scholarly journals Psychoactive Substance Use among Second-Year and Third-Year Medical Students of a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (238) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisha Sapkota ◽  
Vinutha Silvanus ◽  
Priyanka Shah ◽  
Sanjeev Chandra Gautam ◽  
Anjeel Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
World Health ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Second Year

Introduction: Psychoactive substance use among medical students is common. This may not only pose a threat to their health and academic performance but may have medico-legal and ethical ramifications. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of six psychoactive substances (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, benzodiazepines, opioids) among second year and third year medical students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional was done in a medical college. Whole sampling was done and ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference Number: 54-074/075). The study was conducted from May 2018 to June 2018. A semi-structured self-administered questionnaire modified and adapted from World Health Organization's guidelines for student substance use survey was used to collect data from second year and third year medical students. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16.0 was used for analysis. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 226 total respondents, 95 (42.0%) (35.55- 48.45 at 95% Confidence Interval) reported current use of one or more psychoactive substances. Most frequently used substance was alcohol with current use prevalence of 87 (38.5%), followed by smoking 39 (17.3%) and cannabis 27 (11.9%). Cocaine, benzodiazepines and opioids were the least consumed substances with current use prevalence of 2 (0.9%) each. Conclusions: Almost half of the students were currently using one or more psychoactive substances which is concerning, and therefore strategies must be adopted to alleviate such use.

Salud mental y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes colombianos

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Viviana Cruz Ramírez ◽  
Carlos Gómez Restrepo ◽  
Carlos J Rincón
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salud Mental ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
National Mental Health ◽  
Consumo De Sustancias

Introducción: Se ha propuesto una estrecha asociación entre trastornos del afecto y ansiedad en adolescentes con consumo de sustancias. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y los trastornos mentales más frecuentes asociados éste consumo, en adolescentes colombianos. Metodología: Estudio transversal, con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Mental 2015. Con adolescentes entre 12 y 17 años, en quienes se les aplicó CIDI-CAPI (versión 21.1.3) asistida por computador y Assist modificado. Resultados: Se describió información de 408 adolescentes entre 12 y 17 años que reportan consumo de sustancias psicoactivas por lo menos una vez en la vida, siendo una muestra representativa a nivel nacional. Se encontró que la sustancia de mayor consumo fue el alcohol con una prevalencia de 16,6% (IC95% 14,2-19,2), Bogotá constituye la región con mayor consumo de sustancias con una prevalencia de 33,8% (IC95% 24,7-44,2). Ser hombre entre los 16 y 17 años representa un factor de riesgo para consumo de sustancias, así mismo, presentar trastornos del afecto aumenta 2,28 veces el riesgo de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Conclusiones: La población adolescente con trastornos del afecto o ansiedad se encuentra en mayor riesgo de consumir sustancias psicoactivas. Introduction: An association between affective and anxiety disorders has been proposed in adolescents with substance use. Objective: To determine the prevalence of psychoactive substance use and the most frequent mental disorders associated with this consumption, in Colombian adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that uses data from the National Mental Health Survey 2015. With adolescents between 12 and 17 years old, in whom CIDI-CAPI (version 21.1.3) was applied by computer and modified ASSIST. Results: A total of 408 adolescents between 12 and 17 years old who reported psychoactive substance use at least once in their lives were described , this group was  a representative sample of national population. The most frequent consumed substance was alcohol with a prevalence of 16.6% (95% CI, 14.2-19.2), Bogotá is the region with the highest consumption of substances with a prevalence of 33.8% (IC95 % 24.7-44.2). Otherwise, being a man between 16 and 17 years old represents a risk factor for substance use. Likewise, presenting affective disorders increases by 2.28 times the risk of psychoactive substance use. Conclusions: adolescents with affective or anxiety disorders are at higher risk of psychoactive substances use, making difficult the treatment and desmonstrating the vulnerability of this population. 

scholarly journals Nigerian Medical Students’ Opinions about Individuals who use and Abuse Psychoactive Substances

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. SART.S12129
Author(s):  
Bawo O. James ◽  
Joyce O. Omoaregba
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Use Factors

Substance use disorders are prevalent in Nigeria. The number of available specialist health providers is inadequate to fill the treatment gap. Interventions can be provided by nonspecialist health providers and have been found to be beneficial. However, attitudes toward substance misuse and misusers can impede the provision of this service. We aimed to determine attitudes of medical trainees toward substance use by utilizing a modified form of the Substance Abuse Attitude Scale (SAAS). Medical students (n = 200) had positive attitudes toward individuals who misuse psychoactive substances. The medial students, however, preferred treatment to be offered by trained specialists and held restrictive views regarding cannabis and alcohol use. More positive attitudes were expressed by participants who were male or had a lifetime history of psychoactive substance use. The role of personal and family-related psychoactive substance use factors are probably associated with attitudinal responses and would require further exploration.

scholarly journals Do sexual expectancies and inhibitions predict high-risk sexual behaviours? Evidence from a cross-sectional survey among young psychoactive substance users in the informal settlements of Kampala, Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonny Ssekamatte ◽  
Simon P.S. Kibira ◽  
Moses Tetui ◽  
John Bosco Isunju ◽  
Richard K. Mugambe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sexual Partner ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Sexual Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Abstract Background The use of psychoactive substances is a public health challenge among young people in informal settlements. Though rarely examined, the use of psychoactive substances is linked to sexual expectancies and inhibitions, and consequently high-risk sexual behaviours. This study examined the association between sexual expectancies and inhibitions on high-risk sexual behaviours among young psychoactive substance users (PSU) in the informal settlements of Kampala, Uganda.MethodsThis cross-sectional study recruited 744 young PSU in the informal settlements of Kampala. Data were analysed using Stata 14 software. A ‘modified’ Poisson regression model was used for inferential statistics. Results Of the 744 study participants, 45.6% believed that psychoactive substance use improves sexual performance; 43.3% believed that psychoactive substances make sex more pleasurable; while more than half (53.3%) believed that psychoactive substances give courage or confidence to approach a partner for sex. The belief that psychoactive substance use improves sexual performance (PR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01-1.30), increases the likelihood of engaging in sex (PR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.04-1.40) or gives courage or confidence to approach a sexual partner (PR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05-1.39) were positively associated with ever having sex while under the influence of psychoactive substances. The belief that a psychoactive substance user, under the influence of psychoactive substances is more likely to engage in sex (PR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.15-1.90), and likely to find it difficult to refuse sex (PR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.06-1.55) were positively associated with engaging in multiple sexual partnerships. The belief that one easily forgets to use a condom when under the influence of psychoactive substances, was positively associated with inconsistent condom use (PR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.09-1.45).Conclusion Psychoactive substance use expectancies such as the belief that psychoactive substances improve sexual performance, and give courage or confidence to approach a sexual partner, and inhibitions such as an increased likelihood of engaging in sexual intercourse, finding difficulties in refusing to engage in sexual intercourse, and forgetting to use condoms while intoxicated predicted high-risk sexual behaviours among young PSU. Therefore, is essential to implement sexual and reproductive health and risk reduction interventions targeting young PSU in informal settlements.

scholarly journals Do sexual expectancies and inhibitions predict high-risk sexual behaviours? Evidence from a cross-sectional survey among young psychoactive substance users in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonny Ssekamatte ◽  
Simon P. S. Kibira ◽  
Moses Tetui ◽  
John Bosco Isunju ◽  
Richard K. Mugambe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Sexual Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Abstract Background Psychoactive substance use is a public health challenge among young people in informal settlements. Though rarely examined, psychoactive substance use is linked to sexual expectancies and inhibitions, and consequently high-risk sexual behaviours. This study examined the association between sexual expectancies and inhibitions, and high-risk sexual behaviours among young psychoactive substance users (PSUs) in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited 744 young PSUs from informal settlements in Kampala. Respondent driven sampling was used to recruit respondents. A ‘modified’ Poisson regression model was used for inferential statistics. Data were analysed using the Stata 14 software. Results Of the 744 study participants, 45.6% believed that psychoactive substance use improves sexual performance; 43.3% believed that psychoactive substances make sex more pleasurable, and 53.3% believed that psychoactive substances give courage or confidence to approach a partner for sex. The belief that psychoactive substance use improves sexual performance (PR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01–1.30), increases the likelihood of engaging in sex (PR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.04–1.40) or gives courage or confidence to approach a sexual partner (PR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05–1.39) were associated with having sex while under the influence of psychoactive substances. The belief that a psychoactive substance user under the influence of psychoactive substances is more likely to engage in sex (PR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.15–1.90), and likely to find it difficult to refuse sex (PR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.06–1.55) were positively associated with engaging in multiple sexual partnerships. The belief that one easily forgets to use a condom when under the influence of psychoactive substances was positively associated with inconsistent condom use (PR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.09–1.45). Conclusion Psychoactive substance use expectancies associated with high-risk sexual behaviours included the belief that psychoactive substances improve sexual performance and improve confidence in approaching a sexual partner. Psychoactive substance use inhibitions associated with high-risk sexual behaviours included an increased likelihood of engaging in sexual intercourse, difficulties in refusing to engage in sexual intercourse, and forgetting to use condoms while intoxicated. Interventions targeting a reduction in high-risk sexual behaviour should integrate the impact of psychoactive substance use on sexual behaviour.

scholarly journals Pes Planus Foot among the First and Second Year Medical Students of a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (236) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diwakar Kumar Shah ◽  
Sanzida Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pes Planus ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Second Year

Introduction: Foot is a complex segmented structure formed by the articulation of 26 different bones which are held together by multiple ligaments, extrinsic tendons and the intrinsic muscles of the feet. The assessment of median longitudinal arch serves as an important reference in determining the degree of pes planus or pes cavus. This study aims to find the prevalence of pes planus among the undergraduate medical students of a medical college. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the first- and second-year undergraduate medical students of a teaching hospital after taking ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee. The study was conducted from 15th November 2019 to 14th November 2020. Eighty-seven participants were involved in study using the random sampling technique. Foot prints were collected from the participants in the A4 size paper after applying ink over plantar surface of the foot. Measurements were done using the Autodesk Autocad software. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of the total subjects, 14 (8.04%) (5.14-10.94 at 95% Confidence Interval) presented with flat foot. Similarly, high arched foot was seen in 29 (16.67%) of subjects whereas normal arched foot was seen in 131 (75.29%) subjects. Conclusions: From the current study we conclude that the prevalence of pes planus was slightly higher than that compared with the similar studies.

scholarly journals Artists and psychoactive substances use

Psychiatriki ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efthymia Patsika ◽  
Minerva-Melpomeni Malliori
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
World Health ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
The World ◽  
Common Notion ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Study Hypothesis

It is a well-established common notion that artists appear to use and abuse psychoactive substances more frequently and heavily than non-artists. The purpose of this study was to investigate if this holds true. The sample consisted of 118 participants, both artists and non-artists. They were asked to complete the ASSIST questionnaire, developed by the World Health Organization, that includes closed questions on substance use along with an additional questionnaire on demographic characteristics. The questionnaires were posted online in a digital platform. The artists scored significantly higher on substance use than the other professionals. Women reported less psychoactive substance use compared to men. The results confirmed the study hypothesis, in line with previous research findings. The number of similar studies in the international literature is limited. Our results are particularly useful but due to significant limitations of this study further investigation is suggested, as well as further examination of the causes of the phenomenon.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of substance use among undergraduates in a developing country

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 875-883
Author(s):  
Chinyere Mirian Aguocha ◽  
Emeka Nwefoh
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Background: Psychoactive substance use is a major global public health issue. Use of psychoactive substances has been associated with negative consequences among students. Objective: The study assessed the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of psychoactive substance use among un- dergraduate students in a Nigerian university. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 763 undergraduate students of Imo State Uni- versity, Owerri, Nigeria, recruited using multi-stage sampling technique. Data on the socio-demographic characteristics and pattern of psychoactive substance use were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results: The lifetime rate of psychoactive substance use was 84.5%. Alcohol had the highest rate of lifetime (82.5%) and 12-month (61.1%) use. There was a similar rate of lifetime use of psychoactive substances among males (86.1%) and females (83.4%). Age (p<0.05) and place of residence (p<0.05) were significantly associated with lifetime psychoactive substance use. Catholics (OR:1.43; 1.03 – 1.99), whose friend (OR:1.94; 1.39 – 2.71), roommate (OR:3.06; (1.62 – 5.78) or broth- er (OR:1.22; 0.77 – 1.93) uses psychoactive substances were significantly more likely to have used substances in the past 12-months. Conclusion: There is a high rate of psychoactive substance use among the students. Age, religion, place of residence, family and peer use of substances are important determinants of psychoactive substance use. Keywords: Substance use; undergraduates; Nigeria.

scholarly journals Pattern and associated factors of psychoactive substance use among undergraduate students in a North-eastern Nigerian University

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
D. Sulyman ◽  
K.A. Ayanda ◽  
Y.M. Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Objective: There is an increased trend in the use of psychoactive substances among youths in Northern Nigeria. Youths use substances to enhance  performances. Studies have shown associations between drug use and psychiatric morbidity. This study examined the use of psychoactive  substances among undergraduates. It also assessed the presence of psychiatric morbidity among the users and nonusers of psychoactive drugs. Method: The study was a cross-sectional study using WHO Student Drug Use Survey Questionnaire and GHQ-12 for 983 undergraduates of a northern Nigeria university. Results: The prevalence rate of psychoactive substance use was 36.5%. Tobacco, stimulants and alcohol were commonly used drugs. Parental separation and fathers' use of drugs were factors associated with the use of psychoactive substances. Psychiatric morbidity among substance users and non-users were 31.0% and 11.8% Conclusion: The study found high rate for the use of psychoactive substances among the students with correspondingly high rate of psychiatric morbidity among the users of psychoactive substances. Keywords: Psychoactive substance; Psychiatric morbidity; undergraduate students.

Religious Uses of Licit and Illicit Psychoactive Substances in a Branch of the Santo Daime Religion

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward MacRae
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Santo Daime ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Constant Source

The article deals with the different effects of tolerant and prohibitionist policies associated with psychoactive substance use in Brazil. Whereas the licit use of ayahuasca has been successfully incorporated into mainstream Brazilian society, the ritual use of cannabis by one of the Santo Daime religious groups has never been fully accepted and remains a constant source of problems for the ayahuasca churches, their followers and society at large.

scholarly journals Associations between psychoactive substance use and sensation seeking behavior among drivers in Norway

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragnhild Elén Gjulem Jamt ◽  
Hallvard Gjerde ◽  
Håvard Furuhaugen ◽  
Giovanni Romeo ◽  
Vigdis Vindenes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Polydrug Use ◽  
The North ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Sensation Seeking Scale

Abstract BackgroundDrug use and risky driving is associated with sensation seeking. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between use of psychoactive substances and levels of the sensation seeking personality trait as measured with the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale 4 among drivers in Norway. MethodA cross-sectional design was applied to estimate the association between psychoactive substance use and sensation seeking behavior. Drivers in normal traffic were included in two roadside surveys: one in the north (September 2014 – October 2015) and the other in the south-east of Norway (April 2016 – April 2017). Oral fluid was analyzed for alcohol and psychoactive drugs, and data on sex, age and time of participation were recorded. Participants filled in the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale 4 questionnaire. ResultsA total of 8053 drivers were included, of which 32% were women and 62% were under 40 years. The prevalence of alcohol was 0.3%, stimulants 0.6%, tetrahydrocannabinol 1.4% and benzodiazepines and/or z-hypnotics 2.0% and polydrug use 0.6% Associations between the use of tetrahydrocannabinol or benzodiazepines and/or z-hypnotics and a low score on the “thrill and adventure seeking” domain of the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale 4 (OR = 1.723, 95% C.I. = 1.001- 2.966, p = 0.05) were found. Associations were also found between the use of stimulants and the highest scores on the “experience seeking” (OR = 2.085, 95% C.I. = 1.084-4.009, p = 0.028) and “disinhibition” (OR = 4.791, 95% C.I. =1.748-13.135, p = 0.002) domains of the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale 4. No associations were found between sensation seeking behavior and alcohol or polydrug use. ConclusionA high degree of sensation seeking was found among drivers who had used stimulants, in contrast to drives who had used tetrahydrocannabinol and benzodiazepines and/or z-hypnotics who showed a low degree of sensation seeking. The combination of sensation seeking behavior and the use of stimulants might lead to increased risky behavior and thus traffic crashes.

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