BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF A FARM BULK MILK HANDLING SYSTEM1,2

1954 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Marth ◽  
J. E. Hunter ◽  
W. C. Frazier
Keyword(s):  
Contact Method ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Handling System ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Bacteriological Testing ◽  
Dairy Plant ◽  
Satisfactory Manner

Studies were conducted on the bacteriology of a farm bulk milk handling system. The sanitary condition of two bulk cooling tanks was tested by the swab-contact method. Milk samples were taken under various conditions of storage to determine the time of agitation required to permit representative sampling for bacteriological testing. The milk was sampled for bacteriological analysis after one and two days of storage in the bulk tanks to determine the effect of every-other-day pickup. The milk was sampled at the farm and at the dairy plant to determine the effect of tanker transportation. Results from these studies indicated that the flat open surfaces of the cooling tanks were generally cleaned in a satisfactory manner but that valves required special care in cleansing. Ninety seconds of agitation permitted representative sampling for bacteriological tests under all test conditions. Neither every-other-day pickup nor tanker transport adversely affected milk quality in the system being studied.

scholarly journals Importance of Enterococcus spp. for Forming a Biofilm

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (Special Issue 1) ◽  
pp. S354-S356 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Necidová ◽  
B. Janštová ◽  
S. Karpíšková ◽  
Š. Cupáková ◽  
M. Dušková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Dairy Plant ◽  
Plant Level

The aim of this study was to monitore the capability of <I>Enterococcus fecalis</I> and <I>Enterococcus fecium</I> to form biofilms. Enterococci isolates originated from individual milk, bulk milk samples and environmental swabs obtained at farm level, dairy plant level including semi and final dairy products. Biofilm formation potential was determined by growing the tested strains in glas tubes containing BHI medium. The capability of forming biofilms was detected in 28% of <I>Enterococcus</I> spp. strains. Higher number of biofilm forming strains of the <I>Enterococcus faecium</I> (33%) than <I>Enterococcus faecalis</I> (28%) has been registered. Isolates obtained at plant level were forming biofilms more often than isolates from plant level and in final products (cheese and curd cheese), no isolate has been seen to be able to form biofilm.

Proteolysis detection in milk: II. The effect of preincubation of raw and laboratory pasteurized bulk milk samples on tyrosine value and its relationship with bacterial populations

1973 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Juffs
Keyword(s):  
Major Contributor ◽  
Milk Supply ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Before And After

SummaryA study is reported of the effect of preincubation of raw and laboratory pasteurized bulk milk samples on the tyrosine value (TV) of milk and its relationship with bacterial populations. For raw samples, mean TVs before and after preincubation for 20±2 h at both 25 and 30 °C differed (P < 0·001). After preincubation at 30 °C, the TV of 47 % of raw samples exceeded that considered to represent the upper limit of variation in the TV of a normal bulk milk supply. At this temperature, however, there was no indication that proteolytic psychrotrophs were a major contributor to increased TV. With preincubation of raw samples at 25 °C, an increase to above the upper limit of variation occurred in only 20 % of samples; however, proteolytic psychrotrophs appeared more active at this temperature. In similar samples preincubated after laboratory pasteurization, large increases occurred in TV after 20 ±2 h at 30 °C, while at 25 °C the increases were much smaller and of the order found for preincubated raw samples. The results showed, however, that nonpsychrotrophic bacteria were also the principal source of proteinase giving rise to increased TVs in laboratory pasteurized samples.

scholarly journals PP-040 Real-time PCR assay for identification of Brucella abortus in bulk milk samples in Iran

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. S36-S37 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Moshkelani ◽  
M. Javaheri Koupaei ◽  
S. Rabiei ◽  
A. Doosti
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk

scholarly journals Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis of bovine detection by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test in AL-Diwanyia province

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Gh. K. A. Al-kuzaay ◽  
Q. H. Kshash
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Specific Primer ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bacteriological Testing ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Test

This study was conducted for exam 348 milk samples from (clinically mastitic and other healthy cows) in many areas in AL-Diwanyia province by using CMT and bacteriological testing , which appeared that (64.9%) as percentage of mastitis ( clinically 15.9% , subclinically 84.0% ) Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis 13.2% ( 26.6% clinically , 73.3 % subclinicaly) diagnose by PCR assay by using specific primer (16SrRNA). Streptococcus agalactiae (30 isolates) after classical methods applied for streptococcus agalactiae identification (86 isolates).

Antibodies against nematodes in serum, milk and bulk milk samples as possible estimators of infection in dairy cows

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kloosterman ◽  
J. Verhoeff ◽  
H.W. Ploeger ◽  
T.J.G.M. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk

scholarly journals Determination of Fat, Protein, and Lactose in Raw Milk by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and by Analysis with a Conventional Filter-Based Milk Analyzer

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Lefier ◽  
Remy Grappin ◽  
Sylvie Pochet
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
True Protein ◽  
Single Calibration

Abstract The accuracy of fat, crude protein (CP), true protein (TP), and lactose determinations of raw milk by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and by analysis with a conventional filter-based milk analyzer was assessed in 6 trials performed over a 10-month period. At each trial, 30 bulk milk samples collected from 15 European countries and 11 reconstituted milks made from raw milk components were analyzed. When calibrations were performed with reconstituted milks at each trial, accuracy standard deviations for fat, CP, TP, and lactose were, respectively, 0.050,0.048,0.035, and 0.076 g/100 g for the filter instrument and 0.047, 0.046,0.042, and 0.065 g/100 g for the FTIR instrument. When a single calibration was made instead of calibrations at each trial, accuracy standard deviations increased for the filter instrument to 0.130, 0.119,0.121, and 0.083 for fat, CP, TP, and lactose, respectively, and for the FTIR instrument to 0.082, 0.053,0.044, and 0.084 g/100 g. Because the FTIR instrument provides more spectral information related to milk composition than does the filter instrument, single-calibration FTIR analysis of milk samples collected in different seasons is more accurate. Using reconstituted milks, prepared such that there is no correlation between fat, CP, and lactose, provides a more robust calibration than using genuine bulk milk, especially when milks with unusual composition are analyzed.

scholarly journals Assessment of ceftiofur residues in cow milk using commercial screening test kits

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Durel ◽  
Guglielmo Gallina ◽  
Terence Pellet
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Withdrawal Time ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk

Ceftiofur, a third-generation cephalosporin, is one of the most used antibiotics in dairy industry. Intramuscular injection of 1 mg/kgBW ceftiofur hydrochloride (HCl) generally results in 0 hour withdrawal time for the milk in dairy cows. Nevertheless, farmers and dairy processors occasionally complain about ceftiofur-based products in case of positive result to a commercial rapid screening test for the presence of violative residues of antimicrobials (inhibitors) in the bulk milk tank. Six lactating cows were injected with a 50 mg/ml ceftiofur HCl-based product at the dosage regimen of 1 mg/kg, intramuscularly, once a day, for five consecutive days, as per label. Milk samples were then collected just before the very last injection (T0) and then at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 and 96 hours after the last injection. Individual milk samples were tested using three commercial screening test kits for inhibitor residues: DelvotestSP NT, SNAP Beta-Lactam ST Plus and ROSA MRL Beta-Lactam Test. Since bulk tank is screened in real operating conditions, samples were also diluted to 1:4, 1:10 and tested again. For the Delvotest SP NT, which lowest detected concentration is close the MRL of the ceftiofur (100 µg/kg), all results were negative. For the ROSA MRL Beta-Lactam Test and the SNAP Beta-Lactam ST Plus, several samples yielded positive and doubtful results at T0 and T12. However, after dilution to 1:10, all results were negative. Consequently, when used as officially instructed, the tested 50 mg/ml ceftiofur HCl-based injectable veterinary products are safe, and milk should be free of violative residues of ceftiofur. With consideration to the low specificity and the low positive predictive value of commercial screening tests, positive reactions of the bulk milk should be interpreted as false positive or another risky usage of β-lactam-based medicines in the farm must be investigated.

The use of single or composite milk samples for the determination of fat

1968 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. O'Keeffe
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Testing Accuracy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Composite Samples

SummarySamples were tested for fat percentage from every consignment of herd bulk milk from 10 herds over a period of 12 months. The mean monthly within-herd variance was 0·043. Also, triplicate samples were taken from 8 herd bulk supplies for 8 days and tested in duplicate and an analysis of variance was applied to the within-herd fat percentage in order to find the contribution sampling, testing and biological variances. It is shown that when dealing with tanker-collected milk where composite samples are not used the testing accuracy is secondary to frequency of sampling. By combining the variances in the formulae given, the accuracy of different systems may be obtained and compared using either single tested or composite samples.

scholarly journals The antimicrobial activity of cationic proteins isolated from the cells in bulk milk samples

1971 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Hibbitt ◽  
J. Brownlie ◽  
C. B. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Fast Green ◽  
Cationic Proteins ◽  
Disk Electrophoresis ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Micrococcus Lysodeikticus ◽  
Fast Green Fcf

SUMMARYCationic proteins isolated from the cells in bulk milk samples were shown to inhibit the growth of two pathogenic strains of staphylococci and alsoStreptococcus agalactiaeS 13. Polyacrylamide gel disk electrophoresis studies on these proteins revealed the presence of at least 9 components some of which had isoelectric pH's between 7·0 and 9·0. Trace amounts of the isolated protein had isoelectric pH's greater than 9·0. Staphylococci incubated with milk-cell cationic proteins absorbed the protein, thereby allowing the organism to be stained with the anionic dye Fast Green FCF. Protein-treated staphylococci in isotonic solutions autoagglutinated. This autoagglutination was more marked in hypo- and hypertonic solutions. Lysozyme was not demonstrated in the isolated protein fractions in assays involving incubation withMicrococcus lysodeikticusfor 90 min. The antimicrobial activity of the cationic proteins isolated from the bulk milk samples was not destroyed after heating to temperatures up to 70° C for 30 min., whereas at higher temperatures the activity diminished and was almost completely lost at 100° C.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document