scholarly journals Growth temperature and plant age influence on nutritional quality of Amaranthus leaves and seed germination capacity

Water SA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert T. Modi
Author(s):  
В.Т. Нгуен ◽  
А.В. Жигунов

Для создания каучуконосных плантаций гевеи бразильской (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) во Вьетнаме обычно используют однолетние саженцы с закрытой корневой системой, выращенные из сеянцев. Потребность в посадочном материале гевеи бразильской все возрастает, особенно если учесть, что применяются все более продуктивные сорта и клоны. Поэтому разработка методов оценки посевных качеств семян гевеи бразильской во всем мире очень востребова- на. Целью нашего исследования было определение влияния массы семян на их всхожесть и биометрические параметры сеянцев. Семена гевеи бразильской были собраны в августе 2015 г. во Вьетнаме на лесосеменной плантации 18–20-летнего возраста в провинции Донгнай. Поскольку для определения посевных качеств семян гевеи бразильской во Вьетнаме ГОСТ не разработан. авторы определяли всхожесть и энергию прорастания на торфяном субстрате в пластиковых кассетах, что позволило не только рекомендовать этот метод для определения посевных качеств семян, но и провести апробацию технологии выращивания контейнеризированных сеянцев. Как показали наблюдения, первые всходы гевеи бразильской появились на девятый день после посева семян. Всхожесть семян определяли на 20-й день после посева. Максимальная всхожесть семян достигает 58,0%. Минимальная составляет всего 16,4%. Всхожесть семян гевеи бразильской зависит от исходной массы семян. Семена с массой до 3,1 г имеют низкую всхожесть до 2,5%. Семена гевеи бразильской с массой более 4,5 г также имею низкую всхожесть до 1,4%. Лучшее показатели всхожести семян гевеи бразильской мы имеем во фракции средних по массе семян от 3,2 до 4,8 г. Всхожесть семян этой фракции может достигать 54%. Таким образом определение посевных качеств семян гевеи бразильской можно проводить методом проращивания семян в кассетах, заполненных питательным торфяным субстратом. Определение биометрических показателей сеянцев гевеи бразильской проводили на 55-й день после посева. Достоверной разницы по высоте и диаметру корневой шейки сеянцев, выращенных из семян различных групп по массе семян не обнаружено. Масса семян гевеи бра- зильской в основном определяет их всхожесть. В теплице летнего типа в ботани- ческом саду Санкт-Петербургского лесотехнического университета в кассетах Plantek-81, заполненных стандартным торфяным субстратом, сеянцы достигли высоты 21–25 см, диаметра корневой шейки 1,7–2,3 мм за 55 дней после посева. Поэтому способ выращивания контейнеризированных сеянцев гевеи бразильской может быть рекомендован и для условий Вьетнама. Plantations of Para rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) in Vietnam are usually established with one-year-old containerized transplants grown from seedlings. The need for planting material of Hevea brasiliensis is increasing, and so is the demand for more productive kinds of this species and clones. This being so, the development of methods for assessing the sowing quality of Hevea brasiliensis seeds is of significant importance in many countries. The purpose of our research was to determine the influence of the seed mass on their germination and the biometric parameters of seedlings. Seeds of Hevea brasiliensis were collected in August 2015 in Vietnam on an 18–20 year-old seed-growing plantation in the province of Dongnai. Since there is no standard for determining the sowing quality of Hevea brasiliensis seeds in Vietnam, we determined the germination capacity and energy on peat substrate in plastic cassettes, which allowed us not only to recommend the proposed method for determining the sowing quality of seeds, but also to test the technology of growing containerized seedlings. The observations have shown that the first shoots of Hevea brasiliensis appeared on the ninth day after sowing the seeds. Germination of seeds was determined on the 20th day after sowing. The maximum seed germination was 58.0%, whereas the minimum was only 16.4%. The germination capacity of Hevea brasiliensis seeds depends on the initial mass of the seeds. Seeds with mass below 3.1 g have a low germination rate of about 2.5%. Seeds with mass of more than 4.5 g also have a low germination rate of about 1.4%. The best germination of Hevea brasiliensis seeds was recorded in the fraction of medium-sized seeds from 3.2 to 4.5 g. The seed germination of this fraction can reach 54%. Thus, the sowing qualities of Hevea brasiliensis seeds can be determined by seed germination in cassettes filled with a nutrient peat substrate. The biometric parameters of the Hevea brasiliensis seedlings were determined on the 55th day after sowing. There was no significant difference in the height and diameter of the root collar of seedlings grown from seeds of different groups by the mass of the seeds. The mass of Hevea brasiliensis seeds mainly determines their germination. The seedlings that were grown in a summer greenhouse in the botanical garden of the St. Petersburg Forestry University in Plantek-81 cassettes filled with a standard peat substrate reached a height of 21–25 cm and the root collar diameter of 1.7–2.3 mm 55 days after sowing. The proposed method of growing containerized seedlings of Hevea brasiliensis can be recommended for the conditions of Vietnam as well.


Author(s):  
А. О. Семенов ◽  
Г. М. Кожушко ◽  
Т. В. Сахно

У роботі досліджено вплив трьох різних областей С (200–280 нм), В (280–320 нм) та А (320м400 нм) ультрафіолетового опромінення насіння. Встановлено, що УФ-випромінювання, незалежно від спектрального діапазону, позитивно впливає на біологічні процеси: енергія проростання, здатність до проростання та схожість насіння для області С більша на 5–11%, у порівнянні з УФ областями А і В, за однакових доз УФ-опромінювання. One of the main tasks of the agricultural complex is to increase the quantity and quality of crop production. Great interest in stimulating growth and increasing the resistance of plants to external factors and increasing the productivity of agricultural crops is the use of optical radiation – pre-sowing processing of seeds of crops by ultraviolet radiation. The effect of three different regions C (200–280 nm), B (280–320 nm) and A (320–400 nm) of ultraviolet irradiation of seeds was investigated. It is established that UV irradiation irrespective of the spectral range positively affects biological processes: germination energy, germination capacity and seed germination. The energy of germination, the capacity to germinate and the germination of seeds were determined in laboratory conditions. These indices were compared for seeds irradiated in different energy regions A, B, C of ultraviolet radiation at the same radiation dose of 120 J/m2 with control samples (without irradiation). Investigations of germination energy, germination capacity and seed germination showed that UV irradiation in different energy regions A, B, C at doses of 120 J/m2 positively affects rape seeds, as the germination energy increases by 23–31 %, the capacity to sprouting by 14–25 %, and the similarity increases by 8–17 %. In addition, studies at similar doses of UV irradiation show that the germination energy for the C region is 5–8 % higher in comparison with the UV regions A and B, while the germination capacity for the C region is greater by 9–11 %, and the similarity for region C is large by 9.2 % compared with region B, and by 6.6 in comparison with region A. Comparing the effect of the energy regions of different UV ranges on pre-sowing seed irradiation, it can be stated that UV irradiation irrespective of the spectral range positively affects the germination energy, germination capacity and seed germination.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger IDOSSOU ◽  
Razack ABOUDOU

Abstract Background The availability of good quality seeds is synonymous with improved farming, especially cash crops such as cotton. However, serious problems with seed germination have been reported recently by cotton farmers in Benin Republic. The assumptions formulated at the base with regard to this situation remain to be verified technically. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the influence of storage conditions on the quality of cotton seeds in Northern Benin. Temperature and relative humidity were assessed followed by a seed sampling sequence in seven (07) cotton seeds stores according to three main periods, ranging from the establishment in conservation to the following seasonal production. Germination tests were then carried out on each sample followed by data analysis using R and Minitab17 software.Results There is a large variation in the germination rate of cotton seed during their storage period. The probabilities values ​​(Pvalue1 = 0.023, Pvalue2 = 0.001 and Pvalue3 = 0.038) respectively associated with the three samples and the various coefficient of variation (CV) between stores (CV1 = 2.42%, CV2 = 7.1% and CV3 = 8.88%) explain a significant difference not only between the stores but also from one sample to another with regard to sampling periods. There is a strong progressive decrease in seed germination (Germination rate 1 > Germination rate2 > Germination rate3), which is responsible for the failure observed by the growers during sowing. Thus, seeds lose an average of 15% of their initial germination capacity already at one month of storage. This is generally negative due to all the storage conditions and system in the stores.Conclusions The excessive increase in temperature and the considerable decrease in relative humidity in stores are the main factors of significant loss of germination capacity of cotton seeds. In view of this situation, it is desirable that technical measures be taken in this direction in order to better preserve the quality of the seeds made available to producers for an optimization of the cotton sector in Benin.


Author(s):  
Alain Claverie ◽  
Zuzanna Liliental-Weber

GaAs layers grown by MBE at low temperatures (in the 200°C range, LT-GaAs) have been reported to have very interesting electronic and transport properties. Previous studies have shown that, before annealing, the crystalline quality of the layers is related to the growth temperature. Lowering the temperature or increasing the layer thickness generally results in some columnar polycrystalline growth. For the best “temperature-thickness” combinations, the layers may be very As rich (up to 1.25%) resulting in an up to 0.15% increase of the lattice parameter, consistent with the excess As. Only after annealing are the technologically important semi-insulating properties of these layers observed. When annealed in As atmosphere at about 600°C a decrease of the lattice parameter to the substrate value is observed. TEM studies show formation of precipitates which are supposed to be As related since the average As concentration remains almost unchanged upon annealing.


Author(s):  
Shawna Holmes

This paper examines the changes to procurement for school food environments in Canada as a response to changes to nutrition regulations at the provincial level. Interviews with those working in school food environments across Canada revealed how changes to the nutrition requirements of foods and beverages sold in schools presented opportunities to not only improve the nutrient content of the items made available in school food environments, but also to include local producers and/or school gardens in procuring for the school food environment. At the same time, some schools struggle to procure nutritionally compliant foods due to increased costs associated with transporting produce to rural, remote, or northern communities as well as logistic difficulties like spoilage. Although the nutrition regulations have facilitated improvements to food environments in some schools, others require more support to improve the overall nutritional quality of the foods and beverages available to students at school.


2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1009-1017
Author(s):  
Cristina-Gabriela Grigoras ◽  
Andrei I. Simion ◽  
Livia Manea ◽  
Lidia Favier-Teodorescu ◽  
Lucian Gavrila
Keyword(s):  

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