less feeding damage from onion thrips in a field evaluation, supporting the identification of unique wax profiles toward the development of thrips-resistant onion.

scholarly journals The Major Biological Approaches in the Integrated Pest Management of Onion Thrips, Thrips Tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wondimagegn Atilaw Woldemelak
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Nontarget Species ◽  
Polyphagous Insect ◽  
Wilt Virus

AbstractThrips tabaci Lindeman is a cosmopolitan and polyphagous insect pest. It is known worldwide and recorded on more than 300 plant species. T. tabaci is a key pest of onion and several other crops, and its control is vital to the production and profitability of crops. If onion thrips population is not controlled, damage can reduce yield volume and quality. In addition to direct damage to the host plants, T. tabaci has been characterized as an asymptomatic vector of three devastating tospovirus species, such as Tomato spotted wilt virus, Iris yellow spot virus, and Tomato yellow ring virus. For this reason, several synthetic insecticides were used for control. However, these insecticides bring unwanted effects, like pesticide resistance, elimination of nontarget species, environmental pollution, and threats to human health. To solve the negative consequences of insecticides, biopesticides, such as plant secondary metabolites, entomopathogenic viruses, bacteria, fungi, and nematodes, have been recognized as effective alternatives. The use of plant-based insecticides and entomopathogenic control methods gained more attention in integrated pest management. Their strong side is lack of residues, saving beneficial insects and minimizing air and water pollution. Plant-derived compounds and entomopathogenic biological control agents offered a variety of biological modes of actions against onion thrips, such as repellency, feeding deterrence, anti-oviposition, fecundity deterrence, metamorphosis inhibition, and parasiting the host’s body.

scholarly journals Management of Onion Thrips [Thrips tabaci Lind. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)] on Onion Using Eco-Friendly Cultural Practices and Varieties of Onion in Central Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Gebretsadkan Zereabruk ◽  
Mulatu Wakgari ◽  
Gashawbeza Ayalew
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Gross Income

Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a major insect pest constraining onion production in the Central Zone of Tigray. Therefore, field experiment was conducted at Axum Agricultural Research from November 2015 to April 2016 to manage onion thrips using multiple techniques. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement and replicated three times. Onion varieties Bombay Red and Nasik Red were used as main plot treatments and intercropping onion with one or two other vegetables including, cabbage, carrot and lettuce, as subplot treatments. Treating onion with the insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate) 5% EC and untreated sole onion were included as standard and control checks. Results showed that intercropping onion with cabbage, onion with cabbage + carrot and onion with cabbage + lettuce significantly reduced T. tabaci population by 58.47, 63.81 and 50.51%, respectively at higher infestations. Similarly, intercropping onion with cabbage, onion with cabbage + carrot and onion with lettuce + carrot showed a better effect in reducing thrips damage severity by 23.37, 23.09 and 17.66%, respectively, at higher infestations. Predatory thrips were observed on onion intercrops except the Karate 5% EC treated check. The highest marketable onion yield (35.52 t/ha) was obtained from onion intercropped with carrot and lettuce, though not significantly different from the untreated check. The lowest (23.54 t/ha) was obtained from onion intercropped with cabbage + lettuce. However, onion intercropped with lettuce gave the highest gross income (307344 ETB/ha). The lowest gross income was recorded from the insecticide treated plot (194583 ETB/ha). The study clearly showed that intercropping onion with other vegetables reduced the number of onion thrips and their damage on onion in the central zone of Tigray and hence can form an integral component in the integrated management of thrips on onion.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of the Unique Epicuticular Wax Profile of ‘Odourless Greenleaf’ Onion

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Michael J. Havey ◽  
Derek J. Hunsaker ◽  
Eduardo D. Munaiz
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Hybrid Plants

The amounts and types of epicuticular waxes on onion (Allium cepa) leaves affect the severity of feeding damage by onion thrips (Thrips tabaci), a serious insect pest of onion. Onion plants with light green leaves are referred to as “glossy” and accumulate less epicuticular wax relative to the blue–green (“waxy”) foliage of wild-type onion. The onion cultivar Odourless Greenleaf (OGL) has visually glossy foliage, shows resistance to thrips feeding damage, and has the unique profile of accumulating waxes with 28 or fewer carbons. Plants of glossy OGL were crossed with the glossy inbred B9885 and waxy inbred lines DH2107, DH066619, and B8667. Hybrid progenies from glossy OGL by waxy plants had waxy foliage, indicating recessiveness of the glossy OGL phenotype relative to the waxy phenotype. Hybrids from the cross of glossy OGL with glossy B9885 were also waxy, revealing different genetic bases for the glossy phenotype in these two onions. Hybrid plants were self-pollinated and segregations in F2 families from OGL × waxy crosses fit the expected 3:1 ratio for the single locus at which the homozygous recessive genotype conditions glossy foliage. Segregations in F2 families from crosses of glossy 9885 × glossy OGL fit the 9:7 ratio, supporting two independently segregating loci, where the recessive genotype at either locus conditions the glossy phenotype. Amounts and types of epicuticular waxes on leaves of F2 progenies from crosses of OGL × waxy B8667 and glossy B9885 × OGL were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped and genetic maps were constructed. The visually glossy phenotype from OGL and its unique profile of epicuticular waxes were conditioned by one locus on chromosome 6, for which we propose the name glogl. Onion populations such as OGL with unique epicuticular wax profiles will be important germplasms for the development of onion cultivars that suffer less feeding damage from onion thrips compared with waxy onion.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a novel phytopesticide against Thrips tabaci, an insect pest on onion

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1949
Author(s):  
Borhade G.R. ◽  
Sangeetha Diluraj ◽  
Bhor G.L.
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Important Crop ◽  
The World ◽  
Cow Urine

Onion is an important crop cultivated as vegetable. Onion thrips is a key insect pest in most of the onion production regions of the world. A new biopesticide prepared from the crude leaf extracts of ten plants in cow urine was evaluated for their efficacy against Thrips tabaci. The biopesticide was tested in agricultural field on onion plants in varying concentrations and was found to be highly efficient in eradicating the thrips in an eco-friendly manner.

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