scholarly journals Ефективність проростання насіння ріпаку при передпосівному опроміненні його УФ-випроміненням різного спектрального складу

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
А. О. Семенов ◽  
Г. М. Кожушко ◽  
Т. В. Сахно
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Spectral Range ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Seed Irradiation ◽  
Sowing Seed

У роботі досліджено вплив трьох різних областей С (200–280 нм), В (280–320 нм) та А (320м400 нм) ультрафіолетового опромінення насіння. Встановлено, що УФ-випромінювання, незалежно від спектрального діапазону, позитивно впливає на біологічні процеси: енергія проростання, здатність до проростання та схожість насіння для області С більша на 5–11%, у порівнянні з УФ областями А і В, за однакових доз УФ-опромінювання. One of the main tasks of the agricultural complex is to increase the quantity and quality of crop production. Great interest in stimulating growth and increasing the resistance of plants to external factors and increasing the productivity of agricultural crops is the use of optical radiation – pre-sowing processing of seeds of crops by ultraviolet radiation. The effect of three different regions C (200–280 nm), B (280–320 nm) and A (320–400 nm) of ultraviolet irradiation of seeds was investigated. It is established that UV irradiation irrespective of the spectral range positively affects biological processes: germination energy, germination capacity and seed germination. The energy of germination, the capacity to germinate and the germination of seeds were determined in laboratory conditions. These indices were compared for seeds irradiated in different energy regions A, B, C of ultraviolet radiation at the same radiation dose of 120 J/m2 with control samples (without irradiation). Investigations of germination energy, germination capacity and seed germination showed that UV irradiation in different energy regions A, B, C at doses of 120 J/m2 positively affects rape seeds, as the germination energy increases by 23–31 %, the capacity to sprouting by 14–25 %, and the similarity increases by 8–17 %. In addition, studies at similar doses of UV irradiation show that the germination energy for the C region is 5–8 % higher in comparison with the UV regions A and B, while the germination capacity for the C region is greater by 9–11 %, and the similarity for region C is large by 9.2 % compared with region B, and by 6.6 in comparison with region A. Comparing the effect of the energy regions of different UV ranges on pre-sowing seed irradiation, it can be stated that UV irradiation irrespective of the spectral range positively affects the germination energy, germination capacity and seed germination.

scholarly journals VARIABILITY OF SEEDS QUALITY IN THE EAR OF WINTER RYE OF CHULPAN 7 VARIETY

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Рафаэль Исмагилов ◽  
Rafael' Ismagilov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Index Variation ◽  
Different Parts

The article presents the results of studies of quality variability of winter rye seeds of Chulpan 7 variety in the ear. The essential variability of seed quality of seeds within the ear has been established. The coefficient of seed quality index variation (germination energy, germination capacity and growth force) is 1.68-12.11%. The nature of the change in the mass of 1000 seeds, the germination energy, germination capacity and the growth force of seeds in the ear of winter rye is subject to a certain pattern. Seedlings from seeds of different parts of the ear according to morphological indicators (number of roots, length and mass of sprouts and roots) also differ among themselves. The quality of the seeds and their productivity is highest in the middle part of the ear and they gradually decrease to the base and apex of the ear.

APPLICATION OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND ITS MIXTURES AS A STIMULATOR OF SEED GERMINATION

1970 ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Chursinov ◽  
E. S. Kovaleva
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Seed Material ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Productivity Potential

The intensification of the germination of seed material of different crops is a promising direction for improving agricultural technologies. The use of safe and highly effective germination activators allows to accelerate the biological processes of plant growth, to reveal the productivity potential inherent in each variety. Increasing the rates, such as energy and germination, significantly increase crop yields. The scientific work objective was to expand the range of universal crop growth stimulants that would be able to provide uniform germination, increased energy and the ability to germinate seed material, as well as shorten the period from sowing to seedlings. The use of organic acids is proposed: nicotinic (3-pyridinecarboxylic), folic (pteroylglutamic), succinic (butanedioic) with a given concentration of active substances. This technological solution allows to intensify the processes of seed germination of various crops. The presented organic acids and their solutions are recommended to be used in pre-sowing treatment of seeds by spraying or one-time soaking in aqueous solutions of these acids. The studies were carried out on the base of the scientific and production laboratory for determining the quality of grain and grain products of the Dnepropetrovsk State Agrarian and Economic University. The studied growth stimulants have established themselves as substances with a stable effect and low toxicity. They can be used both in crop production in pre-sowing seed treatment in order to intensify growth, and for the production of germinated grain in the production technologies of alcohol, beer, mono-and polysalt malt extracts in order to obtain malt.

Phytotoxic assessment of soils contaminated by railway transport facilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Savchuk ◽  
◽  
O Sorochinska ◽  
A Tsiko ◽  
O Pilipchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Railway Tracks ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
The City

The paper presents results of the study phytotoxicity level of soil that are contaminated due to the operation of the railway. The urgency of the work is determined by the growth of man-made load on the environment by rail. The aim of the presented work was to assess the phytotoxicity of soils near railway tracks using a bioassay for watercress to determine the level of their anthropogenic pollution. The object of the study were soil samples taken in the area adjacent to the tracks on the section of the railway Bakhmach-Hrebinka near the station of the city Pyriatyn. Soil sampling was carried out in accordance with DSTU ISO 10381-1: 2004. Assessment of soil contamination was assessed by bioindication using watercress test. According to the results of the research, it was found that the germination energy, seed germination and growth rates of watercress plants decreased on soil samples taken closer to the railway tracks. Weak levels of contamination were observed on soils selected at a distance of 5 meters from the railway, germination energy and seed germination were - 58 and 77%, respectively, the remaining samples did not show a significant effect on the sowing quality of watercress seeds. It was found that in plants grown on sample 4 (100 meters from the railway tracks) the length of the root system was 46 mm, while in samples 1, 2, 3 the indicator decreased respectively by 50, 32 and 9%, . The aerial part of watercress plants grown on 4 samples was 42 mm, while in samples 1,2,3, the figure decreased respectively by 43, 9 and 2%, . Therefore, it can be argued that the soil samples taken in the area adjacent to the tracks on the railway line Bakhmach-Grebinka, at a distance of 5 meters from the tracks, are low-contaminated, while the rest of the samples according to research are unpolluted and meet sanitary requirements on planning and development of settlements.

scholarly journals Effect Of Pre-Sowing Seed Treatments With Silicon Nanoparticles On Germinability Of Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Janmohammadi ◽  
Naser Sabaghnia
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Silicon Nanoparticles ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Seed Soaking ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nano Silicon ◽  
Sowing Seed

AbstractSilicon is one of the most widespread macro elements that have beneficial effects on plant growth. Although its positive effects on plant growth and development have been widely considered, little information is available about possibility of nano-silicon utilization in seed invigoration treatments. Enhanced seed germination may lead to improved stand establishment and it can play important role in successful crop production. Partial hydration of the seeds followed by dehydration in a controlled environment often results in rapid seed germination and more uniform seedling emergence compared to untreated seeds. In the present study, the effect of seed soaking in different concentration nano-silicon solutions (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1 and 1.2 mM for 8 h) on germination characteristics of sunflower was investigated. Seed soaking in low concentration nano-silicon solutions (0.2 and 0.4 mM) significantly reduced days to 50% germination and mean germination time and improved root length, mean daily germination, seedling vigour index and final germination percentage. These results suggest that the incorporation of nano-silicon in priming solution, in an appropriate concentration, remarkably enhances germination performance and causes an effective invigoration of the seedling. These results underline the importance of pre-sowing seed soaking in diluted nano-silicon solutions for improving the germinability of sunflower.

scholarly journals Determination of swithgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) seeds quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Doronin ◽  
Yu. A. Kravchenko ◽  
V. V. Dryha ◽  
V. V. Doronin ◽  
H. S. Honcharuk
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Third Way ◽  
Cool Period ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Dormancy Period ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L

Purpose. Developing a method for determination of the laboratory seed germination that could reduce the biological dormancy period and, accordingly, increase the intensity of germination. Methods. Laboratory, measuring and weighing, mathematical and statistical. Results. Cooling switchgrass seeds at a temperature of 10°C for 7 days on average for three years did not lead to a decrease in germination energy and germination compared to cooling for 14 days. These indexes were almost the same and amounted to 74 and 76%, 73 and 75%, respectively. There were no significant deviations in germination energy and seed germination over the years of research as affected by duration of the cool period. The production test of the developed method, carried out in the accredited control and measuring laboratory, confirmed the obtained in the laboratory results. Conclusions. Seed germination by an improved method, when pre-cooling is carried out for 7 instead of 14 days and counting of germinated seeds on 15th day instead of 20th, has reduced the time to determine germination by 13 days without reducing the quality of analysis. It is advisable to determine the 1000-seed weight in one of three ways, but the most accurate is the third way, i.e. counting the seeds in 10 repetitions.

scholarly journals Effect of ultraviolet on thiamine and thiamine disulfides

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-86
Author(s):  
S. A. Aheika ◽  
V. I. Stsiapura ◽  
V. Yu. Smirnov ◽  
I. I. Stepuro
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Spectral Range ◽  
Thiazole Ring ◽  
Neutral Medium ◽  
Human Retina ◽  
Mercury Lamp ◽  
Thiamine Disulfide

In a neutral medium, the exposure of thiamine disulfide to the ultraviolet of solar radiation (as well as to the ultraviolet radiation of mercury lamp with λ > 300 nm) results in the formation of a thiamine molecule with closed thiazole ring and a molecule of thiamine thiazolone. Asymmetric thiamine disulfides, e.g., thiamine propyl disulfide, on exposure to ultraviolet (UVA range) produced thiamine and propyl disulfides. Thiamine and thiazolone of thiamine are stable upon exposure to light of 320-400 nm (UVA range). UV irradiation within spectral range of 200-300 nm results in further photodestruction of thiamine and thiamine thiazolone and production of 2-methyl-4-amino-5aminomethyl-pyrimidine as the main photoproduct. The possibility to use thiamine disulfide derivatives as a promising class of anti-cataract drugs as well as drugs to decrease the toxic effect of ultraviolet radiation on human retina is discussed. 

scholarly journals Effect of pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds with silicon-containing chelate microfertilizer on the growth and development of seedlings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Anikina ◽  
◽  
O.R. Udalova ◽  
G.G. Panova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The influence of pre-sowing seed treatment of spring wheat varieties ‘Ester’ and ‘Leningradskaya 6’ with silicon-containing chelate microfertilizer (SCM) on the seedlings’ growth and development was studied. Varietal differences of spring wheat in response to pre-sowing seed treatment with SCM were revealed. For both wheat varieties, this fertilizer stimulates the germination energy and germination itself. Thus, after SCM treatment at a concentration of 5 mg/l, there was a significant increase in ‘Ester’ seed germination energy (by 19 %) compared to control, as well as by 20–27 % in ‘Leningradskaya 6’ variety. More pronounced stimulating effect of SCM was observed for ‘Ester’ at a concentration of 1.0 mg/l; the same for ‘Leningradskaya 6’ – at a concentration of 3.0 and 5.0 mg/l.

scholarly journals Germination Energy and Capacity of Maize Seeds Following Low-Temperature Short Storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Domin ◽  
Franciszek Kluza ◽  
Dariusz Góral ◽  
Sybilla Nazarewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Kozłowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
Seed Conditioning ◽  
And Storage

The present research attempts to characterize the effect of low temperatures, and the moisture content of maize (Kosmo 230) meant for sowing on its energy and capacity to germinate. Seeds were moistened to varying degrees and stored under various conditions; then, their germination energy and capacity were assessed. Sowing material with 15% moisture content showed slightly declined germination ability when stored at −25–−20 °C for over three days, while the storage of seeds with a 25 and 30% moisture content at −5–0 °C for 1–3 days had the effect of seed conditioning. Seedlings obtained from conditioned seeds showed sustainability characterized by faster growth, and demonstrated nearly twice the size as other plants. Warehousing and storage of maize grains with a 11.12% moisture content at temperatures up to −25 °C did not significantly affect seed germination capacity or energy, irrespective of storage time.

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