scholarly journals Clinico-toxicological effects of ceftriaxone after intramuscular administration of graded doses in Basenji dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2089-2097
Author(s):  
Ukamaka U. Eze ◽  
Ifeanyi G. Eke ◽  
Aruh O. Anaga ◽  
Elias Abah ◽  
Ikechukwu J. Udeani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Intramuscular Administration ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group A ◽  
Red Blood Cell Count ◽  
Kidney Functions ◽  
Group D ◽  
Haematological Indices

Purpose: The recent ceftriaxone-induced anaemia and mortalities at the dose of 50 mg/kg in Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Nigeria prompted this study which sought to assess the clinicotoxicological effects of ceftriaxone (CFZ) after intramuscular administration of graded doses in Basenji dogs.Methods: The effects of CFZ on the haematological indices, physiological parameters, liver and kidney functions were assessed in 4 group of dogs (n = 4) designated A – D. They were given CFZ intramuscularly for 21 days at doses of 12, 25 and 50 mg/kg for groups A, B, C, respectively, while thecontrol (group D) received the diluent (lignocaine 0.2 mL)Results: The mean pulse and heart rate of dogs in group C were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of group A, B and D. Significant (p < 0.05) decrease in red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) was observed in group C on days 7 and 14, while on day 21, these parameters were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in group D than in the treated groups. On day 14 of CFZ administration, the alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities of dogs in group C was significantly (p < 0.05) elevated than the control group.Conclusion: These findings suggest that CFZ, at the doses of 12.5 - 25 mg/kg, appears safe in dogs as most of the adverse effects observed are reversed following the withdrawal of the drug on day 28. However, CFZ at 50 mg/kg causes anaemia, tachycardia and bilateral paralysis of the hind limbs which did not revert to normal after one week; hence, it is not recommended for use in dogs at this dose.

A nutrient mixture suppresses carbon tetrachloride–induced acute hepatic toxicity in ICR mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
MW Roomi ◽  
T Kalinovsky ◽  
NW Roomi ◽  
V Ivanov ◽  
M Rath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
Renal Markers ◽  
Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Tea Extract ◽  
Kidney Functions ◽  
Group D

We examined the effect of a nutrient mixture (NM) that contains lysine, proline, ascorbic acid, and green tea extract in mice treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), a model of liver injury in which free radical, oxidative stress, and cytokine production are closely linked. Seven-week-old male Imprinting Control Region (ICR) mice were divided into four groups (A–D) of five animals each. Groups A and C mice were fed a regular diet for 2 weeks, whereas groups B and D mice were supplemented with 0.5% NM (w/w) during that period. Groups A and B received corn oil i.p., whereas groups C and D received CCl4 (25 μL/kg, in corn oil, i.p.). All animals were killed 24 h after CCl4 administration, serum was collected to assess liver and kidney functions, and livers and kidneys were excised for histology. Mean serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were comparable in groups A and B, increased markedly in group C, and significantly lowered in group D compared with group C. CCl4 had no significant effect on renal markers (blood urea nitrogen [BUN], creatinine, and BUN/creatinine ratio). CCl4 administration caused an intense degree of liver necrosis that was less severe in the NM fed group D. These results indicate that NM could be a useful supplement in preventing acute chemical-induced liver toxicity.

scholarly journals Effects of selected vitamins and minerals on growth rate and hematological parameters in broilers

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Harun Ar Rashid ◽  
Nazim Ahmad ◽  
Mohammad Rohul Amin ◽  
Mohammad Lalmoddin Mollah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Standard Ration

The present study was designed with a view to study the body weight and hematological parameters; total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and erythrocyte sedimentation rate of growing broilers fed with standard poultry ration. Broilers were kept under close observation for a period of 14 days and body weight was measured at each 7 days interval up to the end of the 35 days of experimental period. A total of 20 (7 days old) broiler chicks were reared throughout the entire period of study. These chicks were randomly divided into four equal groups (n=5). Group A considered as control, fed only standard ration. Group B, C and D was considered as treated group. Group B with vitamin AD3E 1 ml/5 liter drinking water. Group C treated with mineral 1 ml/5 liter dirking water and Group D treated with vitamin (AD3E) 1 ml/5liter and mineral 1 ml/5 liter dirking water with standard ration. It was observed that body weight of broiler increased significantly (p<0.01) in group D compare to group A, B, & C. Total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte sedimentation rate values were significant (p<0.01) in the treated groups as compared to that of control group A. So it is concluded that vitamin (AD3E) and mineral supplementation with standard ration is beneficial for broiler production and economically profitable.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 487-494

A nutrient mixture prevents acetaminophen hepatic and renal toxicity in ICR mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
MW Roomi ◽  
T Kalinovsky ◽  
V Ivanov ◽  
M Rath ◽  
A Niedzwiecki
Keyword(s):  
Icr Mice ◽  
Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Tea Extract ◽  
Kidney Functions ◽  
Group D ◽  
Renal Tubular Necrosis

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is often fatal, leading to fulminant hepatic and renal tubular necrosis in humans and animals. We studied the effect of a nutrient mixture (NM) containing, among other nutrients, lysine, proline, ascorbic acid, N-acetyl cysteine, and green tea extract, which has previously been demonstrated to exhibit a broad spectrum of therapeutic properties on APAP-induced hepatic and renal damage in ICR (Imprinting Control Region) mice. Seven-week-old male ICR mice were divided into four groups (A–D) of five animals each. Groups A and C mice were fed a regular diet for 2 weeks, while groups B and D mice were supplemented with 0.5% NM (w/w) during that period. Groups A and B received saline i.p., while groups C and D received APAP (600 mg/kg) i.p. All animals were killed 24 h after APAP administration, serum was collected to assess the liver and kidney functions, and the livers and kidneys were excised for histology. Mean serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen), creatinine, and BUN/creatinine ratios were comparable in groups A and B, increased markedly in group C and significantly lower in group D compared with group C. APAP caused significant centrilobular necrosis and glomerular damage in unsupplemented animals, while NM prevented these alterations. The results indicate that NM has potential to protect against APAP-induced liver and kidney damage.

scholarly journals Combined effects of repeated low doses of aflatoxin B-1 and T-2 toxin on the Chinese hamster

2001 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 11–12) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rajmon ◽  
M. Sedmíková ◽  
F. Jílek ◽  
M. Koubková ◽  
H. Härtlová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
General Health Condition ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group A ◽  
Aflatoxin B ◽  
Kidney Functions

The aim of this work was to find out how repeated low doses of aflatoxin B1&nbsp;(AFB1) and T-2 toxin would influence the Chinese hamster and if the amplifying of these effects would occur with the application of both toxins together. The animals were treated with 10 ml/kg of 7% dimethylsulfoxid (DMSO) in the control group (C), 1.0 mg/kg of AFB1&nbsp;in group A, 1.0 mg/kg of T-2 toxin in group T2, and 1.0 mg/kg of AFB1&nbsp;+ 1.0 mg/kg&nbsp;&nbsp;of T-2 toxin in group T2/A. All mycotoxins were dissolved in 10 ml/kg of 7% DMSO. These doses were administered intragastrically twice a week for a period of three weeks. General health condition, histological picture of some internal organs, some biochemical blood serum indicators of liver and kidney functions, and leucogram were monitored. No differences in prosperity or weight gains appeared during the course of the experiment. The histological examination did not show any changes in the investigated organs in any experimental group. On the contrary, differences were found in the biochemical blood serum profile. ALT and AST activities decreased significantly in T2/A group animals compared with the other medicated groups (T2 &ndash; 24.46 &micro;kat/l; 45.18 &micro;kat/l;&nbsp;A &ndash; 18.17; 41.84; T2/A &ndash; 4.74; 14.21). A similar decrease appeared in GMT activity as well, but it was significant only in comparison with the T2 group (T2 &ndash;&nbsp;0.6 &micro;kat/l;&nbsp;T2/A &ndash; 0.25). ALP activity was increased in the experimental groups compared with the control, significantly in the T2 group (C &ndash; 5.0 &micro;kat/l; T2 &ndash; 6.92). LDH activity was lower in the T2 and T2/A groups, significantly when the T2/A group was compared with the A group (A &ndash; 94.05 &micro;kat/l; T2/A &ndash; 37.48). The cholesterol level was significantly increased in group A compared with the C&nbsp;and T2 groups. A smaller increase in the T2/A group was significant when compared with the T2 group as well (C &ndash; 3.05 mmol/l; T2 &ndash; 2.85; A &ndash; 3.59; T2/A &ndash; 3.27). Total and conjugated bilirubin concentrations decreased in group order A &ndash; C &ndash; T2 &ndash; T2/A, when differences among the A, T2 and T2/A groups were significant (T2 &ndash; 1.0 mmol/l; 0.36 mmol/l; A &ndash; 2.36; 0.85; T2/A &ndash; 0.69; 0.21). A glycemia decrease in medicated groups was significant in the T2/A group, while it approached a significant level in the T2 group (C &ndash; 10.46 mmol/l; T2 &ndash; 9.01; T2/A &ndash; 8.91). The main liver condition indicators seemed to be influenced by the T-2 toxin and AFB1&nbsp;combination more than by individually applied toxins. We assume the amplification of the mycotoxin effects on proteosynthesis. The ALT activity especially was probably influenced more than in the additive manner. All the medicated groups showed a significant increase in the monocyte percent count (T2 &ndash; 9.8%; A &ndash; 9.62; T2/A &ndash; 8.85; C &ndash; 6.65). The differences observed in other leucocyte types were not significant. There were no differences in the effects of individual mycotoxins and their combination on the leucogram level.

scholarly journals Toxicology of skin of Rana catesbeiana as a biological dressing in skin wounds of rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
João Pedro Santiago Paiva Marques ◽  
Italo Medeiros Azevedo ◽  
Aldo Cunha Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
Skin Wounds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biological Dressing ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Kidney Functions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Renal Function Tests

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluated the toxicity in rats’ kidney and liver by using Rana catesbeiana’s skin as biological dressing in skin wounds. Methods: Twenty Wistar rats were used; in all rats a back dorsum skin segment with 4 cm² was removed under anesthesia and aseptic technique. In group A (n=10) the wounds were treated with frog’s skin as a biological dressing. In group B (n=10) the wounds were treated with 1 mL of 0,9% saline solution. After 15 days, blood was collected for dosing serum AST, ALT, urea and creatinine. Results: Biochemical dosages evaluated liver and renal function tests. The values of AST, ALT, urea and creatinine showed no significant difference when the test and control groups were compared (p>0.05). Conclusion: The use of Rana catesbeiana’s skin as a biological dressing of rats wounds did not show toxic effects for liver and kidney functions.

scholarly journals Study of Liver and Kidney functions in non-pregnant, pregnant and preeclamptic women

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Serum Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Kidney Functions

Three groups of subjects have been divided (25/group): healthy normotensive non-pregnant women (Group A), normal normotensive pregnant women (Group B), and women with preeclampsia (Group C).The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin , creatinine , blood urea nitrogen, triglyceride , total cholesterol and glucose have been estimated in all subjects. All measured parameters were determined by spectrophotometric analysis. The results showed a significant(P

scholarly journals Evaluation of Telfaria occidentalis and sorghum bicolor extracts as potent haematinics in domestic rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
A. A. Adedapo ◽  
O. A. Dina
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Group A ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Domestic Rabbits ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration

A total of 20 domestic rabbits divided into 4 groups of animals per group were used in this study. Group A animals (control) were not bled but those in groups B-D were bled to induce anaemia. Group B animals were left to recover by normal haemopoesis while those in groups C and D were treated respectively with Haematopan B12 ® (a commercially prepared haematinic) and alcohol extracts of a combination of Sorghum bicolor and Telfaria occidentalis, reconstituted at concentration of 4mg/100ml of distilled water. The post-haemorrhage treatment haematologic values were obtained at given intervals (7 days) and compared with the pre-haemorrhage values earlier obtained. The study showed that the group B animals recovered gradually by physiologic haemopoesis while animals in group C and D showed accelerated recovery with group D animals having a faster and better response in terms of packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volune (MCV). Thus the combination of the extracts used in the treatment of the anaemic rabbits was a potent haematinic. 

scholarly journals The influence of human chorionic gonadotropin on hormonal and haematological profile of postpubertal male albino rats exposed to chronic oral administration of alcohol

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-780
Author(s):  
Martins S. AKOGWU ◽  
Chukwuka N. UCHENDU ◽  
Rita I. ODO
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Male Hormones ◽  
Group D

This study evaluated the influence of human chorionic gonadotropin on hormonal and haematological profile of postpubertal male albino rats exposed to chronic oral administration of alcohol. Twenty-four mature male albino rats were assigned to four groups (n=6). Group A was the control, given distilled water, Group B was given 30% ethanol (8 ml/kg) orally 3 times a week, Group C was given human chorionic gonadotropin (HcG) (50 IU/kg) subcutaneously 3 times a week and Group D was given HcG (50 IU/kg) subcutaneously + 30% ethanol (8 ml/kg) orally 3 times a week. The study was for 10 weeks, and hormonal profile and haematology were determined. The follicle stimulating hormone of Group B decreased significantly (P<0.05) when compared to Groups A, C and D. The luteinizing hormone was significantly lower (P<0.05) in Group B when compared to Groups A, C and D. The testosterone level was significantly higher (P<0.05) in Group D when compared to Groups A, B and C. The results obtained from haematology indicated that haemoglobin concentration of Group B was significantly lower (P<0.05) when compared to Groups A, C and D. Ethanol significantly reduced (P<0.05) platelets when compared to Groups A, C and D. There was a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the neutrophils and lymphocytes in Group B when compared to Groups A, C and D. The study showed that HcG improves the level of male hormones and haematology in postpubertal albino rats exposed to chronic alcohol administration.

Altitudinal variations in the red blood cell count and haemoglobin content of urodele blood

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Friedmann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Taricha Granulosa ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Group A ◽  
Red Blood Cell Count ◽  
Group B ◽  
Haemoglobin Content

Blood cell counts and haemoglobin levels for blood collected by tail amputation from three groups of tailed amphibians (Taricha granulosa) are presented. All animals were collected from very similar latitudes and longitudes, but different altitudes; acclimatization to the laboratory was for 6 to 8 months. For the calendar period January–March, group A from an altitude of 3400 ft yielded an average cell count of 7.58 (s.d. 1.63) × 104/mm3 and an average haemoglobin content of 6.0 (1.1) g/100 ml blood; group B from 1300 ft yielded an average cell count of 8.92(1.73) × 104/mm3 and an average haemoglobin content of 7.2 (1.4) g/100 ml blood while group C from sea level gave an average cell count of 9.51 (1.81) × 104/mm3 and an average haemoglobin content of 7.5 (1.5) g/100 ml blood. The results for group A differ statistically from those of groups B and C. In all cases, the haemoglobin concentration is 0.77 (0.10) × 10−9 g/cell.

scholarly journals Effect of classic soft drink Coca-Cola as a solvent in the administration of tramadol and diazepam on biochemical and histological changes in liver and kidney

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Omotayo B. Ilesanmi ◽  
Temitope T. Odewale
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

The objective of this study was to determine the biochemical and morphological changes in the liver and kidney as a result of the acute administration of tramadol and diazepam with classic soft drink Coca-Cola (Coke ). Method: Thirty-six (36) adult male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: Group A-control (distilled water), Group B (Coke ), Group C (tramadol, 50 mg/kg), Group D (tramadol dissolved in Coke, 50 mg/kg), Group E (diazepam, 10 mg/kg) and Group F (diazepam dissolved in Coke 10 mg/kg). All administrations were done intraperitoneal. Twenty-four hours after administration, blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture for evaluation of the liver (Aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and Alanine aminotransferase [ALT]), kidney (urea and creatinine [CREA]) function and the organs were excised and processed for histopathological examination. Result: A significantly increased in AST, creatinine and urea concentrations was observed in  Tramadol and Coke Groups compared to control (P<0.05), while diazepam had no significant effect on AST, ALT (P>0.05), though it caused a significant increase in urea and CREA (P<0.05). Dissolving the tramadol in Coke aggravated its hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, while Coke had no significant effect on diazepam. Histological examination also corroborated the biochemical result. Conclusion: The results showed that mixing drugs with Coke does not improve the toxicity of tramadol and has no significant effect on diazepam.

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