scholarly journals Importance of Enterococcus spp. for Forming a Biofilm

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (Special Issue 1) ◽  
pp. S354-S356 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Necidová ◽  
B. Janštová ◽  
S. Karpíšková ◽  
Š. Cupáková ◽  
M. Dušková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Dairy Plant ◽  
Plant Level

The aim of this study was to monitore the capability of <I>Enterococcus fecalis</I> and <I>Enterococcus fecium</I> to form biofilms. Enterococci isolates originated from individual milk, bulk milk samples and environmental swabs obtained at farm level, dairy plant level including semi and final dairy products. Biofilm formation potential was determined by growing the tested strains in glas tubes containing BHI medium. The capability of forming biofilms was detected in 28% of <I>Enterococcus</I> spp. strains. Higher number of biofilm forming strains of the <I>Enterococcus faecium</I> (33%) than <I>Enterococcus faecalis</I> (28%) has been registered. Isolates obtained at plant level were forming biofilms more often than isolates from plant level and in final products (cheese and curd cheese), no isolate has been seen to be able to form biofilm.

scholarly journals Susceptibility to Enterocins and Lantibiotic Bacteriocins of Biofilm-Forming Enterococci Isolated from Slovak Fermented Meat Products Available on the Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9586
Author(s):  
Andrea Lauková ◽  
Anna Kandričáková ◽  
Eva Bino
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Enterococcus Hirae ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Enterocin A

This study investigated eight types of Slovak dry fermented meat products (salami and sausages) that are available on the market and were produced by three different producers in different regions of Slovakia. The total counts of enterococci in these products ranged from 2.0 up to 6.0 cfu/g (log10). Three species were identified among the 15 selected enterococcal strains; Enterococcus faecium (8 strains), Enterococcus faecalis (3) and Enterococcus hirae (4). They were hemolysis-negative (γ-hemolysis) with a biofilm-forming ability, which was evaluated as low-grade biofilm formation, susceptible to conventional antibiotics and mainly susceptible to lantibiotic bacteriocins, namely, gallidermin and nisin; they even showed a higher susceptibility to gallidermin than to nisin. They were also susceptible to enterocin–durancin, but most strains showed resistance to enterocin A/P. This study indicated that bacteriocins can play a key role in preventing and/or protecting from undesirable bacterial multiplication or contamination in the food industry and that they have great potential for further experimental applications.

BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF A FARM BULK MILK HANDLING SYSTEM1,2

1954 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Marth ◽  
J. E. Hunter ◽  
W. C. Frazier
Keyword(s):  
Contact Method ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Handling System ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Bacteriological Testing ◽  
Dairy Plant ◽  
Satisfactory Manner

Studies were conducted on the bacteriology of a farm bulk milk handling system. The sanitary condition of two bulk cooling tanks was tested by the swab-contact method. Milk samples were taken under various conditions of storage to determine the time of agitation required to permit representative sampling for bacteriological testing. The milk was sampled for bacteriological analysis after one and two days of storage in the bulk tanks to determine the effect of every-other-day pickup. The milk was sampled at the farm and at the dairy plant to determine the effect of tanker transportation. Results from these studies indicated that the flat open surfaces of the cooling tanks were generally cleaned in a satisfactory manner but that valves required special care in cleansing. Ninety seconds of agitation permitted representative sampling for bacteriological tests under all test conditions. Neither every-other-day pickup nor tanker transport adversely affected milk quality in the system being studied.

Detection of virulence factors in high-level gentamicin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from a Tunisian hospital

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Klibi ◽  
K. Ben Slama ◽  
Y. Sáenz ◽  
A. Masmoudi ◽  
S. Zanetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Gelatinase Activity ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
High Level

Phenotypic and genotypic determination of virulence factors were carried out in 46 high-level gentamicin-resistant (HLGR) clinical Enterococcus faecalis (n = 34) and Enterococcus faecium (n = 12) isolates recovered from different patients in La Rabta Hospital in Tunis, Tunisia, between 2000 and 2003 (all these isolates harboured the aac(6′)–aph(2″) gene). The genes encoding virulence factors (agg, gelE, ace, cylLLS, esp, cpd, and fsrB) were analysed by PCR and sequencing. The production of gelatinase and hemolysin, the adherence to caco-2 and hep-2 cells, and the capacity for biofilm formation were investigated in all 46 HLGR enterococci. The percentages of E. faecalis isolates harbouring virulence genes were as follows: gelE, cpd, and ace (100%); fsrB (62%); agg (56%); cylLLS (41.2%); and esp (26.5%). The only virulence gene detected among the 12 HLGR E. faecium isolates was esp (58%). Gelatinase activity was detected in 22 of the 34 E. faecalis isolates (65%, most of them with the gelE+–fsrB+ genotype); the remaining 12 isolates were gelatinase-negative (with the gelE+–fsrB– genotype and the deletion of a 23.9 kb fragment of the fsr locus). Overall, 64% of the cylLLS-containing E. faecalis isolates showed β-hemolysis. A high proportion of our HLGR E. faecalis isolates, in contrast to E. faecium, showed moderate or strong biofilm formation or adherence to caco-2 and hep-2 cells.

scholarly journals Total Bacterial Counts of Raw Milk in Eastern Terai of Nepal

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lekh Raj Dahal ◽  
Dainik B Nepali Karki ◽  
Ramashish Shah
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Period ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Plant Level

This study was carried out to evaluate the quality of raw milk measured by Total Bacterial Count (TBC). Bulk raw milk for bacteriological study was carried out in Regional Veterinary Laboratory (RVL), Biratnagar. Altogether, 520 milk samples for TBC were examined at farm and plant levels. Results showed a great variability of TBC for the overall study period. The lowest TBC (2.78 x 106) and the highest TBC (13.299 x 106) at two milk collection units revealed nearly fivefold difference. The results of mean TBC at farm (9.03 x 105) was nine fold of international standard (1 x 105), and mean TBC at plant (104.71 x 105) reached 104 folds the international standard. The TBC at farm level were non significant (P>0.05) for overall experimental period where as most of TBC at plant level differed (p<0.01) significantly. TBC at farm level differed significantly (P<0.01) from each record of same date at plant level. The highest number of TBC (16.5 x 106) was observed in the month of September, which was significantly (P <0.01) different from the rest of the months. The results obtained from the study indicated that the current situation is critical and needs real improvement from production point to processing plant.Key words: Raw milk; Total Bacterial Count (TBC)The Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTVol. 11, 2010Page: 46-50Uploaded Date: 15 Septembre, 2010

scholarly journals Enterococcus faeciumWB2000 Inhibits Biofilm Formation by Oral Cariogenic Streptococci

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nao Suzuki ◽  
Masahiro Yoneda ◽  
Yuko Hatano ◽  
Tomoyuki Iwamoto ◽  
Yosuke Masuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Dual Cultures

This study investigated the inhibitory effect of probioticEnterococcus faeciumWB2000 on biofilm formation by cariogenic streptococci. The ability ofE. faeciumWB2000 and JCM5804 andEnterococcus faecalisJCM5803 to inhibit biofilm formation by seven laboratory oral streptococcal strains and 13 clinical mutans streptococcal strains was assayed. TheEnterococcalstrains inhibited biofilm formation in dual cultures with the mutans streptococcal strainsStreptococcus mutansXc andStreptococcus sobrinusJCM5176 (P<0.05), but not with the noncariogenic streptococcal strains.Enterococcus faeciumWB2000 inhibited biofilm formation by 90.0% (9/10) of the clinicalS. mutansstrains and 100% (3/3) of the clinicalS. sobrinusstrains. After culturing, the pH did not differ between single and dual cultures. The viable counts of floating mutans streptococci were lower in dual cultures withE. faeciumWB2000 than in single cultures.Enterococcus faeciumWB2000 acted as a probiotic bacterial inhibitor of cariogenic streptococcal biofilm formation.

scholarly journals Molecular Characteristics of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from Bulk Tank Milk in Korea

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 661
Author(s):  
Sunghyun Yoon ◽  
Young Ju Lee
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Tank

Enterococci are considered to be environmental mastitis-causing pathogens that can easily spread antimicrobial resistance or virulence genes via horizontal transfer. In this study, the molecular characteristics of enterococci from bulk tank milk were investigated to assess the importance of dairy herd management. A total of 338 enterococci (305 Enterococcus faecalis and 33 Enterococcus faecium) were isolated from 1584 batches of bulk tank milk samples from 396 farms affiliated with four dairy companies in Korea, and significant differences (40.6–79.7%) (p < 0.05) in the prevalence of enterococci were observed in the samples from different companies. Enterococci showed the highest resistance to tetracycline (TET) (73.4%), followed by doxycycline (DOX) (49.7%) and erythromycin (ERY) (46.2%), while two enterococci isolates showed resistance to vancomycin (VAN). Among 146 tetracycline (TET) and ERY-resistant enterococci, each 50 (19.4%) enterococci carried combination-resistance and transposon gene types erm(B) + tet(M) + IntTn and erm(B) + tet(L) + tet(M) + IntTn, respectively. The virulence genes such as ace (99.0%), efaA (97.7%), cad1 (95.7%), and gelE (85.9%) were highly conserved in E. faecalis and significantly predominated over E. faecium (p < 0.001). Our results indicate that pathogens from bulk tank milk can also become a reservoir for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors through cross-contamination processes.

scholarly journals Powdered over fresh milk preference and hygienic dairy practices in Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruwini Rupasinghe ◽  
Ryen Morey ◽  
Miller Michele ◽  
Achala Manoji ◽  
Ayesha Salgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Bulk Milk

Abstract Background The majority of Sri Lankans may select imported powdered milk over fresh milk, and a significant portion of Gross Domestic Product in Sri Lanka is spent on dairy products imports. Demand for fresh milk may be hindered by consumer preference towards powdered milk consumption and the lack of hygienic standards for fresh milk. The current study was conducted to identify factors contributing to consumer preference for powdered milk and to evaluate hygienic best practices of dairy farms. Methods The study took place in Kandy district, Sri Lanka. Two surveys were conducted: the first survey included questions concerning demographics and reasons for milk preference was administered to a randomly selected population (n = 561); the second survey focused on hygienic practices in dairy farms, and was administered to owners of dairy farms (n = 195). Milk samples were collected from individual cows and bulk tanks and analyzed for coliform counts. Regression approaches were used to evaluate associations of demographic variables with milk preference, farm management practices with mastitis history, and coliform counts. Results A large consumer preference was observed for powdered milk (86%), and females were 2.2 times more likely to select powdered milk than males (P = 0.03). Availability was the main reason for powdered milk preference, whilst taste was the main reason for selecting fresh milk. Coliform counts were higher in most of the analyzed bulk milk samples and rinsing bulk milk tanks with warm water showed a significant reduction in milk coliform counts. Washing the teats with warm water had a lower mastitis risk when compared to washing teats with regular water. Conclusions Study revealed that in order to create a fresh milk drinking culture in Sri Lanka there needs to be a mechanism to make it more accessible to the consumers. Fresh milk marketing strategies need to be focused more on the female consumers. Farmer education on good hygienic practices, elimination of inefficiencies in both milk production and collection process, standardization of milk quality according to the number of microorganisms in milk would improve the quality of dairy products in Sri Lanka.

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