scholarly journals Chromatographic Analysis and In Vitro Cytotoxic Properties of Different Root Extracts of Hermannia geniculata Eckl. & Zeyh on Vero, HepG2 And RAW 264.7 Macrophage

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
L.A. Adeniran ◽  
A.O.T. Ashafa
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Raw 264.7 Macrophage

Hermannia geniculata is widely used in the management of several illnesses in South African traditional medicine. Chromatographic analysis, in vitro cytotoxicity, and biological activities of secondary metabolites present in Hermannia geniculata root extracts were investigated. Vero monkey kidney cells, human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells, and RAW 264.7 macrophage cell lines were used to determine the cytotoxicity of the extracts using MTT assay. The capabilities of the plant extracts to inhibit 5-lipoxygenase enzyme activities, the overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) following lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages by the ethanol extract was evaluated. Results showed selective toxicity of the extracts with LC50 values of Vero cells ranging from (0.40-0.57 mg/mL) while the LC50 value of HepG2 cells varies between (0.016-0.136 mg/mL). The selectivity indexes (SI) were recorded (31.87, 18.87, 33.33, and 13.52) for ethanol, hydro-ethanol, decoction, and aqueous extracts respectively. The ethanol extract inhibited NO production in a concentration-dependent manner showing a decrease of 82% at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL. Its LC50 value (3.64  mg/mL) is lower and significantly different (p<0.05) compared to quercetin (standard) with an LC50 (8.28 mg/mL). Similarly, the ethanol extract is a potent inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase enzyme with the lowest IC50 value of 0.14 mg/mL which is significantly different (p<0.05) from other extracts and indomethacin (standard). The GC-MS chromatograms of the ethanol extract revealed five principal compounds that have been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal properties. This result indicated that Hermannia  geniculata root extracts is not toxic to Vero and RAW 264.7 macrophage cell lines and toxic to HepG2 cell lines used in this experiment, it may also possesses antiiflammatory and antiploriferative activities which could be exploited in the development of new, safer, and efficacious drugs. Keywords: Cytotoxicity; Nitric oxide; 5-lipoxygenase; Hermannia geniculata, Antioxidant GCMS.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cytotoxic and Immunomodulatory Properties of Piper nigrum Linn. (White Pepper) Seed Extract

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Saravanan ◽  
M Sheik Noor Mohamed ◽  
K. Jaikumar ◽  
D. Anand
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
White Pepper ◽  
Significant Stimulation ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties ◽  
Pepper Seed

Macrophages are tissue-based phagocytes that play the central role in initiating defence mechanism of host immunity. Macrophage expresses inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) that inhibit pathogen replication by releasing a variety of effector molecules which includes nitric oxide (NO). In the present study ethanol extract of Piper nigrum Linn. (white pepper) seed was investigated for its cytotoxicity and in vitro immunomodulatory properties using cell proliferation and NO determination assay with J774a-1, macrophage cell line. The ethanol seed extract was found to exhibit toxicity at higher concentrations of 50?g/ml and 100?g/ml. The seed preparation was observed to enhance both, the proliferation of macrophage cell with higher percentage proliferation of 29.24 at 12.5?g/ml and the production of NO with significant stimulation level of 47.74% at 12.5?g/ml compared to the control. Since the results show the modulator effect of Piper nigrum Linn. seed on macrophage cells, it could be considered to possess immunomodulatory potential.

scholarly journals New Furanocembranoids from Briareum violaceum

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pin-Chang Huang ◽  
Wen-Sou Lin ◽  
Bo-Rong Peng ◽  
Yu-Chia Chang ◽  
Lee-Shing Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Macrophage Cell Line ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

Three new furanocembranoids—briaviodiol F (1) and briaviotriols A (2) and B (3)—along with a known analogue, briaviodiol A (4), were obtained from a cultured-type octocoral Briareum violaceum. The structures of cembranoids 1–3 were elucidated by using spectroscopic methods. In vitro study demonstrated that compounds 2 and 4 exerted inhibition effects on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) release from RAW 264.7, a macrophage cell line that originated from a mouse monocyte macrophage, stimulated with lipopolysaccharides.

scholarly journals α2-Macroglobulin Functions as a Cytokine Carrier to Induce Nitric Oxide Synthesis and Cause Nitric Oxide-dependent Cytotoxicity in the RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cell Line

1995 ◽  
Vol 270 (37) ◽  
pp. 21919-21927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Lysiak ◽  
Isa M. Hussaini ◽  
Donna J. Webb ◽  
William F. Glass ◽  
Margaretta Allietta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthesis ◽  
Macrophage Cell Line ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Raw 264.7 Macrophage ◽  
Α2 Macroglobulin

Immune Enhancing Effect of Medicinal Herb Extracts on a RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cell Line

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1521-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-Reum Yu ◽  
Ho-Young Park ◽  
In-Wook Choi ◽  
Yong-Kon Park ◽  
Hee-Do Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Medicinal Herb ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Macrophage Cell Line ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Raw 264.7 Macrophage ◽  
Herb Extracts

scholarly journals In Vitro Cytotoxic Effects of Secondary Metabolites Present in Sarcopoterium Spinosum L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5300
Author(s):  
Jozef Hudec ◽  
Jan Mojzis ◽  
Marta Habanova ◽  
Jorge A. Saraiva ◽  
Pavel Hradil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Sarcopoterium Spinosum ◽  
Mcf 7

Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) is a medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases including cancer in the Near- and Middle East. The fractions and constituents of the ethanol extract of S. spinosum were screened for in vitro cytotoxic activities on Jurkat (acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia), HeLa (cervical adenocarcinoma), MCF-7 (mammary gland adenocarcinoma), Caco-2 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma), and MDA-MB-231 (mammary gland adenocarcinoma) cell lines using the MTT (3-(dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The ethanol extract was subsequently re-extracted with ethyl acetate and in its sub-fraction obtained by column chromatography three compounds (stachydrine, benzalkonium chloride and rutine) were the first time identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The most active subfraction showed cytotoxic activity against HeLa, MCF-7, and Caco-2 cell lines. The three compounds mentioned, as standards of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quality, were studied individually and in combination. Cytotoxic activity observed might be due to the presence of benzalkonium chloride and rutin. Benzalkonium chloride showed the strongest growth suppression effect against HeLa cells (IC50 8.10−7 M) and MCF-7 cells (IC50 5.10−6 M). The mixture of stachydrine and benzalkonium chloride allowed a synergistic cytotoxic effect against all tested cancer and normal cells to be obtained. Anti-cancer activity of the plant extract of S. spinosum remains under-investigated, so this research describes how the three major compounds identified in the ethyl acetate extract can exert a significant dose dependent in vitro cytotoxicity.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides Isolated from the Edible Brown Seaweed, Sargassum fulvellum

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Hye-Won Yang ◽  
Ginnae Ahn ◽  
Xiaoting Fu ◽  
Jiachao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Raw 264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Sargassum Fulvellum ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

In the present study, the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of the sulfated polysaccharides isolated from Sargassum fulvellum (SFPS) were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and zebrafish. The results indicated that SFPS improved the viability of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages from 80.02 to 86.80, 90.09, and 94.62% at the concentration of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL, respectively. Also, SFPS remarkably and concentration-dependently decreased the production levels of inflammatory molecules including nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, prostaglandin E2, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6 in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, SFPS significantly inhibited the expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, the in vivo test results indicated that SFPS improved the survival rate of LPS-treated zebrafish from 53.33 to 56.67, 60.00, and 70.00% at the concentration of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, SFPS effectively reduced cell death, reactive oxygen species, and NO levels in LPS-stimulated zebrafish. Taken together, these results suggested that SFPS possesses strong in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities, and could be used as an ingredient to develop anti-inflammatory agents in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries.

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