scholarly journals Assessment of Cytotoxic and Immunomodulatory Properties of Piper nigrum Linn. (White Pepper) Seed Extract

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Saravanan ◽  
M Sheik Noor Mohamed ◽  
K. Jaikumar ◽  
D. Anand
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
White Pepper ◽  
Significant Stimulation ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties ◽  
Pepper Seed

Macrophages are tissue-based phagocytes that play the central role in initiating defence mechanism of host immunity. Macrophage expresses inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) that inhibit pathogen replication by releasing a variety of effector molecules which includes nitric oxide (NO). In the present study ethanol extract of Piper nigrum Linn. (white pepper) seed was investigated for its cytotoxicity and in vitro immunomodulatory properties using cell proliferation and NO determination assay with J774a-1, macrophage cell line. The ethanol seed extract was found to exhibit toxicity at higher concentrations of 50?g/ml and 100?g/ml. The seed preparation was observed to enhance both, the proliferation of macrophage cell with higher percentage proliferation of 29.24 at 12.5?g/ml and the production of NO with significant stimulation level of 47.74% at 12.5?g/ml compared to the control. Since the results show the modulator effect of Piper nigrum Linn. seed on macrophage cells, it could be considered to possess immunomodulatory potential.

scholarly journals Chromatographic Analysis and In Vitro Cytotoxic Properties of Different Root Extracts of Hermannia geniculata Eckl. & Zeyh on Vero, HepG2 And RAW 264.7 Macrophage

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
L.A. Adeniran ◽  
A.O.T. Ashafa
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Raw 264.7 Macrophage

Hermannia geniculata is widely used in the management of several illnesses in South African traditional medicine. Chromatographic analysis, in vitro cytotoxicity, and biological activities of secondary metabolites present in Hermannia geniculata root extracts were investigated. Vero monkey kidney cells, human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells, and RAW 264.7 macrophage cell lines were used to determine the cytotoxicity of the extracts using MTT assay. The capabilities of the plant extracts to inhibit 5-lipoxygenase enzyme activities, the overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) following lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages by the ethanol extract was evaluated. Results showed selective toxicity of the extracts with LC50 values of Vero cells ranging from (0.40-0.57 mg/mL) while the LC50 value of HepG2 cells varies between (0.016-0.136 mg/mL). The selectivity indexes (SI) were recorded (31.87, 18.87, 33.33, and 13.52) for ethanol, hydro-ethanol, decoction, and aqueous extracts respectively. The ethanol extract inhibited NO production in a concentration-dependent manner showing a decrease of 82% at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL. Its LC50 value (3.64  mg/mL) is lower and significantly different (p<0.05) compared to quercetin (standard) with an LC50 (8.28 mg/mL). Similarly, the ethanol extract is a potent inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase enzyme with the lowest IC50 value of 0.14 mg/mL which is significantly different (p<0.05) from other extracts and indomethacin (standard). The GC-MS chromatograms of the ethanol extract revealed five principal compounds that have been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal properties. This result indicated that Hermannia  geniculata root extracts is not toxic to Vero and RAW 264.7 macrophage cell lines and toxic to HepG2 cell lines used in this experiment, it may also possesses antiiflammatory and antiploriferative activities which could be exploited in the development of new, safer, and efficacious drugs. Keywords: Cytotoxicity; Nitric oxide; 5-lipoxygenase; Hermannia geniculata, Antioxidant GCMS.

Anti-inflammatory and Anti-HIV Compounds from Swertia bimaculata

Planta Medica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (17) ◽  
pp. 1368-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Dong ◽  
Li-Qiu Quan ◽  
Wei-Feng Dai ◽  
Shi-Li Yan ◽  
Chin-Ho Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Oxide Production ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

AbstractThree new compounds (1 – 3), including a sesterterpenoid, aspterpenacid C (1), with an unusual 5/3/7/6/5 pentacyclic skeleton, together with seven known ones (4 – 10), were isolated from the ethanol extract of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Swertia bimaculata. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of the methods of spectroscopic NMR, MS, and computational chemistry. The structure of 1 was further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1 – 10 were tested for activities on the inhibition of nitric oxide production and HIV-1 replication in vitro. Compound 1 exhibited moderate activity in inhibiting nitric oxide production (IC50 = 16.1 µM) and HIV-1 replication (EC50 = 1.35 µM).

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antifungi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Eryngium foetidum L. Terhadap Pertumbuhan Xeromyces sp. secara in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines S Simatupang Elvi Rusmiyanto PW, Rikhsan Kurniatuhadi
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Eryngium Foetidum ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Eryngium foetidum is a plant commonly used a seasoning cuisine and has a variety of chemical compounds that potentially an antifungal. The ethanol extract Eryngium foetidum was tested against fungal isolate Xi.01. The isolat Xi.01 isolated from the pepper (Piper Nigrum) stem was identified as Xeromyces sp. This study aimed to determine the ability of the antifungal ethanol extract of Eryngium foetidum against Xeromyces sp. (Xi.01). This study used solid dilution method and completely randomized design using 18 treatments, i.e negative control, positive control, diethanolamide concentration of 2.5; 5; 7.5 and 10% combined with the ethanol extract concentration of Eryngium foetidum of 5; 10; 20 and 40%. The results showed 16 treatment combinations had the same low antifungal activity level in the range 13,59-22,40%

scholarly journals In-vivo Anti-plasmodial Activity of Ethanol Tetracarpidium conophorum Seed Extract and Its Anti-typhoidal Activity In-vitro

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Faith Temiloluwa Oladipo ◽  
Ebenezer Oluyemi Dada
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Group 2

Aim: This study was conducted to assess the in-vivo anti-plasmodial activity of ethanol Tetracarpidium conophorum seed extract and its anti-typhoidal activity in-vitro. Study Design: Experimental study. Methodology: Standard methods were conducted to determine the acute toxicity test of Tetracarpidium conophorum seed ethanol extract, determination of Body Weight and Temperature of Mice, determination of antibacterial activity of Tetracarpidium conophorum seed crude extract and antibiotic sensitivity testing of clinical and typed Salmonella Typhi isolates Results: There were no signs of toxicity such as paw licking, sleeping, reduced activity,             respiratory distress observed in mice and there were no mortality. Changes occurred in the              weight of mice in group 1 (mice treated with 200mg/kg) from 19.71g to 14.50g wherein significant increment was observed only from day 3 to 4 (18.67g to 16.00g), group 2 (mice treated                       with 400mg/kg) 19.71g to 16.00g). The ethanol extract of Tetracapidium conophorum were all resistant to typed isolates of Salmonella typhimurium and clinical isolates of Salmonella typhimurium at 6.01±0.10 mm. Ciprofloxacin (5 µg) had the highest zone of inhibition at 32.50±2.50 mm against typed Salmonella typhimurium while tetracycline (30 µg) had the least at 15.50±0.50 mm. Conclusion: This study has revealed the anti-plasmodial efficacy of Tetracarpidium conophorum seed. Findings have shown that the ethanol seed extract of T. conophorum relatively possess anti-plasmodial and anti-typhodial activities compared to the positive antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella typhi. Auxiliary evaluation must be conducted to establish the anti-typhoidal activity of ethanol T. conophorum extract in-vivo.

scholarly journals Human Lymphocyte-Protective Effects of an Ethanol Extract from Detarium microcarpum Guill. and Perr. (Caesalpiniaceae) Fruit Pulp

Antioxidants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Ablassé Rouamba ◽  
Moussa Compaoré ◽  
Maurice Ouédraogo ◽  
Martin Kiendrebeogo
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Human Lymphocyte ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Detarium Microcarpum ◽  
Tert Butyl Hydroperoxide

The current study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, the antioxidant capacity and the human lymphocyte-protective effect of the ethanolic extract from Detarium microcarpum fruit pulp against oxidative stress damage. Human lymphocytes were incubated with different concentrations of extract, followed by the addition of hydrogen peroxide or tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Cell viability was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Furthermore, the antioxidant property of the extract was evaluated in vitro using hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide radical-scavenging assays. Compared to the vehicle, the fruit pulp ethanol extract did not exhibit a cytotoxic effect on human lymphocytes. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide to human lymphocytes was significantly reduced by fruit extract pretreatment. The extract and ascorbic acid exhibited similar cytoprotective activity (p > 0.05). The fruit pulp extract showed more antioxidant activity than gallic acid in the hydrogen peroxide-scavenging model, while in the nitric oxide-quenching model, the fruit extract and gallic acid showed similar activity. The fruit pulp of D. microcarpum contains potent antioxidant and cell-protective compounds. The use of the fruit pulp of D. microcarpum as a food supplement could rescue cellular oxidative damage responsible for numerous pathologies.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, DIURETIC AND HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTIVITIES OF ETHANOL EXTRACT FROM LEAF OF CHRYSOPHYLLUM ALBIDUM G. IN WISTAR ABINO RATS

2018 ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Olorunshola Dave Omodamiro ◽  
Chinedu Nwankwo
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Medicinal Uses

Chrysophyllum albidum G. is generally regarded as a plant with many ethno-medicinal uses. The study was aimed at evaluating the in vitro antioxidant, diuretic, and hypoglycemic properties of the ethanol extract of leaves of C. albidum Male Wistar albino rats weighing between 150g and 200g were used for the experiment. The DPPH scavenging activity was determined using DPPH assay, inhibition of lipid peroxidation was carried out using the reactions of peroxides with thiobarbituric acid, while nitric oxide was conducted based on the Greiss reaction. Diuretic activity was carried out using the method of Lipschitz with slight modifications. Alloxan (140 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes in the rats. The extract showed a concentration-dependent increase in DPPH radical scavenging activity, anti-lipid peroxidation activity, and nitric oxide inhibition activity maximal at 200 mg/ml (84.99±7.97, 79.82±6.10, 69.99±2.22 respectively) and this was significant (p<0.05) when compared with that of 100 mg/ml of vitamin C (97.68±0.84, 99.05±0.24 and 98.15±0.29 respectively) which served as the control. The extract also significantly (p<0.05) increased; urine volume, urinary sodium, and urinary chloride particularly at 2000 mg/kg (1.55±0.07, 109.60±0.57, and 106.00±1.41 respectively) when compared with the standard drug (1.85±0.07, 115.20±0.57, and 112.85±0.49 respectively). The increase in potassium excretion was also significant (p<0.05) particularly at 2000 mg/kg (13.70±0.28) but less than those of sodium (109.60±0.57) and chloride (106.00±1.41) at the same concentration. There was no significant (p<0.05) increase in urinary bicarbonate the maximum being at 250 mg/kg (22.55±0.78). The extract caused a non-significant (p<0.05) decrease in the fasting blood glucose level of the rats. It was concluded that the leaves of C. albidum could be used as a source of natural antioxidant boosters and also a diuretic.

scholarly journals Metabolomic Screening of Anti-Inflammatory Compounds from the Leaves of Actinidia arguta (Hardy Kiwi)

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyoung-Deuck Kim ◽  
Jin Lee ◽  
Joong-Hyuck Auh
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
No Production ◽  
Actinidia Arguta ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

The metabolomic screening of potential anti-inflammatory compounds in the leaves of Actinidia arguta was performed by using LC-MS/MS. Ethanol extracts were prepared, and the anti-inflammatory effects were investigated based on nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. The 75% ethanol extract showed the highest inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production, and it was further separated by in vitro bioassay-guided fractionation using preparative LC with reversed-phase column separation. Through multiple steps of fractionation, sub-fraction 1-3 was finally purified, and caffeic acid derivatives, such as caffeoylthreonic acid and danshensu (salvianic acid A), were successfully identified as key anti-inflammatory compounds by LC-MS/MS and metabolomics analyses. This is the first study identifying anti-inflammatory compounds in A. arguta (Actinidia arguta) leaves through bioassay-guided fractionation and metabolomics screening. Results of this study would be useful for the application of A. arguta leaves as a nutraceutical.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Effect of the Ethanol Extract of Illicium henryi against Acute Liver Injury in Mice Induced by Lipopolysaccharide

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam ◽  
Yu ◽  
Miao ◽  
Liu ◽  
He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Oxidative And Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Stress Burden

The root bark of Illicium henryi has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat lumbar muscle strain and rheumatic pain. Its ethanol extract (EEIH) has been previously reported to attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute kidney injury in mice. The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activities and in vivo protective effects of EEIH against LPS-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice as well as explore its molecular mechanisms. The mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with EEIH at the doses of 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/kg every day for 5 days. One hour after the last administration, the mice were administered i.p. with LPS (8 mg/kg). After fasting for 12 h, blood and liver tissues were collected to histopathological observation, biochemical assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blot analyses. EEIH possessed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid) disodium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activities and ferric-reducing antioxidant capacity in vitro. The histopathological examination, serum biochemical analysis, and liver myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity showed that EEIH pretreatment alleviated LPS-induced liver injury in mice. EEIH significantly dose-dependently decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2 in liver tissue of LPS-induced ALI mice via downregulating the mRNA and protein expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and inhibiting the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65. Furthermore, EEIH markedly ameliorated liver oxidative and nitrosative stress burden in LPS-treated mice through reducing the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nitric oxide (NO) levels, restoring the decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and up-regulating nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). These results demonstrate that EEIH has protective effects against ALI in mice via alleviating inflammatory response, oxidative and nitrosative stress burden through activating the Nrf2 and suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways. The hepatoprotective activity of EEIH might be attributed to the flavonoid compounds such as catechin (1), 3′,4′,7-trihydroxyflavone (2), and taxifolin (7) that most possibly act synergistically.

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