scholarly journals Platforms for Production of Protein-Based Vaccines: From Classical to Next-Generation Strategies

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1072
Author(s):  
Raquel Cid ◽  
Jorge Bolívar
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines

To date, vaccination has become one of the most effective strategies to control and reduce infectious diseases, preventing millions of deaths worldwide. The earliest vaccines were developed as live-attenuated or inactivated pathogens, and, although they still represent the most extended human vaccine types, they also face some issues, such as the potential to revert to a pathogenic form of live-attenuated formulations or the weaker immune response associated with inactivated vaccines. Advances in genetic engineering have enabled improvements in vaccine design and strategies, such as recombinant subunit vaccines, have emerged, expanding the number of diseases that can be prevented. Moreover, antigen display systems such as VLPs or those designed by nanotechnology have improved the efficacy of subunit vaccines. Platforms for the production of recombinant vaccines have also evolved from the first hosts, Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to insect or mammalian cells. Traditional bacterial and yeast systems have been improved by engineering and new systems based on plants or insect larvae have emerged as alternative, low-cost platforms. Vaccine development is still time-consuming and costly, and alternative systems that can offer cost-effective and faster processes are demanding to address infectious diseases that still do not have a treatment and to face possible future pandemics.

scholarly journals Overview of Plant-Derived Vaccine Antigens: Dengue Virus

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra B Malabadi ◽  
Advaita Ganguly ◽  
Jaime A Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Archana Parashar ◽  
Mavanur R Suresh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Human Immune Deficiency Virus ◽  
Dengue Vaccine ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Vaccine Antigens

ABSTRACT - This review highlights the advantages and current status of plant-derived vaccine development with special reference to the dengue virus. There are numerous problems involved in dengue vaccine development, and there is no vaccine against all four dengue serotypes. Dengue vaccine development using traditional approaches has not been satisfactory in terms of inducing neutralizing antibodies. Recently, these issues were addressed by showing a very good response to inducing neutralizing antibodies by plant-derived dengue vaccine antigens. This indicates the feasibility of using plant-derived vaccine antigens as a low-cost method to combat dengue and other infectious diseases. The application of new methods and strategies such as dendritic cell targeting in cancer therapy, severe acute respiratory syndrome, tuberculosis, human immune deficiency virus, and malaria might play an important role. These new methods are more efficient than traditional protocols. It is expected that in the near future, plant-derived vaccine antigens or antibodies will play an important role in the control of human infectious diseases. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

scholarly journals Prospects for the development of fungal vaccines.

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
G S Deepe
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Ideal

In an era that emphasizes the term "cost-effective," vaccines are the ideal solution to preventing disease at a relatively low cost to society. Much of the previous emphasis has been on childhood scourges such as measles, mumps, rubella, poliomyelitis, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. The concept of vaccines for fungal diseases has had less impact because of the perceived limited problem. However, fungal diseases have become increasingly appreciated as serious medical problems that require recognition and aggressive management. The escalation in the incidence and prevalence of infection has prompted a renewed interest in vaccine development. Herein, I discuss the most recent developments in the search for vaccines to combat fungal infections. Investigators have discovered several inert substances from various fungi that can mediate protection in animal models. The next challenge will be to find the suitable mode of delivery for these immunogens.

scholarly journals Effects of Shell and Low Moisture Content on Peanut Seed Longevity

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kameswara Rao ◽  
D. V. S. S. R. Sastry ◽  
P. J. Bramel
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
High Germination

Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm accessions in ICRISAT genebank are conserved as pods under medium-term conditions (4 C and 30% RH). Pod storage requires far greater space than seed storage and is more likely to be expensive, especially in a controlled environment. With the objective to evolve cost effective strategies for conservation, the survival of in-shell and shelled seeds of two peanut cultivars, ICGS 76 (virginia bunch) and JL24 (spanish), was studied under three different storage conditions— ambient (20-40 C and 30-80% RH), short term (23-25 C and 40-50% RH), and medium term (4 C and 30% RH). In-shell seeds had marginally greater longevity than shelled seed in all storage conditions. The differences in time for regeneration of in-shell and shelled seeds stored under medium term conditions were estimated to be less than 4 mo for both the cultivars. Because of the much reduced volume required for storage and the insignificant differences in regeneration interval, conservation of shelled seeds would be highly cost-effective under the controlled environmental conditions, as compared to in-shell seeds. Since storage at very low moisture contents was suggested as a simple and low cost option for conservation of seed lots required for short-term use, the longevity of peanut seeds (cv. ICGS 76) hermetically sealed with 3.6% moisture content was studied in comparison with seeds held at 5.8% moisture. The studies showed that peanut seeds hermetically stored at room temperature (23-25 C) with low moisture content (below 4%) could retain high germination (> 85%) for up to 8 yr.

scholarly journals Current Progress in the Development of Zika Virus Vaccines

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1004
Author(s):  
Kehui Zhou ◽  
Chaoqun Li ◽  
Wen Shi ◽  
Xiaodan Hu ◽  
Kutty Selva Nandakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccines ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus first discovered in the Americas. ZIKV infection is insidious based on its mild clinical symptoms observed after infection. In Brazil, after 2015, ZIKV infection broke out on a large scale, and many infected pregnant women gave birth to babies with microcephaly. The teratogenic effects of the virus on the fetus and its effects on nerves and the immune system have attracted great attention. Currently, no specific prophylactics or therapeutics are clinically available to treat ZIKV infection. Development of a safe and effective vaccine is essential to prevent the rise of any potential pandemic. In this review, we summarize the latest research on Zika vaccine development based on different strategies, including DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines, live-attenuated vaccines, virus-vector-based vaccines, inactivated vaccines, virus-like particles (VLPs), mRNA-based vaccines, and others. We anticipate that this review will facilitate further progress toward the development of effective and safe vaccines against ZIKV infection.

scholarly journals Prediction of Physicochemical Properties of SARS-CoV-2 Protein in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilanjan Roy
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Instability Index ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Grand Average ◽  
Rapid Production ◽  
Aliphatic Index ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines

Awareness of the physicochemical properties of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is urgently required for the rapid production of live attenuated and inactivated vaccines. To develop subunit vaccines, it's also important to understand these properties for similar viral proteins. In this study, we predicted the physicochemical properties of SARS-CoV-2 protein that has been sequenced from Bangladeshi patients. Here we reported the number of amino acids, molecular weight, theoretical pI, amino acid composition, extinction coefficients, estimated half-life, instability index, aliphatic index, and grand average of hydropathicity of the SARS-CoV-2 protein in Bangladesh. As Bangladesh is consistently trying to contribute in the vaccine development process of SARS-CoV-2, we believe that this biocomputational study of physicochemical properties will give meaningful insights and will ease the way of vaccine development.

scholarly journals Immigrant women, nature and mental health

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-372
Author(s):  
Catherine Anne Nicole Lorentzen ◽  
Berit Viken
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Effective Strategies

Purpose There is a need for cost-effective strategies to counteract mental health challenges among immigrant women. This study aims to identify how nature might improve the mental health status of immigrant women residing in Norway. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative data were gathered through individual interviews with 14 immigrant women from Iran (2), Poland (2), Palestine, Afghanistan, Congo, Kenya, Thailand, Russia, Portugal, Latvia, Colombia and Bulgaria. Findings The qualitative content analysis revealed that interaction with nature positively influenced the immigrant women’s mental health. This occurred because of the following: exposure to nature itself, leading to mood enhancements; familiarization with the new country’s culture, nature, climate and language, facilitating feelings of mastery, attachment and belonging; social interactions, promoting immediate well-being and future social support; interacting with nature in familiar ways, reducing feelings of alienation/loss; and physical activity, improving mood and stress-related conditions. These mental health improvements were a result of interactions with various types of natural environments. Originality/value This study supports the promotion of interaction with nature among immigrant women as part of low-cost public health work. Practitioners should consider multiple arenas for potential nature-related mental health gains.

scholarly journals Recombinant subunit vaccines for soil-transmitted helminths

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (14) ◽  
pp. 1845-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
JASON B. NOON ◽  
RAFFI V. AROIAN
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Expression Systems ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
The Public ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Minimum Number

SUMMARYSoil-transmitted helminths (STHs) collectively infect one fourth of all human beings, and the majority of livestock in the developing world. These gastrointestinal nematodes are the most important parasites on earth with regard to their prevalence in humans and livestock. Current anthelmintic drugs are losing their efficacies due to increasing drug resistance, particularly in STHs of livestock and drug treatment is often followed by rapid reinfection due to failure of the immune system to develop a protective response. Vaccines against STHs offer what drugs cannot accomplish alone. Because such vaccines would have to be produced on such a large scale, and be cost effective, recombinant subunit vaccines that include a minimum number of proteins produced in relatively simple and inexpensive expression systems are required. Here, we summarize all of the previous studies pertaining to recombinant subunit vaccines for STHs of humans and livestock with the goal of both informing the public of just how critical these parasites are, and to help guide future developments. We also discuss several key areas of vaccine development, which we believe to be critical for developing more potent recombinant subunit vaccines with broad-spectrum protection.

scholarly journals COMPUTER SIMULATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF VACCINES AGAINST COVID-19 BASED ON HLA-SYSTEM ANTIGENS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandr S. Golota ◽  
Dmitry A. Vologzhanin ◽  
Tatyana A. Kamilova ◽  
Olga V. Shneider ◽  
Sergei G. Sherbak
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Target Antigen ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Modeling Methodology ◽  
Immunogenic Peptides

Genetic variability of population may explain different individual immune responses to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The use of genome-based technologies makes it possible to develop vaccines by optimizing target antigens. The conventional approach to the development of attenuated or inactivated vaccines sometimes fail to provide potential immunity to the target antigen and has raised safety concerns in many preclinical and clinical trials. Subunit vaccines, such as those predicted by in silico research, can overcome these difficulties. The computer modeling methodology provides the scientific community with a more complete list of immunogenic peptides, including a number of new and cross-reactive candidates. Studies conducted independently of each other with different approaches provide a high degree of confidence in the reproducibility of results. Computer forecasting plays an important role in a quick and cost-effective solution to prevent further spread and ultimately eliminate the pandemic. Most of the effort to develop vaccines and drugs against SARS-CoV-2 is directed towards the thorn glycoprotein (protein S), a major inducer of neutralizing antibodies. Several vaccines have been shown to be effective in preclinical studies and have undergone clinical trials to combat COVID-19 infection. This review presents the profile of in silico predicted immunogenic peptides of the SARS-CoV-2 virus for subsequent functional validation and vaccine development, highlights current advances in the development of subunit vaccines to combat COVID-19, taking into account the experience that has been previously achieved with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Immunoinformatics techniques reduce the time and cost of developing vaccines that together can stop this new viral infection.

Nucleic Acid-Based Vaccines Platform Against Covid-19 Pandemic

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghayyeh Baghban ◽  
Shirin Mahmoodi
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
World Health ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
The World ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions of people globally, in this regard, known as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). There is sufficient scientific evidence that a preventive COVID-19 vaccine is the most effective approach to combat with COVID-19 pandemic, therefore there is an essential need for safe and protective vaccines to fight it. Methods: Global efforts in developing a vaccine against COVID-19 have resulted in the development of different vaccine platforms with various safety and efficacy including live-attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines, and nucleic acid-based vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nucleic acid-based vaccines consist of mRNA and DNA vaccines have shown promising results in stimulating cellular and humoral immune responses properly against COVID-19, which their rapid and easy manufacturing process compared to others have made them considerable. mRNA-based vaccines platform by Pfizer/BioNtech and Moderna companies are the first approved vaccines for emergency use against COVID-19. Results: This narrative review highlights the recent advances in developing nucleic acid-based vaccines for COVID-19. Conclusion: The fast global dissemination of the coronavirus has highlighted the urgent necessity to build an efficient vaccine to inhibit disease. Cooperative attempts throughout the world have paid to the fast and unprecedented production of vaccines. Much needs to be learned regarding SARSCoV-2 and vaccine development against it.

scholarly journals Kinect V2 Performance Assessment in Daily-Life Gestures: Cohort Study on Healthy Subjects for a Reference Database for Automated Instrumental Evaluations on Neurological Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Scano ◽  
Andrea Chiavenna ◽  
Matteo Malosio ◽  
Lorenzo Molinari Tosatti
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Kinect V2 ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Neurological Patients

Background. The increase of sanitary costs related to poststroke rehabilitation requires new sustainable and cost-effective strategies for promoting autonomous and dehospitalized motor training. In the Riprendo@Home and Future Home for Future Communities research projects, the promising approach of introducing low-cost technologies that promote home rehabilitation is exploited. In order to provide reliable evaluation of patients, a reference database of healthy people’s performances is required and should consider variability related to healthy people performances.Methods.78 healthy subjects performed several repetitions of daily-life gestures, the reaching movement (RM) and hand-to-mouth (HtMM) movement with both the dominant and nondominant upper limbs. Movements were recorded with a Kinect V2. A synthetic biomechanical protocol based on kinematical, dynamical, and motor control parameters was used to assess motor performance of the healthy people. The investigation was conducted by clustering participants depending on their limb dominancy (right/left), gender (male/female), and age (young/middle/senior) as sources of variability.Results.Results showed that limb dominancy has minor relevance in affecting RM and HtMM; gender has relevance in affecting the HtMM; age has major effect in affecting RM and HtMM.Conclusions.An investigation of healthy subjects’ upper limb performances during daily-life gestures was performed with the Kinect V2 sensor. Findings will be the basis for a database of normative data for neurological patients’ motor evaluation.

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