scholarly journals Establishment and Early Regeneration of Stem Cuttings from Chicken Weed (Portulaca quadrifida L.) as Influenced by Soil Types

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1575-1581
Author(s):  
Y. Garba ◽  
M. Musa ◽  
A.B. Mustapha ◽  
H.A. Bagudo ◽  
N.S. Majin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Early Regeneration ◽  
And Control ◽  
Distal Stem

Differences in the ability of soil are a requirement for early regeneration of a plant. It was a pot experiment carried out at Sokoto in the Sudano Sahelian agro-ecological Zone of Nigeria. The objective was to investigate the regenerative ability of stem cuttings of Chicken weed on different soil type as a strategy for the weed control. The experimental set up was 3 × 7 factorial arrangement in a Completely Randomized Design. The treatments consisted of seven stem cuttings types namely (NLA-D - node leaf attached at distal stem location, NLR-D - node leaf removed from distal stem location, NLA-P- node leaf attached at proximal stem location, NLR-P- node leaf removed from proximal stem location, IN-D - internodes at distal stem location, IN-P- internodes from proximal stem location and SRA- stem roots attached) and three soil textural class (Sandy, Silty clay and Loamy sand). Result revealed that Silty clay recorded highest number of survived plants. Plant height, number of leaves, nodes, internodes and internodes length were greatly favoured by sandy soil. Loamy sand supported the earliness to leaf emergence and flowering. NLA-D supported the early regeneration of the plant in all stem cuttings tested, but earliness to leaf emergence and flowering was better with NLAP. This finding gave information that Chicken weed regenerate profusely and control measures should be administers to save target crop from yield losses. Keywords: distal, proximal, stem cuttings, soil textural class, regeneration

scholarly journals Autochthonous chikungunya and dengue fever outbreak in Mainland France, 2010-2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Franke ◽  
S Giron ◽  
A Cochet ◽  
C Jeannin ◽  
I Leparc-Goffart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Control ◽  
Autochthonous Transmission

Abstract Background Aedes albopictus, vector of dengue and chikungunya viruses, is implanted in mainland France, exposing to the risk of autochthonous transmission. Since 2006, epidemiological and entomological surveillance activities aim to prevent or limit the occurrence of autochthonous cases. We aimed to describe episodes of transmission and control measures implemented in order to reflect on surveillance activities. Methods We reviewed all publications and documents produced on autochthonous transmission episodes in France and surveillance protocols. We reviewed surveillance activities, investigation methods and control measures implemented. Results Between 2010 and 2018, eight episodes of autochthonous dengue fever transmission and three of chikungunya were recorded in mainland France. All of them occurred in the South east of France, between July and October, when vector density was the highest. Transmission areas were limited to single domestic houses located in discontinuous urban areas. Only two episodes happened in two distinct areas. Chikungunya episodes led to 31 cases and dengue fever episodes to 23 cases. Most cases were identified by door-to-door investigations set-up in transmission areas. We isolated serotypes 1 and 2 for dengue and East Central South Africa lineage for chikungunya in autochthonous cases. Adulticide vector control measures were effective in controlling transmission. Seven episodes of transmission were due to failure in identifying primary imported cases. Four episodes occurred because of the absence or the lack of vector controls measures around primary imported cases. Conclusions Surveillance activities, and autochthonous cases investigations, were effective in limiting the extent of transmission, but were highly demanding for surveillance actors. Identified causes of transmission highlight the need of regular awareness campaigns targeting physicians and biologists. Key messages Effectiveness of the surveillance system of dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses, and autochthonous cases investigations. Needs of awareness and training courses targeting health professionals to the risk represented by these viruses.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF A SOIL SPIKE AERATOR ON INCREASING NUT SIZE AND YIELD ON PECAN TREES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1168a-1168
Author(s):  
Dan Chapman ◽  
Laurence Sistrunk ◽  
J. Benton Storey
Keyword(s):  
Flood Plain ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
River Flood ◽  
Set Up ◽  
One Year

In 1990, a randomized design was set up in a 33 year old orchard on Westwood silty clay loam with 4 main treatment factors: 1990 nut size, chiseling, aeration, and cultivar. Location for this experiment was the Adriance Orchard on the Texas A&M Plantation – Brazos River flood plain. Nut quality was determined by the % kernel and # nuts / kg. Yield was measured per tree and calculated for g/cm2 cross-sectional trunk area. The soil bulk density for each treatment was 1.53 g/cm3 and found to be statistically uniform at the start of the experiment. Results after one year showed that aeration increased the nut size and % kernel of `Mahan' but not of `Desirable' and `Stuart'. Chiseling increased the yield of `Stuart' and `Desirable' and nut size of all 3 cultivars but not % kernel. Aeration increased the % kernel from a mean 48.6% to 56.8% and nut size from 129 nuts/kg to 102 nuts/kg of the 1990 small-nut-size trees but did not significantly increase nut quality for the 1990 normal-nut-size trees.

scholarly journals Policy disparities in response to COVID-19 between Singapore and China

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohan Wang ◽  
Leiyu Shi ◽  
Yuyao Zhang ◽  
Haiqian Chen ◽  
Gang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Control

Abstract Objective The study analyzed the common points and discrepancies of COVID-19 control measures of the two countries in order to provide appropriate coping experiences for countries all over the world. Method This study examined the associations between the epidemic prevention and control policies adopted in the first 70 days after the outbreak and the number of confirmed cases in China and Singapore using the generalized linear model. Policy comparisons and disparities between the two countries were also discussed. Results The regression models show that factors influencing the cumulative number of confirmed cases in China: Locking down epicenter; activating Level One public health emergency response in all localities; the central government set up a leading group; classified management of “four categories of personnel”; launching makeshift hospitals; digital management for a matrix of urban communities; counterpart assistance. The following four factors were the key influencing factors of the cumulative confirmed cases in Singapore: The National Centre for Infectious Diseases screening center opens; border control measures; surveillance measures; Public Health Preparedness Clinics launched. Conclusions Through analyzing the key epidemic prevention and control policies of the two countries, we found that the following factors are critical to combat COVID-19: active case detection, early detection of patients, timely isolation, and treatment, and increasing of medical capabilities. Countries should choose appropriate response strategies with health equity in mind to ultimately control effectively the spread of COVID-19 worldwide.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF A SOIL SPIKE AERATOR ON INCREASING NUT SIZE AND YIELD OF PECAN TREES

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 265B-265
Author(s):  
Dan Chapman ◽  
Laurence Sistrunk ◽  
J. Benton Storey
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
River Flood ◽  
Size Measure ◽  
Tree Stress ◽  
Set Up

Objectives of this experiment were: 1) to determine what effect a soil spike aerator had on nut quality and yield, and 2) to determine whether soil compaction influenced nut quality and yield.3) to determine whether tree stress influenced nut quality or yield on pecan trees In 1990, a randomized design was set up in a 33 year old orchard on Westwood silty clay loam with 3 main treatment factors: 1990 nut size (measure of tree stress), aeration, and cultivar. Location for this experiment was the Adriance Orchard on the Texas A&M Plantation - Brazos River flood plain. Nut quality was determined by the % kernel and # nuts/kg. Yield was measured in kg per tree. Results after two years showed that aeration increased the nut size of stressed trees in 1991 and non-stressed trees in 1992 Yield was unaffected by aeration in both years but stressed trees produced lower yields in 1992. Aeration increased nut size, but not significantly from 119 nuts/kg to 111 nuts/kg in 1991. There was a significant increase with aeration in 1992 from 121 nuts/kg to 113 nuts/kg. Yield and % kernel were not significantly different for both years with aeration Stress did not increase % kernel in either 1991 or 1992 but nut size was larger on non-stressed trees for both years. Stressed trees produced fewer nuts per tree in 1992.

Effect of Indole-3-butyric Acid and Maturity Level of Single Node Stem Cuttings on Propagation of Exacum ritigalensis

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
PCD PERERA ◽  
NILANTHI DAHANAYAKE
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Coir Dust ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
And Control

A study was conducted to observe the effect of different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and maturity levels of single node stem cuttings for vegetative propagation ofE. ritigalensis. Branches of the plant were treated by 20% Clorox in 20 minutes and rinsed it two times using distilled water. Stems cuttings weregrouped into three according to the diameter (20-30 mm, soft wood; 30-40 mm, semi hardwood and 40-50 mm, hardwood).Three differentways of leaves remaining in single node stem cuttings were used; half of single leaf, half double opposite leaves and without leaf. Stem cuttings were treated by IBA (0, 2, 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 mgL-1) for 15 minutes.Plant propagators were prepared by poly bags (150 gauges) and filled by sterilized coir dust. Thereafter, they were kept in two months and observed the survival rates of cuttings (greenish or not),number of roots,length of the lengthiest root, number of buds and number of leaves per bud. Experiments were arranged in three factor factorial completely randomized design (FCRD) with ten replicates. Statistical analysis was performed with Duncan’s multiple range test using SAS software (version 9.1.3). It was observed that rooting was at initial stage of all cuttings after one month. Result were showed that the semi hardwood single node stem with half single leaf or double leavestreated by 10 mgL-1 and 15 mgL-1 IBA were best for rooting compare to other all treatments and control, showed 100% survival rate with three buds per cutting.

scholarly journals Efek Pencampuran Bahan Pestisida Nabati Terhadap Keefektifannya Dalam Menekan Colletotrichum sp. In Vitro Serta Penyakit Antraknosa Pada Stroberi

Agrologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Istifadah ◽  
Anggi Ayuningtyas ◽  
Ceppy Nasahi
Keyword(s):  
Total Concentration ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
And Control ◽  
Better Than

Antrachnose disease caused by Colletotrichum sp. is one of the important diseases of strawberry in the field or after postharvest. The environmentally-friendly control measures is the use of botanical pesticides. Botanical pesticides that are commonly used by the farmers are mixture of several kinds of plant extract. This paper discuses the effects of combining water extract of garlic, galangal rhizome, and betel leaves on their efficacy in inhibiting conidial germination of Colletotrichum sp., the growth of miselium in vitro and the development of antracnose disease in strawberry. Preliminary study was conducted to determine the concentration of the extract that was used for further experiment. The experiment was arranged in the completely randomized design with 10 treatments involving water extract of garlic, galangal rhizome, betel leaves and their mixtures, fungicide and control/check. Each treatment was repeated three times.The results showed that combination of water extract of garlic, galangal rhizome and betel leaves did not enhance their efficacy. The inhibition effect of garlic water extract (5% concentration) was relatively better than its mixtures with galangal and betel leaves (total concentration 15%). The effects of galangal rhizome or betel leaves water extract and their mixtures were not significantly different. Water extract of garlic (15 %) inhibited Colletotrichum sp. which was showed by inhibition zone of 9.3 mm width; and suppressed the antrachnose disease in strawberry stolon by 83,7 %. 

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Population Density of Velvet Bean (MUCUNA COCHINCHINENSIS) for Weed Control at Makurdi, Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Velvet Bean ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The University ◽  
And Control

Field trials were conducted in 2013 and 2014 raining season on a fallow field at the University of Agriculture Makurdi Teaching and Research Farm ((07 0 41’N, 08 0 37’E and 106.4 m above sea level) using Velvet bean (Mucuna cochinchinensis) to control weeds. Four Mucuna populations were used: 400 plants/ha, 800 plants/ha, 1600 plants/ha and 0.00 plants/ha (control). The experiment was set up in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Prominent weeds at the site were identified in the field in 2013. The four different Mucuna populations were screened for their effects on weed (density, composition), growth characteristics (ground cover, nodulation) and canopy duration. Out of the 4 Mucuna populations, 800 plants/ha had the highest effect on weed density, composition and control percentage, ground cover, canopy duration and nodulation. And 0.00 plants/ha had the lowest effect on weed density, weed composition, weed control percentage, ground cover, canopy duration and nodulation. From the results obtained from the study, it can be concluded that farmers in Makurdi, Southern Guinea Savanna can adopt the planting of Mucuna at 800 plants/ha for weed control.

Knowledge and Awareness of Dengue Fever

2018 ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Y. Arockia Suganthi ◽  
Chitra K. ◽  
J. Magelin Mary
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
And Control

Dengue fever is a painful mosquito-borne infection caused by different types of virus in various localities of the world. There is no particular medicine or vaccine to treat person suffering from dengue fever. Dengue viruses are transmitted by the bite of female Aedes (Ae) mosquitoes. Dengue fever viruses are mainly transmitted by Aedes which can be active in tropical or subtropical climates. Aedes Aegypti is the key step to avoid infection transmission to save millions of people in all over the world. This paper provides a standard guideline in the planning of dengue prevention and control measures. At the same time gives the priorities including clinical management and hospitalized dengue patients have to address essentially.

Pittenweem Priory and the conventuality question

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Traditional View ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
New Mother ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Control

Pittenweem Priory began life as the caput manor of a daughter-house established on May Island by Cluniac monks from Reading (c. 1140). After its sale to St Andrews (c. 1280), the priory transferred ashore. While retaining its traditional name, the ‘Priory of May (alias Pittenweem)’ was subsumed within the Augustinian priory of St Andrews. Its prior was elected from among the canons of the new mother house, but it was many decades before a resident community of canons was set up in Pittenweem. The traditional view, based principally on the ‘non-conventual’ status of the priory reiterated in fifteenth-century documents, is that there was ‘no resident community’ before the priorship of Andrew Forman (1495–1515). Archaeological evidence in Pittenweem, however, indicates that James Kennedy had embarked on significant development of the priory fifty years earlier. This suggests that, when the term ‘non-conventual’ is used in documents emanating from Kennedy's successors (Graham and Scheves), we should interpret it more as an assertion of superiority and control than as a description of realities in the priory.

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