BACTERIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS ALONE AND IN DETERGENT FORMULATIONS

1953 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Humphreys ◽  
C. K. Johns
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Detergent Product ◽  
Bacteriological Evaluation ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

Using Escherichia coli as test organism, three quaternary detergent-sanitizers and their constituent QACs were evaluated by modified glass slide and Weber and Black methods at 5°, 20°, and 45°C in artificial hard and distilled waters. QAC activity was reduced by low temperature and water hardness, the latter exerting the greater effect. Each detergent product was more effective than its constituent QAC component alone. Reasons for the earlier endpoints obtained with glass slide method are discussed.

VARIATIONS IN THE CHARACTERISTICS OF E. COLI INDUCED BY QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS

1951 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kenneth Crocker
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Metallic Sheen ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

Escherichia coli lost the ability to produce gas in liquid media and formed atypical small colony variants on desoxycholate agar, concurrent with induced resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds. Paralleling high resistance, the metallic sheen of colonies on confirmatory medium did not appear. The variant strains showed a decrease in growth rate, failed to reduce methylene blue, and were unable to ferment normal sugars. Thus, with induced resistance, variations occurred in Escherechia coli such as to reduce the value of coliform tests used to identify its presence.

scholarly journals Overexpression of the Escherichia coli sugE Gene Confers Resistance to a Narrow Range of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

2002 ◽  
Vol 184 (9) ◽  
pp. 2543-2545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Joon Chung ◽  
Milton H. Saier
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
High Level Expression ◽  
Small Multidrug Resistance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

ABSTRACT SugE of Escherichia coli, first identified as a suppressor of groEL mutations but a member of the small multidrug resistance family, has not previously been shown to confer a drug resistance phenotype. We show that high-level expression of sugE leads to resistance to a subset of toxic quaternary ammonium compounds.

Heat Shock and Cold Shock Treatments Affect the Survival of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium Exposed to Disinfectants

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
MENG-HSUAN LIN ◽  
MING-LUN CHIANG ◽  
CHORNG-LIANG PAN ◽  
CHENG-CHUN CHOU
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

The foodborne pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium were subjected to heat shock at 48°C for 10 and 30 min, respectively, and then cold shocked at 15°C for 3 h. The effect of these shocks on the viability of test organisms exposed to chlorine dioxide and quaternary ammonium compounds was then determined. After exposure to the disinfectants, the viable population of each test organism, regardless of heat shock or cold shock treatment, decreased as the exposure period was extended. Both heat shock and cold shock treatments reduced the susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to both disinfectants at 25°C. However, for Salmonella Typhimurium, exposure to the chlorine dioxide disinfectant or quaternary ammonium compounds at 25°C significantly reduced (P < 0.05) survival of heat-shocked cells but significantly increased (P < 0.05) survival of cold-shocked cells compared with control cells. Survival of both L. monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium generally was reduced after exposure to disinfectants at 40°C compared with 25°C.

scholarly journals Molecular mechanisms of higher MICs of antibiotics and quaternary ammonium compounds for Escherichia coli isolated from bacteraemia

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 2837-2842 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Buffet-Bataillon ◽  
A. Le Jeune ◽  
S. Le Gall-David ◽  
M. Bonnaure-Mallet ◽  
A. Jolivet-Gougeon
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

Resistance to phenicol compounds following adaptation to quaternary ammonium compounds in Escherichia coli

2012 ◽  
Vol 158 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Soumet ◽  
E. Fourreau ◽  
P. Legrandois ◽  
P. Maris
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

STUDIES COMPARING THE SANITIZING EFFICIENCIES OF HYPOCHLORITES AND QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS

1947 ◽  
Vol 25f (1) ◽  
pp. 76-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Johns
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Bacteriostatic Effect ◽  
Quaternary Compounds ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Glass Surfaces ◽  
Slide Technique ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

The germicidal speed of four quaternary ammonium compounds has been compared with that of two hypochlorites against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus panis (vegetative cells and spores), Micrococcus candidus, cheese starter organisms, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, using the glass slide technique originally devised for comparing chlorine sterilizing agents. Against the Gram-positive species, the quaternary compounds were generally more effective than the hypochlorites; against the Gram-negative species, the reverse held true. Cheese starter organisms were an exception, being killed faster by the hypochlorites. Three of the four quaternary compounds were closely comparable in efficiency, while the fourth was definitely slower. The hypochlorites responded much more readily to favourable adjustments in pH and temperature than did the quaternary compounds. Some bacteriostatic effect was observed with higher concentrations of all four quaternary compounds, but it is not believed that the results were significantly affected thereby. The glass slide technique appears to offer many advantages in the evaluation of the germicidal efficiency of products designed for sanitizing metal or glass surfaces in food processing plants.

scholarly journals Quaternary ammonium compounds: an alternative disinfection method for fresh produce wash water

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristobal Chaidez ◽  
Javier Lopez ◽  
Nohelia Castro-del Campo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Average Case ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

Irrigation water can serve as a vehicle for transporting pathogenic microorganisms, and numerous cases of bacterial infections from consumption of irrigated fresh produce have been reported in recent years. Chlorine-based disinfectants applied when produce is packed are widely used to control microorganisms. When applied properly, the chlorine products are effective. However, hazardous disinfection breakdown products can be formed, and chlorine disinfectants have high oxidant activity that can affect produce quality and pose a risk to food handlers. Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) are a disinfectant alternative for the washing of fruits and vegetables. They can control a great number of microorganisms, have low toxicity when used at recommended doses, and are stable in storage. The purpose of this work was to assess the disinfectant activity of QACs against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus under worst-case and average-case turbidity conditions, (2 and 100 nephelometric units); two disinfectant concentrations (100 and 200 mg/L; and two contact times (30 and 120 seconds). Our research showed that QACs were effective against both bacteria. The percentage reduction of Escherichia coli was significantly higher in the less turbid solution (P=0.027), while turbidity did not affect the reduction of Staphylococcus aureus (P>0.05). E. coli was more resistant to QAC treatment than S. aureus. Based on the data obtained we can conclude that QACs could be an alternative in washing processes of fruits and vegetables.

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