Nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation of dried cassava peels and brewers dried grains based diets by West African dwarf (WAD) sheep

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
TO Ososanya ◽  
UA Inyang
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
West African ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Fermentation Kinetics ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Cassava Peels

In the tropics, supplementing concentrates with grasses, especially during the dry season could improve protein to energy ratio in ruminants thereby improving optimum production. Also, supplementation with a protein source enhances the production capacity of ruminants. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation kinetics of Panicum maximum supplemented with brewers dried grains and dried cassava peels based diets by West African Dwarf (WAD) lambs. Nine lambs of about 9 months in age and bodyweight ranging from 10.5kg-16.5kg were randomly divided into 3 groups and assigned to the following diets: Diet 1-100% Panicum maximum, Diet 2 - 81% DCP + 13.50% PKC + 2% Oyster shell + 2% Salt + 1.50% Premix and Diet 3 - 81% BDG + 13.50% PKC + 2% Oyster shell + 2% Salt and 1.50 Premix. Result showed that animals on diet 1recorded the least significant (p< 0.05) dry matter digestibility (55.00%) to those on diets 2 and diet 3. Animals on diet 3 recorded the best crude protein digestibility (66.88%) which was significantly different (p<0.05) from those on diets 1 and 2 (53.04% and 56.79%). Animals on diet 1 recorded the highest significant (p<.0.05) amount of ammonia nitrogen at O and 4hours post feeding. The same trend seems to occur for volatile fatty acids (acetate, propionate and butyrate) at O hour post feeding. However, at 4 hour post feeding, animals on diet 3 recorded a slight numerical advantage over other animals. It can therefore be deduced from this study that diet 3 was most preferred as evident from the chemical composition of the feed and nutrient digestibility of the lambs.Keywords: Dried cassava peels, brewer’s dried grains, digestibility, fermentation kinetics and lambs.

scholarly journals Performance and nutrient digestibility of West African Dwarf rams fed Panicum maximum and Tridax procumbens supplemented with Cajanus cajan leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
I. A Adebisi ◽  
A. B. Ajibike ◽  
T. O Muraina ◽  
H. O Amusa ◽  
O. O Okunlola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
West African ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Tridax Procumbens

An experiment was carried out to investigate the performance and nutrient digestibility of West African dwarf growing rams fed mixture of Panicum maximum and Tridax procumbens supplemented with Cajanus cajan leaves for 56 days feeding trial. A total of twelve WAD rams were randomly allocated to three treatments with four animals per treatment while two animals served as replicate. The experimental diet was fed at 3% body weight of individual animals while Cajanus cajan leaves were supplemented at varied inclusion levels. The results revealed that animals fed T1 recorded the least weight gain (36.96g/day) while the highest weight gain (56.42g/day) was recorded for T3. The daily weight gain of animals was significantly different across all treatments (P<0.05). The highest DMI (18.30kg) was recorded on the T1, and the least value of DMI (17.40kg) was recorded in T3. The highest feed efficiency ratio (0.18) and the lowest value (0.11) were observed in animals fed T1 and T3 diet respectively. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the nutrient digestibility parameters of the experimental animals. The results showed that T1 (100% sole Cajanus cajan leaves) promoted the best dry matter (DM) digestibility (89.56%) which was enough to meet the production and maintenance requirement of small ruminants while the lowest value (88.67%) of DMD was recorded in T2 . The highest crude protein (CP) digestibility (13.20%) was observed in T3 diet. The highest value for crude fibre digestibility (38.95%) and the lowest value (35.35%) were observed in animals fed T2 and T1 diet respectively. In conclusion, supplementation of Cajanus cajan leaves with mixture of Tridax procumbens and Panicum maximum as basal diet for feeding sheep enhanced nutrient intake, growth performance and improved nutrient digestibility without health challenges to the animals.

scholarly journals Performance, rumen characteristics and blood profile of West African dwarf goats fed varying levels of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
O. O. Adelusi ◽  
R. M. Akinbode ◽  
K. O. Adebayo ◽  
K. M. Stephen ◽  
A. S. Oluwasegun
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
West African ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
West African Dwarf

A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of inclusion of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on the performance, rumen characteristics and blood profile of West African dwarf (WAD) goats. Four (4) dietary treatments were prepared by adding 0 g, 0.5 g, 1.0 g and 1.5 g yeast to concentrate feed. Twelve (12) WAD goats with an average live weight of 10.17±0.53 kg were allocated to the four treatment lots in a completely randomised design and used in a feeding trial that lasted 70 days. Concentrate was fed at 3% of body weight while Panicum maximum as the basal diet was ad libitum. Data were collected on nutrient intake, rumen fermentation and microbial ecology, blood profile and then analysed using one-way analysis of variance. Results showed that inclusion of yeast did not affect (P>0.05) nutrient intake, rumen fermentation of WAD goats. Bacteria and fungi population were also not affected (P>0.05) by the inclusion of yeast, however there was an increase (P<0.05) in 9 9 pr otozoa from 0.73× 10 (control) to 1.33× 10 (1.0g yeast). Packed cell volume (PCV) of goats decreased (P<0.05) when goats were fed 1.5g yeast (20.93%) compared to control (24.37%). It can be concluded that addition of yeast to the diets of WAD goats did not affect their overall performance, increased population of rumen protozoa and reduced blood packed cell volume.

scholarly journals Nutritional potential of differently processed Cajanus cajan leaves on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization of West African dwarf growing rams fed Panicum maximum

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-216
Author(s):  
I. A. Adebisi ◽  
A. B. Ajibike ◽  
O. O. Okunola ◽  
J. A. Alalade ◽  
H. O. Amusa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
West African ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Browse legume plants particularly pigeon pea forage generates a lot of underutilized leaves which if properly harnessed can be a cheaper source of nutrients for small ruminant animal production, during dry season feed shortages. In this study, the nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization of West African dwarf growing rams fed differently processed Cajanus cajan leaves and Panicum maximum basal diet for 56 days feeding trial. A total of sixteen(16) growing WAD rams between 6 - 9 months with an average body weight of 7.00 - 12.00k were randomly allocated to 4 treatments with 4 rams each and 2 rams per replicate. The experimental diet was fed at 3% body weight of individual ram while fresh, wilted, and dried forms of Cajanus cajan leaves supplemented at varied inclusion levels (0%, 30% fresh, 30% wilted and 30% dried) with Panicum maximum. There were significant (P<0.05) differencesin all parameters determined on nutrient digestibility across the dietary treatments. Animals maintained on T (70% Panicum maximum and 30% dried Cajanus cajan leaves) had the 4 highest dry matter digestibility (60.46%), while the lowest value (48.56%) for DMD was recorded in T diet. Rams fed T diet had the highest mean crude protein digestibility (CPD) 1 2 value of 11.30%, followed by T (10.68%), 10.02% for T , while T diet had the lowest mean 2 1 4CPD of 9.21%. Rams fed T diet had the highest mean crude fibre digestibility (CFD) value of 1 37.65%, while 35.03, 33.18 and 32.71 were recorded for T , T and T diet respectively. T was 4 2 3 4 observed to have the highest mean ash digestibility value of 17.07% with T , T and T having 3 1 2 the value of 16.02, 14.28 and 13.36 respectively. There were significant (P<0.05) differences in all parameters determined on nitrogen utilization across the dietary treatments. Rammaintained on T diet had the highest mean intake of 4.42g/d while T diet had the lowest 2 1 mean value of 2.64g/d. The lowest mean nitrogen balance (NB) of 0.43g/d was observed in rams fed T diet while rams on T diet had the highest NB value of 2.18g/d. Rams fed T diet 1 2 4 had the highest faecal nitrogen value of 2.14g/d. However, rams maintained on T diet had 4 the highest value urinary nitrogen of 1.07g/d. The nitrogen utilization fluctuatedsignificantly (P<0.05) across the dietary treatments. It can be concluded that supplementation of fresh Cajanus cajan forages at 30% inclusion with Panicum maximum at 70% for growing rams can enhance nutrient utilization in terms of crude protein digestibility and nitrogen utilization without any deleterious effects on the animals.

scholarly journals Piliostigma thonningii leaves as dry season feed supplement for West African dwarf goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-283
Author(s):  
F. O. Jemiseye ◽  
J. A. Akinlade ◽  
O. A. Ogunwole ◽  
B. S. Adedeji
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
West African ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
West African Dwarf Goat ◽  
Piliostigma Thonningii

A persistent issue with ruminant production during the dry season in the tropics is scarcity of forages. Producers are faced with the search for alternative feed supplements to address this issue without compromising productivity. Acceptability of Piliostigma thonningii as dry season feed supplement to West African dwarf (WAD) goat was investigated in this study. The WAD goats (n=15) were divided into three treatments of five goats each in a completely randomized design. The animals were fed with Panicum maximum without supplementation at 100% (T1), 90% Panicum maximum+10% Piliostigma thonningii (T2) and 80% Panicum  maximum+20% Piliostigma thonningii (T3). Fresh water was also made available throughout the trial that lasted six weeks. Chemical analysis of the forages was observed while feed intake, weight gain and nutrient digestibility were monitored. Results showed that Piliostigma thonningii had a higher (15.25%) crude protein and lower (57.38%) neutral detergent fibre contents than the grass. Both had comparable energy values. Piliostigma thonningii had relatively high mineral contents while the anti-nutrient contents of phytate and oxalate were relatively low. Although the crude protein intake increased with increasing levels of supplementation, the total dry matter intake was not favoured beyond 10% level of Piliostigma thonningii level. It can be concluded that there was no advantage in feeding West African dwarf goat Piliostigma thonningii beyond 10% level.

scholarly journals Dry matter acceptability and digestibility of nutrient by West African dwarf Rams fed polyenzyme treated cassava peel and corn cob based diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-208
Author(s):  
O. D. Olamilusi ◽  
J. D. Olotu ◽  
O. O. Eniolorunda
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
West African ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Cassava Peels ◽  
Cassava Peel

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of polyenzyme treated corn cob based diet on the dry matter acceptability and nutrient digestibility by West African dwarf rams. Sixteen (16) rams were used in a completely randomized design, comprising of 4 per treatment in metabolic cages for digestibility while for acceptability each animal was allotted to a pen and the cafeteria feeding method employed. The dietary treatments were: T1 (cassava peel untreated); T2 (corn cob untreated); T3 (polyenzyme treated cassava peel) and T4 (polyenzyme treated corn cob) respectively. The result for dry matter acceptability showed that T3 had the highest value for dry matter intake (979.20g/h/d); coefficient of preference (1.06) and percentage of preference (26.44%). Significant (p<0.05) difference were obtained for the digestibility percentages of all the proximate nutrients. The digestibility values recorded for T3 was the highest (P<0.05) for DM (78.81), CP (81.91), CF (70.24), EE (37.40), NEF (80.05), NDF (76.99) and ADF (71.69). However, it is recorded that inclusions of polyenzyme to cassava peel and corncob have a promising acceptability, enhanced and efficiently utilized by sheep. The study shown that treatment of cassava peels and corn cob with polyenzyme improved and sustain ruminants during period of feeds insufficiency. Also, provide a better utilization of wasteful cassava peel and corn cob to feedstuff so as to improve farmers that practice intensive ruminant management.

scholarly journals Intake, digestibility and nitrogen utilization of West African dwarf goats fed diets containing graded levels of alkaline treated malted sorghum sprout

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-290
Author(s):  
A. A. Saka ◽  
R. K. Adekunjo ◽  
S. O. Odukoya ◽  
K. B. Jinadu ◽  
O. A. Awodele
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
West African ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nutrients Intake ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A twelve-week trial was conducted to determine the nutrients intake, digestibility and nitrogen utilization of West African dwarf (WAD) goats fed diets containing graded levels of alkaline treated malted sorghum sprout (AMSP) using Panicum maximum as the basal diet. A total number of sixteen (16) WAD goats with an average live weight; 5.8 ± 0.6 kg were allotted on weight equalization into four (4) dietary treatments consisting of four goats per treatments in a completely randomized design. Four (4) diets were formulated to contain 0, 20, 40 and 60% AMSP. Data was collected on nutrients intake, digestibility and Nitrogen utilization parameters. Significant difference (P<0.05) were observed in all the nutrient intake parameters observed except for dry matter intake. Goats fed 40% AMSP recorded the highest total ash intake (27.01%), total acid detergent fibre (11.46%) and total cellulose intake (83.13%) compared with other dietary treatments. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in all the nutrient digestibility parameters except the ether extract, ash, cellulose and hemicellulose. The highest Ash (66.16%), cellulose (82.47%) and hemicellulose (82.26%) contents were obtained in goats fed 40% AMSP. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) among the Nitrogen metabolism variables observed except total nitrogen intake and nitrogen balance. Goats fed 40% AMSP based diet recorded the highest Nitrogen retention (62.18%). It can therefore be concluded that 40% AMSP can be used as potential sources of supplements in ruminants feed most especially during dry season as it enhanced nutrient intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance.

scholarly journals Nutrient intake and digestibility of West African dwarf goats fed graded levels of and as supplements to Afzelia africana Newbouldia laevis Panicum maximum

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-306
Author(s):  
I. Ikihimioya ◽  
M. I. Okoruwa ◽  
U. I. Ikhatua
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
West African ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
West African Dwarf Goats ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Afzelia Africana ◽  
Dwarf Goats

The study was conducted to determine nutrient intake and digestibility of West African dwarf goats fed graded levels of Afzelia africana and New bouldia laevisas supplements to Panicum maximum. Twenty female West African dwarf goats aged between 5 and 7 months old with mean live weight of 6.62±0.41kg were allotted to five dietary treatments with two replicates of two goats per treatment in a completely randomised design. The compared diets were: T (100% Panicum maximum), T (25%Afzelia africana and 75% Panicum maximum), T (50% Afzelia africana and 50% Panicum maximum), T (25% New bouldia laevis and 75% Panicum maximum) and T (50% Newbouldia laevis and 50% Panicum maximum). A metabolism trial was conducted at the end of the feeding trial to assess the diets on nutrient digestibility after the nutrient intake study of the goats. Results obtained showed that total hemicelluloses intake (62.48g.day ) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T compared with other diets. Total crude protein intake(43.45g.d) and hemicelluloses digestibility(92.20%)were higher significantly (p<0.001) and (p<0.01) respectively in T . Total lignin intake (36.22g.d )and organic matter digestibility (77.70%) were significantly better (p<0.05) and (p<0.01) respectively in T . Digestibility of neutral and acid detergent fibre (55.71% and 49.79%) were significantly higher (p<0.05) and (p<0.001) while dry matter digestibility (83.49%) was significantly better (p<0.01) in T than other treatment diets. Total dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and cellulose intakes with digestibility of crude protein, lignin and cellulose were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by treatment diets. It was concluded that the combination of Panicum maximum based diet with Newbouldia laevis in a ratio of 50:50 had the potential to enhance nutrient digestibility in goats.

scholarly journals Nutritive Value and Preference of Guinea-Grass Ensiled with or without Additive by West African Dwarf (WAD) Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
T. O. Abegunde ◽  
S. O. Babalola ◽  
B. T. Adeoye ◽  
A. O. Usman ◽  
O. M. Akinfemi
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
West African ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Silage Additives ◽  
Cassava Peels

A study was designed to investigate silage additives’ effect on preference and nutritive value of five weeks re-growth guinea grass by West African dwarf (WAD) goats. The silages of five weeks re-growth guinea grass were made without additive (T1), with cassava peels additive (T2), and with fermented epiphytic juice of lactic acid bacteria in Panicum maximum (FEJPM) additive (T3). The effects of silage additives on preference, voluntary feed intake, growth, digestibility, and nitrogen utilization were assessed using 18 growing WAD goats (BW: 5.88±0.26 kg) in a completely randomized design. Dry matter was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 silage (40.70 g/100g) than in T1 silage (39.00) and T3 silage (34.60). Crude protein values were similar (p>0.05) in T1 and T3 silages (10.63 and 10.72 g/100g DM) that were significantly lower (p<0.05) than that in T2 silage (12.54 g/100g DM). The silages of guinea grass had acceptable physical attributes in terms of color, odor, and texture, with pH values ranging from 3.87- 4.97. T1 and T3 silages were rejected, whereas T2 silage was accepted well by the experimental WAD goats. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was significantly (p<0.05) the highest in the WAD goats fed T2 silage (303.30 g/day), and the lowest (p<0.05) was found in WAD goats fed T1 silage (271.60 g/day). Similar to the ADFI, the highest average daily gain (ADG) was found in WAD goats fed T2 silage (37.25 g/day), and the lowest ADG (p<0.05) was found in WAD goats fed T1 silage (24.50 g/day). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of WAD goats fed T2 silage (8.15) was superior to those of WAD goats fed T1 silage (13.63) and T3 silage (9.66). Crude protein and dry matter digestibility values were higher (p<0.05) in WAD goat fed T2 silage (68.24 and 63.87%, respectively) than in WAD goats fed T1 and T3 silages. Nitrogen intake and balance were significantly (p<0.05) the highest in WAD goats fed T2 silage (12.41 and 8.68 g/day, respectively), and these variables were similar in WAD goats fed T1 and T3 silages. Nitrogen retention was not affected by the silage additives. It was concluded that cassava peels were better than FEJPM as a silage additive since it improved fermentative quality, acceptability, feed intake, and digestibility of guinea grass silage by WAD goats.

scholarly journals Rumen Fermentation Characteristics of West African Dwarf Sheep Fed Supplementary Diets Containing Water-Washed Neem (azadirachtaindica A. Juss) Fruit and Garlic (Allium sativum)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Joshua Abolade Opeyemi ◽  
Ajayi Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
West African ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
West African Dwarf Sheep ◽  
Dwarf Sheep

An experiment was conducted for 37 days for the purpose of investigating Rumen Fermentation Characteristics of West African Dwarf Sheep Fed supplementary diets containing Water-Washed Neem (Azadirachtaindica a. Juss0 Fruit and garlic (Alliumsativum). The experimental design used was a completely randomized design and the obtained data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). 12 West African dwarf Sheep were randomly allotted into 4 treatments of 3 replicates per treatment, these treatments were supplements containing 0%, 5%, 10% neem and 1.25% garlic. Panicum maximum was fed as the basal diet. The basal and supplementary diets were fed at ratio 50:50 and at 3% body weight on dry matter bases. At the end of 37 days feeding trial, rumen liquor from the experimental animals were collected for rumen fermentation characteristics and in vitro gas production. The pH of the rumen liquor had values ranging from 6.30 - 7.00 and there was a significant difference between the 4 treatments. Treatment IV had the highest acetic acid and butyric acid production while treatment II had the lowest. However, there was no significant difference amongst the 4 treatments. Propionic acid was highest for treatment I while treatment II had the lowest value. For the propionic acid, the treatment that had no inclusion of neem and garlic (the control treatment) had the highest mean value for the study. The in vitro production obtained for a standard feed sample incubated in the rumen liquor obtained from the 4 treatments were significantly affected by the inclusion of neem and garlic. It is then concluded that the inclusion of neem at 10% and garlic at 1.25% in the supplementary feed of WAD sheep will significantly reduce methane production and support ruminant production.

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