Trends in Foodborne Salmonellosis Outbreaks: 1963–1975

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 798-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
MITCHELL L. COHEN ◽  
PAUL A. BLAKE
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Human Salmonellosis ◽  
Meat And Eggs

Since 1963 651 outbreaks of human salmonellosis have been reported to the Center for Disease Control. The vehicle of transmission was identified in 463 (71%) of the reported outbreaks. The three most important vehicles have been poultry, meat, and eggs, which accounted for 99 (21%), 69 (15%), and 53 (11%) of the outbreaks respectively. Egg-associated outbreaks decreased markedly during the study period while meat-associated outbreaks (particularly beef) gradually increased and poultry-associated outbreaks showed no constant trend.

scholarly journals Quality of poultry meat and eggs

2021 ◽  
Vol 677 (2) ◽  
pp. 022093
Author(s):  
O V Smolenkova ◽  
O A Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat And Eggs

REGULATORY SUPPORT OF CHILD NUTRITION PRODUCTION AT THE BASE OF POULTRY MEAT AND EGGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-68
Author(s):  
L.V. Shakhnazarova ◽  
◽  
I. L. Stephanova ◽  
G.A. Stepanova ◽  
A.Y. Klimenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat And Eggs

scholarly journals Backyard Chicken Farming Role in Supplementing Household Economy of District Quetta, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Kamran Baseer Achakzai ◽  
Muhammad Abbas Shah ◽  
Ramla Achakzai ◽  
Ghulam Hussain Kakar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Household Economy ◽  
Backyard Poultry ◽  
Poultry Birds ◽  
Backyard Chicken ◽  
Meat And Eggs ◽  
Poultry Farming

Backyard chicken farming is as an effective tool for poverty reduction in rural areas, by providing living to resource poor communities; it is an important source of extra cash income other than eggs and meat for family consumption. The present study was carried out to assess the role of backyard poultry farming in supplementing household economy of rural farmers dwelling in district Quetta, Pakistan. Information from ninety-nine randomly selected female backyard poultry farmers were gathered during November 2016 to March 2017. Owing to previous government and non-government interventions backyard poultry keeping was found as an established practice. Women were found the main custodian of backyard poultry birds and consequently were the main beneficiary of the activity. Poultry birds of Fayoumi and Golden / Rhode Island Red (RIR) breeds were the main types. Majority of the farmers reared these birds under scavenging conditions in combination with feeding on household left over dry bread (52%); most of the respondents (62%) were taking care of the birds by themselves which resulted in overall low production cost. Income included the earning received from sale of birds, eggs and the home consumption of poultry meat and eggs. Net income per annum per household was estimated as Pakistani Rupee (PKR) 79290/- (US$ 566). The estimated Rank Based Quotients (R.B.Q) based on farmers perception disclosed backyard poultry keeping as an important domestic source of meat and eggs with almost no or very little capital investment, ranked (I, 80%) followed by a substantial source of supplementary income and was ranked (II, 79%). Amongst the problems, disease outbreaks were the most prevailing problem (I, 90%) followed by unavailability of vaccines (II, 85%). The backyard poultry farming generated subsistence income and provided high quality valuable food that improved household nutrition.

Chemical Contamination of Poultry Meat and Eggs

2017 ◽  
pp. 491-515
Author(s):  
Komala Arsi ◽  
Dan J. Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Meat And Eggs

scholarly journals RetractedHuman Health Risk of Chromium Intake From Consumption of Poultry Meat and Eggs in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Shakhaoat Hossain ◽  
Prantik Roy ◽  
Monira Islam ◽  
Md. Alamgir Zaman Chowdhury ◽  
Zeenath Fardous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Meat And Eggs ◽  
Target Hazard Quotients

Background. Heavy metals contamination of food is a serious threat. Long term exposure may lead to human health risks. Poultry and eggs are a major source of protein, but if contaminated by heavy metals, have the potential to lead to detrimental effects on human health. Objectives. The objective of this study is to determine chromium concentrations in poultry meat (flesh and liver) and eggs collected from poultry farms in Dhaka, Bangladesh, to calculate the daily intake of chromium from the consumption of poultry meat and eggs for adults, and to evaluate their potential health risk by calculating the target hazard quotients (THQ). Methods. All samples of poultry feed, meat (flesh and liver) and eggs were analyzed by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) (GFA- EX- 7i Shimadju, Japan). Results. Chromium concentrations were recorded in the range of not detected (ND) to 1.3926±0.0010 mg kg−1 and 0.0678±0.0001 mg kg−1 to 1.3764±0.0009 mg kg−1 in the liver of broiler and layer chickens, respectively. Chromium concentrations were determined in the range of 0.069±1.0004 mgkg−1 to 2.0746±0.0021 mg kg−1 and 0.0362±0.0002 mg kg−1 to 1.2752±0.0014 mg kg−1 in the flesh of broiler and layer chicken, respectively. The mean concentration of chromium in eggs was 0.2174−1.08 mg kg.−1 The highest concentration of chromium 2.4196±0.0019 mg kg−1 was found in egg yolk. Target hazard quotients values in all poultry flesh, liver and eggs samples were less than one, indicating no potential health risks to consumers. Conclusions. The estimated daily intake values of chromium were below the threshold limit. Thus, our results indicate that no adverse health effects are expected as a resultof ingestion of chicken fed with tannery waste. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests. Ethics Approval: This study was approved by the Biosafety, Biosecurity & Ethical Committee of Jahangirnagar University.

scholarly journals A large panel of chicken cells are invaded in vivo by Salmonella Typhimurium even when depleted of all known invasion factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Roche ◽  
S. Holbert ◽  
Y. Le Vern ◽  
C. Rossignol ◽  
A. Rossignol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Tissue Tropism ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Meat And Eggs

AbstractSalmonella are among the most important foodborne pathogens and contaminated poultry meat and eggs are the main source of human infection. Infected poultry are a major problem as they are asymptomatic, thus rendering the identification of infected poultry farms difficult. In this context, controlling animal infections is of primary importance. It is known that cell and tissue tropism govern disease in many infectious models, our aim was therefore to identify the infected host-cell types in chicks and the role of the three known bacterial invasion factors in this process (T3SS-1, Rck and PagN). Chicks were inoculated with wild-type or isogenic fluorescent Salmonella Typhimurium mutant strains via the intraperitoneal route. Then infected cells in the liver, spleen, gall bladder and aortic vessels were identified using flow-cytometric analyses and invasion confirmed by confocal microscopy. Our results show that all these organs could be foci of infection and that a wide array of phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells is invaded in vivo in each organ. These cells include immune cells and also epithelial and endothelial cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that, despite the invalidation of the three known invasion factors (T3SS-1, Rck and PagN), S. Typhimurium remained able to colonize internal organs and invade non-phagocytic cells in each organ studied. In line with this result, the mutant strains colonized these organs more efficiently than the wild-type strain. S. Typhimurium invasion of gall bladder cells was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and infection was shown to last several weeks after inoculation of chicks and at a level similar to that observed in the spleen. All together, these findings provide new insights into the dynamics of Salmonella spread in vivo in chicks at the organ and cellular levels.Author summaryIn many infectious models, cell and tissue tropism govern disease. Moreover, depending on the entry process, both bacterial behavior and host response are different. It is therefore important to identify the host cells targeted in vivo by a pathogen and the entry routes used by this pathogen to invade the different host cells. This is all the more important with a pathogen that enters cells in several ways like Salmonella, which is responsible for human and animal salmonellosis. As poultry meat and eggs are the main sources of human contamination, controlling animal infections is of primary importance. In this paper, we identified a large array of phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells targeted in vivo using fluorescent Salmonella Typhimurium strains inoculated by the intraperitoneal route. Surprisingly, the same host cells were infected by the wild-type strain or its isogenic mutants deleted of either the T3SS-1 or of the three known invasion factors (T3SS-1, Rck and PagN). These cells were immune cells but also epithelial and endothelial cells. Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time that the gall bladder and the aortic vessels could be foci of infection in chicks in addition to the liver and spleen.

scholarly journals Selenium in poultry nutrition: a review

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 495-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Suchý ◽  
E. Straková ◽  
I. Herzig
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Meat And Eggs ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Selenium has been known for two centuries and its biological activities have been studied for nearly a hundred years, however the problem of Se deficit has still been persisting both in humans and animals. The cause of Se deficit in animals may be low Se level in soil. This mainly applies to cattle and sheep with their direct link to soil via roughage. The risk of Se deficit in pigs and poultry is lower due to lower dependence on soil Se level in the region and Se fortification in feed mixes. The present research focuses on the effects of Se on meat and egg quality, antioxidant activity of Se, effects on fatty acid levels, activity of glutathione-peroxidase, or the effect of Se on the immune system. Ensuring natural Se supply in human nutrition by food of animal origin, mainly poultry meat and eggs (the “functional foods”), is another area to which extensive attention has recently been paid.  

The Salmonella Problem: Current Status and Future Direction1

1982 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN H. SILLIKER
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
School Level ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Current Status ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Human Salmonellosis

Human salmonellosis continues to be an important public health problem. Consumer mishandling of poultry, meat and dairy products is the most frequent cause of outbreaks. Attempts to educate consumers in proper food handling practices have had disappointing results. Denmark has an intensive program directed towards students in the 7, 8, 9 and 10th grades. Canada is contemplating a similar program for students at the high school level. Similar efforts do not exist in the U.S. Contaminated animal feed continues to be an important source of infection to livestock. The recent rise in the importance of Salmonella agona and Salmonella hadar illustrates again the important chain leading from feed contamination to livestock infection to human infection. Scandinavian countries have intensive programs directed toward control of Salmonella in domestic meat animals. Indications are that this has decreased the incidence of Salmonella in livestock and that concurrently there has been a decreased incidence of human salmonellosis in these countries. The Nurmi concept, involving oral administration of the gastrointestinal flora of adult birds into newly hatched chicks and poults, shows promise as a practical and economical approach to reducing the incidence of salmonellae in poultry.

Occurrence of Nitrate, Nitrite and Volatile Nitrosamines in Certain Feedstuffs and Animal Products

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Ologhobo ◽  
H.I. Adegede ◽  
E.N. Maduagiwu
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Poultry Feeds ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Meat And Eggs ◽  
Feed Samples ◽  
Volatile Nitrosamines

Nitrate, nitrite and nitrosamines were analysed in poultry feeds, meat and eggs. The poultry meat was boiled and roasted while the eggs were raw and boiled, and the effects of these processing treatments on the level of these compounds were investigated. Nitrate levels in the meat samples were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by boiling and roasting, with boiling being more effective. Nitrite levels were also reduced significantly by processing (P < 0.05). The feed samples contained levels of nitrate which were significantly different (P < 0.05) from one producer to another. Nitrite levels were generally low in all feed samples. Nitrosamines were not detected in any of the feed samples and in the meat samples except in two samples of boiled meat which contained 0.001 g/kg each.

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