scholarly journals New approaches to vaccines for endemic and pandemic diseases of Africa with particular focus on building local competencies in Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Vincent P.K. Titanji
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Vaccine Production ◽  
African Countries ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Recent Innovation ◽  
Development Pipeline

Vaccines have been recognized as major and effective tools for the control and eventual elimination of infectious diseases and cancer. This brief review examines vaccine classification and development pipeline as well as recent innovations driving the vaccine development process. Using COVID-19 as an example recent innovation in vaccine development are highlighted. The review ends with a call for intensified efforts to build vaccine production capacity in Cameroon and other other African  countries. Les vaccins ont été reconnus comme des outils majeurs et efficaces pour le contrôle et l’élimination éventuelle des maladies infectieuses et du cancer. Cette brève revue examine la classification et le pipeline de développement de vaccins ainsi que les innovations récentes à l’origine du processus de développement de vaccins. En utilisant COVID-19 comme exemple, les innovations récentes dans le développement de vaccins sont mises en évidence. La revue se termine par un appel à intensifier les efforts pour renforcer les capacités de production de vaccins au Cameroun et dans d’autres pays africains.

scholarly journals Veterinary vaccine development: The helical project

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 042-047
Author(s):  
Dereja Iyasu Angani
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Vaccine Production ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Implication ◽  
Veterinary Vaccine ◽  
Improper Use

Vaccine production process have been fuzzy journey to the public and, in some degrees, to those in the setting. By clearly showing the lengthy and challenging journey of vaccine development process, thereby suggesting the economic and health implication of improper use of veterinary vaccines, the paper tries to add the attention given to infection prevention. Starting from the foundations, the types and requirements of veterinary vaccines are described. The paper concludes with current research and regulatory quos in the topic.

scholarly journals Innovation policy and the market for vaccines*

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiwei Claire Xue ◽  
Lisa Larrimore Ouellette
Keyword(s):  
Durable Goods ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Vaccine Production ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
Development Pipeline ◽  
Key Aspects

Abstract Vaccines play a crucial role in improving global public health, with the ability to stem the spread of infectious diseases and the potential to eradicate them completely. Compared with pharmaceuticals that treat disease, however, preventative vaccines have received less attention from both biomedical researchers and innovation scholars. This neglect has substantial human and financial costs, as vividly illustrated by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, we argue that the large number of ``missing'' vaccines is likely due to more than lack of scientific opportunities. Two key aspects of vaccines help account for their anemic development pipeline: (1) they are preventatives rather than treatments; and (2) they are generally durable goods with long-term effects rather than products purchased repeatedly. We explain how both aspects make vaccines less profitable than repeat-purchase treatments, even given comparable IP protection. We conclude by arguing that innovation policy should address these market distortions by experimenting with larger government-set rewards for vaccine production and use. Most modestly, policymakers should increase direct funding—including no grants and public-private partnerships—and insurance-based market subsidies for vaccine development. We also make the case for a large cash prize for any new vaccine made available at low or zero cost.

scholarly journals Platforms for Production of Protein-Based Vaccines: From Classical to Next-Generation Strategies

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1072
Author(s):  
Raquel Cid ◽  
Jorge Bolívar
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines

To date, vaccination has become one of the most effective strategies to control and reduce infectious diseases, preventing millions of deaths worldwide. The earliest vaccines were developed as live-attenuated or inactivated pathogens, and, although they still represent the most extended human vaccine types, they also face some issues, such as the potential to revert to a pathogenic form of live-attenuated formulations or the weaker immune response associated with inactivated vaccines. Advances in genetic engineering have enabled improvements in vaccine design and strategies, such as recombinant subunit vaccines, have emerged, expanding the number of diseases that can be prevented. Moreover, antigen display systems such as VLPs or those designed by nanotechnology have improved the efficacy of subunit vaccines. Platforms for the production of recombinant vaccines have also evolved from the first hosts, Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to insect or mammalian cells. Traditional bacterial and yeast systems have been improved by engineering and new systems based on plants or insect larvae have emerged as alternative, low-cost platforms. Vaccine development is still time-consuming and costly, and alternative systems that can offer cost-effective and faster processes are demanding to address infectious diseases that still do not have a treatment and to face possible future pandemics.

scholarly journals In silico characterisation of putative Plasmodium falciparum vaccine candidates in African malaria populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Ajibola ◽  
M. F. Diop ◽  
A. Ghansah ◽  
L. Amenga-Etego ◽  
L. Golassa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Malaria Vaccine ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
D Values ◽  
Tajima’S D

AbstractGenetic diversity of surface exposed and stage specific Plasmodium falciparum immunogenic proteins pose a major roadblock to developing an effective malaria vaccine with broad and long-lasting immunity. We conducted a prospective genetic analysis of candidate antigens (msp1, ama1, rh5, eba175, glurp, celtos, csp, lsa3, Pfsea, trap, conserved chrom3, hyp9, hyp10, phistb, surfin8.2, and surfin14.1) for malaria vaccine development on 2375 P. falciparum sequences from 16 African countries. We described signatures of balancing selection inferred from positive values of Tajima’s D for all antigens across all populations except for glurp. This could be as a result of immune selection on these antigens as positive Tajima’s D values mapped to regions with putative immune epitopes. A less diverse phistb antigen was characterised with a transmembrane domain, glycophosphatidyl anchors between the N and C- terminals, and surface epitopes that could be targets of immune recognition. This study demonstrates the value of population genetic and immunoinformatic analysis for identifying and characterising new putative vaccine candidates towards improving strain transcending immunity, and vaccine efficacy across all endemic populations.

scholarly journals Overview of Plant-Derived Vaccine Antigens: Dengue Virus

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra B Malabadi ◽  
Advaita Ganguly ◽  
Jaime A Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Archana Parashar ◽  
Mavanur R Suresh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Human Immune Deficiency Virus ◽  
Dengue Vaccine ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Vaccine Antigens

ABSTRACT - This review highlights the advantages and current status of plant-derived vaccine development with special reference to the dengue virus. There are numerous problems involved in dengue vaccine development, and there is no vaccine against all four dengue serotypes. Dengue vaccine development using traditional approaches has not been satisfactory in terms of inducing neutralizing antibodies. Recently, these issues were addressed by showing a very good response to inducing neutralizing antibodies by plant-derived dengue vaccine antigens. This indicates the feasibility of using plant-derived vaccine antigens as a low-cost method to combat dengue and other infectious diseases. The application of new methods and strategies such as dendritic cell targeting in cancer therapy, severe acute respiratory syndrome, tuberculosis, human immune deficiency virus, and malaria might play an important role. These new methods are more efficient than traditional protocols. It is expected that in the near future, plant-derived vaccine antigens or antibodies will play an important role in the control of human infectious diseases. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

scholarly journals The 2016 Vaccine Development Pipeline: A special issue from the World Health Organization Product Development for Vaccine Advisory Committee (PDVAC)

Vaccine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (26) ◽  
pp. 2863-2864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitte K. Giersing ◽  
Kayvon Modjarrad ◽  
David C. Kaslow ◽  
Jean-Marie Okwo-Bele ◽  
Vasee S. Moorthy
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Advisory Committee ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
World Health ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Pipeline ◽  
Health Organization
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document