scholarly journals Isolation of Biofilm Producing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Hospitalized Orthopaedic Patients in Kano State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
D.A. Oche ◽  
U. Abdulrahim ◽  
A.S. Oheagbulem ◽  
B.O. Olayinka
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Orthopaedic Patients ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Public Health Challenge

Biofilm formation and resistance to methicillin are among the factors that makes Staphylococcus aureus a very important human pathogen in both health-care and community settings. This study investigated methicillin-resistance among biofilm-producing S. aureus isolated from 49 orthopaedic in-patients within a 3 months period. Wound swabs, nasal swabs, bed swabs and urine samples were collected from each patient. The samples were cultured and screened for presence of S. aureus while the micro-titre plate method was used to detect biofilm producing isolates. PCR technique was finally used to detect the presence of mecA gene in methicilin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates. Findings reveal 14.8% of bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus of which 96.4% were biofilm-producers. However, strong biofilm producers constitute 11.1%. The mecA gene was detected in 15.8% of the MRSA isolates. Therefore, MRSA among biofilm-producing S. aureus is a potential threat primarily to the community of National Orthopaedic Hospital Dala and a major public health challenge. Keywords: Biofilm, Methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), mecA gene, Orthopaedic patient

scholarly journals Detection of mecA gene by latex agglutination and its molecular analysis by PCR in methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (07) ◽  
pp. 1363-1370
Author(s):  
Aneela Khawaja ◽  
Iffat Javed ◽  
Sohaila Mushtaq ◽  
Saeed Anwar ◽  
Faiqa Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Agglutination Method ◽  
Resistant Strains

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a devastating question that is threatening the health globally. The extensive and indiscriminative use of antibiotics has evolved a notorious resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.  This resistance developed through possession of mecA gene, which codes for modified penicillin binding protein (PBP2a) and the emergent strain being labeled “methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus”. Conventional phenotypic techniques for detection of MRSA rely on standardization of cultural characteristics. The drawbacks of diagnostic error to report MRSA include: poor prognosis, expensive treatment, dissemination of multi-drug resistant strains and even treatment failure. Latex agglutination method can be adopted as a more accurate and quick strategy for rapid detection of methicillin resistance. Objectives: To compare detection of mecA gene in methicillin resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus by latex agglutination and PCR; by assessing the sensitivity and specificity of both methods. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional study. Setting: Pathology Department, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore. Period: From January 2015 to December 2015; according to standard operating procedures at Microbiology laboratory. Material & Methods: A total 713 consecutive, non-duplicate isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were processed. Methicillin resistance was determined using cefoxitin (30mg) by Kirby-Bauer method using CLSI guideline (2016), latex agglutination method; and PCR for mecA gene. Results: The results showed that out of 713 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 92 (12.90%) isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and were labelled as MRSA. majority MRSA isolates recovered from pus (44.57%) and wound swab (20.65%), followed by blood (13.04%), fluid (8.70%), CSF (4.35%), CVP (3.26%), HVS (3.26%) and tracheal secretion (2.17%). By latex agglutination method, 87 (94.50%) were positive for PBP2a; while on PCR mecA gene was detected only in 82 (89.10%) MRSA isolates. When assessed with PCR (gold standard) the sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of latex agglutination was 100% and 94.57%, respectively. Conclusion: Latex agglutination test can be employed as rapid and reliable diagnostic technique in MRSA isolates for mecA gene detection, where resources for molecular methods are inadequate. This can effectually lessen the misdiagnosis of resistant strains, and over/ ill-use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (MRCoNS) and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Pigs and Farm Environment in Northwestern Italy

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 676
Author(s):  
Miryam Bonvegna ◽  
Elena Grego ◽  
Bruno Sona ◽  
Maria Cristina Stella ◽  
Patrizia Nebbia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Nasal Swabs

Swine farming as a source of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been well documented. Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) have been less studied, but their importance as pathogens is increasing. MRCoNS are indeed considered relevant nosocomial pathogens; identifying putative sources of MRCoNS is thus gaining importance to prevent human health hazards. In the present study, we investigated MRSA and MRCoNS in animals and environment in five pigsties in a high farm-density area of northwestern Italy. Farms were three intensive, one intensive with antibiotic-free finishing, and one organic. We tested nasal swabs from 195 animals and 26 environmental samples from three production phases: post-weaning, finishing and female breeders. Phenotypic tests, including MALDI-TOF MS, were used for the identification of Staphylococcus species; PCR and nucleotide sequencing confirmed resistance and bacterial species. MRCoNS were recovered in 64.5% of nasal swabs, in all farms and animal categories, while MRSA was detected only in one post-weaning sample in one farm. The lowest prevalence of MRCoNS was detected in pigs from the organic farm and in the finishing of the antibiotic-free farm. MRCoNS were mainly Staphylococcus sciuri, but we also recovered S. pasteuri, S. haemolyticus, S. cohnii, S. equorum and S. xylosus. Fifteen environmental samples were positive for MRCoNS, which were mainly S. sciuri; no MRSA was found in the farms’ environment. The analyses of the mecA gene and the PBP2-a protein highlighted the same mecA fragment in strains of S. aureus, S. sciuri and S. haemolyticus. Our results show the emergence of MRCoNS carrying the mecA gene in swine farms. Moreover, they suggest that this gene might be horizontally transferred from MRCoNS to bacterial species more relevant for human health, such as S. aureus.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Erythromycin Resistance in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Raw Milk

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Mahdavi ◽  
Fatemeh Zaboli ◽  
Rahem Khoshbakht
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are one of the most important multidrug resistant microorganisms that threaten human health. Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of erythromycin resistance among MRSA isolates recovered from raw milk in Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 MRSA isolates were recovered from raw milk. Tests for erythromycin and clindamycin susceptibility and inducible clindamycin resistance were done. In addition, the presence of the methicillin resistance determinant (mecA), erythromycin resistance genes (ermA, ermB, ermC and msrA) and an important virulence gene (Panton– Valentine leukocidin) were investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: Forty-eight percent (24/50) and 46% (23/50) of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin, respectively. Seven (14%) isolates showed inducible clindamycin resistance phenotype. The mecA gene was detected in 88% (44/50) of MRSA isolates. The incidence of the ermA, ermB, ermC and msrA genes was 14%, 64%, 12%, and 26%, respectively and the PVL gene was present in 18% (9/50) of MRSA isolates. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the incidence of erythromycin resistance genes and inducible clindamycin-resistant MRSA strains was high in raw milk samples in Iran.

scholarly journals Molecular detection and typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from cattle, animal handlers, and their environment from Karnataka, Southern Province of India

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1760-1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimita Venugopal ◽  
Susweta Mitra ◽  
Rituparna Tewari ◽  
Feroze Ganaie ◽  
Rajeswari Shome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Background and Aim: Methicillin-resistant staphylococci are among the emerging pathogens which have become a threat to both human and animal health. The present investigation intended to examine the occurrence and the molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) recovered from cattle, its handlers, and their environment. Materials and Methods: A total of 666 specimens were subjected to culture method and genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the identification of Staphylococcus. Methicillin resistance was substantiated by PCR identification of mecA and mecC resistance determinants. Species-specific identification of mecA positive isolates was conducted by multiplex PCR. The unidentified species were deciphered by 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach. The mecA positive isolates were further characterized by staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results: Duplex PCR identified 728 Staphylococcus isolates, of which 66 (9%) were positive for mecA gene. MRSA constituted 24% of the total mecA positive isolates. Among MRCoNS, Staphylococcus epidermidis (42%), and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (11%) were the most common species identified. Overall, 47% of the mecA positive isolates belonged to SCCmec type V. MLST analysis showed eight different sequence types (STs) among MRSA isolates of which five were novel STs. Among methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis, 19 different STs were found, of which nine novel STs were detected. Conclusion: The increase in the prevalence of mecA positive staphylococci, especially MRCoNS in cattle is a great concern in view of their transmission potential. Hence, continuous monitoring and molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant staphylococci should be elucidated in human and animal sectors so as to prevent the spread of these resistant pathogens.

scholarly journals Dressed chicken as potential vehicle for spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Sokoto, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. FSO619
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A Musawa ◽  
Yusuf Yakubu ◽  
Bashiru Garba ◽  
Fatimah M Ballah ◽  
Hassan Abdurrahman Jibril ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Resistance Screening ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Oxacillin Resistance ◽  
Chicken Carcass ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Aim: To evaluate the role of dressed chicken in the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Sokoto, Nigeria. Materials and methods: 190 chicken carcass rinsates were subjected to culture and biochemical analyses to isolate and identify MRSA. PCR was used to amplify mecA gene that is responsible for methicillin resistance. Results & conclusion: Culture and molecular analysis showed 19.5% (37/190) of the rinse had MRSA on oxacillin-resistance screening agar base (ORSAB) with 7.9% (15/190) possessing the mecA gene. Significant association (p = 0.044) exist between local-chicken and presence of MRSA, being twice more likely to have MRSA compared to exotic-chickens (odds ratio [OR] = 2.132). Results indicate possible role of dressed-chicken in the spread of MRSA. Authorities should regulate the sale and use of antibiotics by farmers, and enhance hygienic practices at slaughterhouses.

scholarly journals Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Based Typing of Staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassette mec of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Selected Hospitals in Lahore

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romeeza T ◽  
Naeem R ◽  
Nadeem A
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Sccmec Types

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. Prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been reported in up to 42% of isolates in Pakistan. Methicillin resistance is encoded by the mecA gene and it is transferred by a unique genetic vector called staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCCmec). Depending upon the selection pressures of antibiotics, different types of SCCmec elements may prevail in different parts of the world. Materials and Methods: Therefore, this study was designed to fi nd out the major SCCmec types present in selected hospitals of Lahore. For this purpose thirty fi ve MRSA isolates were collected. These strains were reconfi rmed and SCCmec types were determined by multiplex PCR. Results: It was found that 21 (60%) isolates possess SCCmec type IA while 14 (40%) isolates possess SCCmec type IIC. Conclusion: These cassettes are shown to be multiresistant and have not been reported in other Asian countries so far.

scholarly journals Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Ready-to-Eat Shellfish (Corbiculid heterodont) in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
Seighazi Regina Egege ◽  
Nedie Patience Akani ◽  
Chidiebele Emmanuel Ikechukwu Nwankwo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Awareness Campaigns

Aims/Objective: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a dominant cause of severe healthcare-associated (HA) infections but has recently emerged as Community-Associated (CA-MRSA) and Livestock-Associated MRSA (LA-MRSA). This study was carried out to detect the presence of Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus in Ready-to-Eat (RTE) Corbiculid heterodont in Bayelsa state, Nigeria. Place of Study: This study was conducted in Yenagoa, Southern Ijaw and Sagbama Local Government Areas, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Methodology: Fifty-three samples (dried, fried and stewed) of the RTE C. heterodont were collected and subjected to standard microbiological procedures. Results: Seventy Staphylococcus spp. were isolated, consisting of 65 (92.86%) S. aureus and 5 (7.14%) coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CONS). Out of the 65 S. aureus isolates, 53.8% were MRSA. Susceptibility pattern of MRSA showed a decreasing trend of resistance in the order: Amoxacillin, Ampicillin-Cloxacillin, Cefoxitin, and Oxacillin (100%) > Streptomycin (82.9%) >Ceftriaxone (40%) >Cefuroxime (31.4%), > Ciprofloxacin and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (17.1%) > Gentamycin and Pefloxacin (8.6%) > Erythromycin (2.9%).Out of the 65 S. aureus isolates, 62 (95.4%) had Multidrug Resistance Index > 0.2 while 3 (4.6%) had 0.2 as their Multidrug Resistance Index. The MRSA isolates were 100% Multidrug Resistant (MDR) while the Methicillin-Sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) were 90% MDR. Molecular characterization of ten S. aureus isolates confirmed 80% S. aureus isolates and 20% CONS (S. sciuri and S. warneri).  Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Agarose gel-electrophoresis were used to detect the presence of mecA gene, a gene that confers methicillin resistance. The mecA gene with size 500bp was identified in 50% of MRSA. This study reported presence of MRSA and MDR S. aureus in C. heterodont sold in Bayelsa state, Nigeria. This could be the avenue for the spread of MRSA. Public health awareness campaigns should be advocated to enhance hygienic practices in the handling and distribution of food.

scholarly journals Genomic identification of Toxic shock syndrome producing and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in human and sheep isolates

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 941
Author(s):  
A. MOKHTARI ◽  
A. EBRAHIMI KAHRIZSANGI ◽  
P. HASANI
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Skin Infection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Protein Toxins ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin

Disease-associated Staphylococcus aureus strains often promote infections by producing potent protein toxins such as toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST). The mecA gene allows a bacterium to be resistant to antibiotics such as methicillin, penicillin and other penicillin-like antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus strains producing these two genes. In this study, within 110 cases isolated in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated by microbiological methods. Then PCR was done for 66 samples to identify the mecA and TSST-1 genes. The results showed within 30 samples of human skin infection 18 cases (60%) were MRSA and 5 samples (16.66%) were positive for TSST-1 gene. Within 36 samples of ewe subacute mastitis 10 samples (27.77%) and 5 (13.88%) had mecA and TSST-1 genes respectively. Therefore the prevalence of methicillin resistance and toxic shock syndrome producing Staphylococcus aureus isolates was significant in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari. Due to the presence of these isolates in Iran and their threatening role in public health, more attention for their monitoring and treatment is essential.

scholarly journals Panton Valentine Gene in both Community-acquired and Healthcare-acquired Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Ain Shams University Hospitals

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Mohamed ◽  
L F Fathi ◽  
N N Salaheldeen
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Abstract Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major pathogen that is associated with both hospital and community infections. Panton Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is an important virulence factor of S. aureus that is considered by many authors a marker of community acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA). Aim of the Work This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PVL genes among healthcare acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) and CA-MRSA isolates, and to test the hypothesis that PVL is a reliable marker of CA-MRSA isolates. Material and Methods This comparative cross-sectional study was done on fifteen community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) and fifteen hospital acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA), obtained from patients attending outpatient clinics, presenting with community-acquired pyogenic infections and patients with healthcare acquired pyogenic infections in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), during the period from May 2017 till February 2018. Clinical specimens included pus and different body fluids. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated and identified using conventional microbiological methods3. Isolates were then tested for methicillin resistance by culture on mannitol salt agar (MSA) with cefoxitin4. The presence of mecA and pvl genes in all MRSA isolates was subsequently detected by PCR5,6. Results Among 15 HA-MRSA isolates, mecA gene was positive in 40% (6/15) of isolates, while pvl gene was positive in 53.3% (8/15) of isolates. Among 15 CA-MRSA isolates, mecA gene was positive in 46.7% (7/15) of isolates, while pvl gene was positive in 26.7% (4/15) of isolates. Conclusion We conclude that pvl gene is not a sole genetic marker for diagnosis CA-MRSA, as there was no significant correlation between mecA that encodes for methicillin resistance and pvl genes among fifteen CA-MRSA isolates (P value =1).

EVALUATION OF THE METHOSD FOR DETECTION METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.

2013 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Thi Kim Chi Nguyen ◽  
Dinh Binh Tran ◽  
Thi Nam Lien Nguyen ◽  
Van Tuan Mai ◽  
Godreuil Sylvain
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains

Objective: To evaluate the infections that caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the value of the tests to detect Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Subjects and Methods: Used routine techniques to culture and isolate S.aureus, test the antibiotic sensitivity by Kirby-Bauerr, determination the Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Oxacillin and cefoxitin disc and PCR in identified the mecA gene Staphylococcus aureus. Results: The rate of Staphylococcus aureus isolated is highest which isolated from pus specimens (55.06%). In 267 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in the Department of Microbiology, Hue Central Hospital the Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus was 61.42%. The level of antibiotic resistant strains of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is higher than that in Methicillin-sensitive strains. Conclusion: Cefoxitin 30 microg disk diffusion method to detect Methicillin resistance is effective for determinate Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (sensitivity and specificity are all 100.00%). Key words: Staphylococcus aureus Methicillin-resistant.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document