Heat Shock and Cold Shock Treatments Affect the Survival of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium Exposed to Disinfectants

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
MENG-HSUAN LIN ◽  
MING-LUN CHIANG ◽  
CHORNG-LIANG PAN ◽  
CHENG-CHUN CHOU
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

The foodborne pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium were subjected to heat shock at 48°C for 10 and 30 min, respectively, and then cold shocked at 15°C for 3 h. The effect of these shocks on the viability of test organisms exposed to chlorine dioxide and quaternary ammonium compounds was then determined. After exposure to the disinfectants, the viable population of each test organism, regardless of heat shock or cold shock treatment, decreased as the exposure period was extended. Both heat shock and cold shock treatments reduced the susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to both disinfectants at 25°C. However, for Salmonella Typhimurium, exposure to the chlorine dioxide disinfectant or quaternary ammonium compounds at 25°C significantly reduced (P < 0.05) survival of heat-shocked cells but significantly increased (P < 0.05) survival of cold-shocked cells compared with control cells. Survival of both L. monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium generally was reduced after exposure to disinfectants at 40°C compared with 25°C.

BACTERIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS ALONE AND IN DETERGENT FORMULATIONS

1953 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Humphreys ◽  
C. K. Johns
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Detergent Product ◽  
Bacteriological Evaluation ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

Using Escherichia coli as test organism, three quaternary detergent-sanitizers and their constituent QACs were evaluated by modified glass slide and Weber and Black methods at 5°, 20°, and 45°C in artificial hard and distilled waters. QAC activity was reduced by low temperature and water hardness, the latter exerting the greater effect. Each detergent product was more effective than its constituent QAC component alone. Reasons for the earlier endpoints obtained with glass slide method are discussed.

The sug operon involves in resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds in Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e

2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (16) ◽  
pp. 7093-7104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobing Jiang ◽  
Siyu Ren ◽  
Yimin Geng ◽  
Tao Yu ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

scholarly journals Biocidal Effectiveness of Selected Disinfectants Solutions Based on Water and Ozonated Water against Listeria monocytogenes Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Skowron ◽  
Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska ◽  
Katarzyna Grudlewska ◽  
Agata Białucha ◽  
Natalia Wiktorczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Oxidizing Agents ◽  
New Information ◽  
Iodine Compounds ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Ozonated Water

The aim of this study was to compare the biocidal effectiveness of disinfectants solutions prepared with ozonated and non-ozonated water against Listeria monocytogenes. Six L. monocytogenes strains were the research material (four isolates from food: meat (LMO-M), dairy products (LMO-N), vegetables (LMO-W), and fish (LMO-R); one clinical strain (LMO-K) and reference strain ATCC 19111). The evaluation of the biocidal effectiveness of disinfectant solutions (QAC—quaternary ammonium compounds; OA—oxidizing agents; ChC—chlorine compounds; IC—iodine compounds; NANO—nanoparticles) was carried out, marking the MBC values. Based on the obtained results, the effectiveness coefficient (A) were calculated. The smaller the A value, the greater the efficiency of disinfection solutions prepared on the basis of ozonated versus non-ozonated water. Ozonated water showed biocidal efficacy against L. monocytogenes. Among tested disinfectentants, independent on type of water used for preparation, the most effective against L. monocytogenes were: QAC 1 (benzyl-C12-18-alkydimethyl ammonium chlorides) (1.00 × 10−5–1.00 × 10−4 g/mL) in quaternary ammonium compounds, OA 3 (peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, bis (sulphate) bis (peroxymonosulfate)) (3.08 × 10−4 –3.70 × 10−3 g/mL) in oxidizing agents, ChC 1 (chlorine dioxide) (5.00 × 10−8 –7.00 × 10−7 g/mL) in chlorine compounds, IC 1 (iodine) (1.05–2.15 g/mL) in iodine compounds, and NANO 1 (nanocopper) (1.08 × 10−4 – 1.47 × 10−4 g/mL) in nanoparticles. The values of the activity coefficient for QAC ranged from 0.10 to 0.40, for OA—0.15–0.84, for ChC—0.25–0.83, for IC—0.45–0.60, and for NANO—0.70–0.84. The preparation of disinfectants solution on the basis of ozonated water, improved the microbicidal efficiency of the tested disinfectant, especially the quaternary ammonium compounds. An innovative element of our work is the use of ozonated water for the preparation of working solutions of the disinfection agents. Use ozonated water can help to reduce the use of disinfectant concentrations and limit the increasing of microbial resistance to disinfectants. This paper provides many new information to optimize hygiene plans in food processing plants and limit the spread of microorganisms such as L. monocytogenes.

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Inhibit and Reduce the Attachment of Viable Salmonella typhimurium to Poultry Tissues

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1191-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP J. BREEN ◽  
CESAR M. COMPADRE ◽  
E. KIM FIFER ◽  
HAMID SALARI ◽  
DELLAN C. SERBUS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Poultry Tissues ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

DESTRUCTION OF LACTIC ACID STREPTOCOCCUS BACTERIOPHAGE BY HYPOCHLORITE AND QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS*

1951 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Parker ◽  
P. R. Elliker
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Streptococcus Lactis ◽  
Streptococcus Cremoris ◽  
Quaternary Compounds ◽  
Dairy Equipment ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

A modification of the Weber and Black method was employed to compare rate of destruction of lactic streptococcus bacteriophage by sodium hypochlorite and quaternary ammonium compounds. At concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm, the hypochlorite exhibited faster destruction of phage than did the quaternary ammonium compounds. At 200 ppm both quaternaries and hypochlorites completely inactivated the phage in a 15-second exposure period. Results indicated that an active hypochlorite should be preferable to quaternary compounds for destruction of bacteriophage on dairy equipment. Different phage strains for both Streptococcus lactis and Streptococcus cremoris showed marked variations in resistance to quaternary ammonium germicides.

scholarly journals Low Sensitivity of Listeria monocytogenes to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 5083-5086 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mereghetti ◽  
R. Quentin ◽  
N. Marquet-Van Der Mee ◽  
A. Audurier
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Multidrug Efflux ◽  
Intrinsic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Efflux Pump ◽  
High Association ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

ABSTRACT Ninety-seven epidemiologically unrelated strains of Listeria monocytogenes were investigated for their sensitivities to quaternary ammonium compounds (benzalkonium chloride and cetrimide). The MICs for seven serogroup 1/2 strains were high. Three came from the environment and four came from food; none were isolated from human or animal samples. All 97 strains carried the mdrL gene, which encodes a multidrug efflux pump, and the orfA gene, a putative transcriptional repressor of mdrL. The absence of plasmids in four of the seven resistant strains and the conservation of resistance after plasmid curing suggested that the resistance genes are not plasmid borne. Moreover, PCR amplification and Southern blot hybridization experiments failed to find genes phylogenetically related to the qacA and smr genes, encoding multidrug efflux systems previously described for the genusStaphylococcus. The high association between nontypeability by phages and the loss of sensitivity to quaternary ammonium compounds are suggestive of an intrinsic resistance due to modifications in the cell wall.

Determination of quaternary ammonium compounds in food products by the method of ultra-performance liquid chromatography/high resolution mass-spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
V. G. Amelin ◽  
D. S. Bolshakov
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
High Resolution Mass ◽  
Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Resolution Mass

The goal of the study is developing a methodology for determination of the residual amounts of quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) in food products by UHPLC/high-resolution mass spectrometry after water-acetonitrile extraction of the determined components from the analyzed samples. The identification and determination of QAC was carried out on an «UltiMate 3000» ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph (Thermo Scientific, USA) equipped with a «maXis 4G» high-resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometric detector and an ion spray «ionBooster» source (Bruker Daltonics, Germany). Samples of milk, cheese (upper cortical layer), dumplings, pork, chicken skin and ground beef were used as working samples. Optimal conditions are specified for chromatographic separation of the mixture of five QAC, two of them being a mixture of homologues with a linear structure (including isomeric forms). The identification of QAC is carried out by the retention time, exact mass of the ions, and coincidence of the mSigma isotopic distribution. The limits for QAC detection are 0.1 – 0.5 ng/ml, the determination limits are 1 ng/ml for aqueous standard solutions. The determinable content of QAC in food products ranges within 1 – 100 ng/g. The results of analysis revealed the residual amount of QAC present in all samples, which confirms data of numerous sources of information about active use of QAC-based disinfectants in the meat and dairy industry. The correctness of the obtained results is verified by introduction of the additives in food products at a level of 10 ng/g for each QAC. The relative standard deviation of the analysis results does not exceed 0.18. The duration of the analysis is 30 – 40 min.

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