Mexican-style Foodservice Operations: Hazard Analyses, Critical Control Points and Monitoring

1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK L. BRYAN ◽  
CHARLES A. BARTLESON
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Ground Meat ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Point Evaluations

Hazard analyses critical control point evaluations were made in four restaurants specializing in Mexican-style foods. Time-temperature evaluations were made of beans, meat products, and rice during cooking, cooling, reheating, and hot-holding, and other food preparation procedures were observed during 3 d of operation. A few samples were collected and tested for Clostridium perfringens and aerobic plate counts (APC). Raw beans harbored C. perfringens, but this organism was not isolated from a few samples of garlic powder, cooked beans, cooked chicken meat, cooked chili pork, cooked ground beef, or cooked chimichanga meat. APCs generally were higher as the depth of the refrigerated product increased, in covered pans with refrigerator air circulation blocked by pans above or below and adjacent, or when the product was left unrefrigerated for several hours. Foods cooked in these establishments, with the occasional exception of ground meat, usually reached temperatures that would have killed vegetative forms of foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Foods were usually maintained at satisfactorily high temperatures during hot-holding, except surfaces and regions just below the surface of uncovered foods were frequently below 140°F (60°C). The foods, particularly beans, when put in a traditional manner in pans with lids in refrigerators cooled slowly. Cooling without lids, in freezers, or in pans on top of pans filled with ice led to more rapid cooling. During reheating, products often failed to reach 165°F (74°C). Critical control points in all operations were cooling and reheating. Monitoring of cooling can be done by observing the size and shape of containers, by measuring the depth of product, and by determining whether lids are used during cooling and whether the containers are stored on top of or next to each other. Monitoring of reheating can be done by measuring temperatures at the completion of cooking or during the post-heating temperature rise while products are in steam tables ready for service.

scholarly journals Microbiological Hazard Identification and Exposure Assessment of Poultry Products Sold in Various Localities of Hyderabad, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rao V. Sudershan ◽  
R. Naveen Kumar ◽  
L. Kashinath ◽  
V. Bhaskar ◽  
K. Polasa
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Food Handler ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Process Flow Diagram ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Critical Control Points

A study was carried out to identify microbiological hazards and assess their exposure associated with consumption of poultry based street food served in different localities of Hyderabad. The study indicated that chicken 65, chicken fried rice, chicken noodles, chicken Manchuria and chilly chicken are the most common recipes. A process flow diagram was developed to identify critical control points in the food item. After analysis of the samples at each level of preparation, it was observed that rice and noodles were kept at room temperature for about 5-6 hrs which was a critical control point. A total of 376 samples including chicken fried rice, chicken noodles, boiled noodles and boiled rice were collected from circle 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of Greater Hyderabad municipal corporation (GHMC) and analyzed for microbiological examination. The most prevalent pathogenic bacteria isolated wereS. aureus(3.4 log 10 cfu/g) andB. cereus(3.4 log 10 cfu/g).Salmonellaspp. was present in salads (3.2 log 10 cfu/g) and hand washings of the food handler (3.5 log 10 cfu/g).Salmonellacontamination was found in salads served along with chicken fried rice and chicken noodles than in the food.

Washing and chilling as critical control points in pork slaughter hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 893-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Bolton ◽  
R.A. Pearce ◽  
J.J. Sheridan ◽  
I.S. Blair ◽  
D.A. McDowell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Critical Control Points

Studies to determine the critical control points in pork slaughter hazard analysis and critical control point systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Pearce ◽  
D.J. Bolton ◽  
J.J. Sheridan ◽  
D.A. McDowell ◽  
I.S. Blair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Critical Control Points

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Steam Pasteurization Process in a Commercial Beef Processing Facility

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABBEY L. NUTSCH ◽  
RANDALL K. PHEBUS ◽  
M. JAMES RIEMANN ◽  
DAVID E. SCHAFER ◽  
J. E. BOYER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Steam Treatment ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Beef Processing ◽  
Steam Pasteurization

The effectiveness of a steam pasteurization process for reducing naturally occurring bacterial populations on freshly slaughtered beef sides was evaluated in a large commercial facility. Over a period of 10 days, 140 randomly chosen beef sides were microbiologically analyzed. Each side was sampled immediately before, immediately after, and 24 h after steam pasteurization treatment. Total aerobic bacteria (APC), Escherichia coli (generic), coliform, and Enterobacteriaceae populations were enumerated. The process significantly (P ≤ 0.01) reduced mean APCs from 2.19 log CFU/cm2 before treatment to 0.84 log CFU/cm2 immediately after and 0.94 log CFU/cm2 24 h after treatment. Before pasteurization (8 s steam exposure), 16.4% of carcasses were positive for generic E. coli (level of 0.60 to 1.53 log CFU/cm2), 37.9% were positive for coliforms (level of 0.60 to 2.26 log CFU/cm2), and 46.4% were positive for Enterobacteriaceae (level of 0.60 to 2.25 log CFU/cm2). After pasteurization, 0% of carcasses were positive for E. coli, 1.4% were positive for coliforms (level of 0.60 to 1.53 log CFU/cm2), and 2.9% were positive for Enterobacteriaceae (level of 0.60 to 1.99 log CFU/cm2). Of the 140 carcasses evaluated, one carcass was positive for Salmonella spp. before treatment (0.7% incidence rate); all carcasses were negative after steam treatment. This study indicates that steam pasteurization is very effective in a commercial setting for reducing overall bacterial populations on freshly slaughtered beef carcasses. The system may effectively serve as an important critical control point for HACCP systems at the slaughter phase of beef processing. In conjunction with other antimicrobial interventions (mandated by USDA to achieve zero tolerance standards for visible contamination) and good manufacturing practices, this process can play an important role in reducing the risk of pathogenic bacteria in raw meat and meat products.

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Judgments in Fruit Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 1366-1372
Author(s):  
Yao Li Zhang ◽  
Bin Du ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Xin Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Critical Control Points

In the applications of HACCP, hazard analysis (HA) and the determination of critical control points (CCP) are particularly important. For example, in fruit production, using hazard risk assessment to quantify the damage, to determine the significant harm, then using tree key control point evaluation and providing general methods for HACCP critical control points to judge. There are rich fruit tree resources in our country, the fruit trees of economic value has more than 30, including apple, orange, pear, banana, peach, hawthorn, plum, apricot, cherry, grape, litchi, longan, pineapple, mango, persimmon, jujube and kiwi, etc. In recent years, the development of fruit industry is fast in China, the fruit production has increased to 214.014 million t in 2010 from 161.201 million t in 2005. As people living standard enhancement, the fruits quality and safety are becoming more and more important. Fruits quality and safety have become an important factor that restricts the development of fruit industry in our country.

Modeling the Effect of Storage Temperatures on the Growth of Listeria monocytogenes on Ready-to-Eat Ham and Sausage

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1675-1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
KE LUO ◽  
SUNG-SAM HONG ◽  
DEOG-HWAN OH
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Zone Method ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Primary Model ◽  
Two Samples

The aim of this study was to model the growth kinetics of Listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat ham and sausage at different temperatures (4 to 35°C). The observed data fitted well with four primary models (Baranyi, modified Gompertz, logistic, and Huang) with high coefficients of determination (R2 > 0.98) at all measured temperatures. After the mean square error (0.009 to 0.051), bias factors (0.99 to 1.06), and accuracy factors (1.01 to 1.09) were obtained in all models, the square root and the natural logarithm model were employed to describe the relation between temperature and specific growth rate (SGR) and lag time (LT) derived from the primary models. These models were validated against the independent data observed from additional experiments using the acceptable prediction zone method and the proportion of the standard error of prediction. All secondary models based on each of the four primary models were acceptable to describe the growth of the pathogen in the two samples. The validation results indicate that the optimal primary model for estimating the SGR was the Baranyi model, and the optimal primary model for estimating LT was the logistic model in ready-to-eat (RTE) ham. The Baranyi model was also the optimal model to estimate the SGR and LT in RTE sausage. These results could be used to standardize predictive models, which are commonly used to identify critical control points in hazard analysis and critical control point systems or for the quantitative microbial risk assessment to improve the food safety of RTE meat products.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI POTENSI BAHAYA DAN PEMANTAUAN CRITICAL POINT, (HACCP) PRODUK MAKANAN PENERBANGAN

Pro Food ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Mustofa Lutfi ◽  
Bambang Dwi Argo ◽  
Sri Hartini
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Freezer Storage ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Catering Industry ◽  
Ice Cube

ABSTRACTHACCP has been known as a system that uses a systematic and preventive approach that is shown to biological, chemical and physical hazards through anticipatory and preventive measures by no relying on inspection and testing on the final product. The application of HACCP is not only for the food industry but can be applied to the catering industry, catering services and food at hotels and restaurants. For this reason, modern food companies really need to determine quality standards for the consumers they serve. The purpose of this study was to analyze the application of HACCP on aviation food products (Aerofood ACS SUB) by identifying potential hazards and applying Critical Control Points (CCP). The methods are 1) observation of Critical Control Points (CCP) performed at receiving (CCP 1), chiller and freezer (Storage) (CCP 2), cooking (CCP 3), blast chilling (CCP 4), portioning (CCP 5). 2) Microbiological sampling consisting of random raw material samples at each arrival, hand swab samples randomly in the production and operational areas, swab equipment samples were also taken according to random, Dry good samples were taken randomly in storage, random ice cube samples , water tab samples are taken according to the sample. The company has HACCP planning as a guide for all processes that will take place within the company. All are based on the principles of HACCP for the whole process. The implementation of critical control points is in 5 places, namely receiving, storage, cooking, chilling and portioning blast. At each of these critical points, the standard critical temperature is different. Materials that do not meet the standards are rejected for further processing. In terms of microbiological hazards, it is checked by testing samples on foodstuffs, ready to eat food, dry good, air test, hand swab, production equipment, water and ice cube. The implementation of each sample test has been determined by PT. Aerofood ACS Surabaya based on standard procedures. If the results of checking is not the standards, repairs are handled or changes in the flow of handling procedures. Keywords: HACCP, CCP, Critical Limits, management system ABSTRAKHACCP telah dikenal luas diseluruh dunia sebagai suatu sistem yang menggunakan pendekatan sistimatis dan preventif yang ditunjukan kepada bahaya biologis, kimia dan fisik melalui langkah-langkah antisipatif dan pencegahan dengan tidak lagi mengandalkan pada pemeriksaan dan pengujian pada produk akhir. Penerapan HACCP tidak hanya untuk industri pangan melainkan dapat diterapkan pada industri catering dan jasa boga serta makanan di hotel dan restauran. Untuk itu perusahaan pangan modern sangat perlu untuk menentukan standart mutu untuk konsumen yang dilayaninya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis penerapan HACCP pada produk makanan penerbangan (Aerofood ACS SUB) dengan identifikasi potensi bahaya dan penerapan Critical Control Point (CCP). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 1) Pengamatan Critical Control Point (CCP) yang dilakukan di receiving (CCP 1), chiller dan freezer (Storage) (CCP 2), cooking (CCP 3), blast chilling (CCP 4), portioning (CCP 5). 2) Pengambilan sampel Mikrobiologi yang terdiri dari sampel raw material secara random disetiap kedatangan, sampel hand swab secara random di area produksi dan operasional, sampel equipment swab juga diambil sesuai random, sampel Dry good diambil secara random di storage, sampel ice cube secara random, sampel Water tab diambil sesuai sampel. Perusahan telah membuat perencanaan HACCP sebagai panduan untuk semua proses yang akan berlangsung didalam perusahaan. Semua disusun berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip HACCP untuk keseluruhan proses. Penerapan critical control point terdapat di 5 tempat yaitu receiving, storage, cooking, blast chilling dan portioning. Disetiap titik kritis ini, suhu kritis standart adalah berbeda beda. Bahan yang tidak memenuhi standard ditolak untuk diproses selanjutnya. Dalam hal bahaya mikrobiologi dilakukan pengecekkan melalui uji sampel pada bahan makanan, makanan ready to eat, dry good, uji udara, hand swab, peralatan produksi, air dan ice cube. Pelaksanaan masing-masing pengujian sampel sudah ditetapkan oleh PT. Aerofood ACS Surabaya berdasarkan prosedur standar. Jika hasil pengecekkan tidak memenuhi standart maka dilakukan perbaikan penanganan atau pengubahan alur prosedur handling. Kata kunci: HACCP, CCP, Batas Kritis, management system

scholarly journals Boric Acid And Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) On Kerupuk To Improve The Indonesian`S Traditional Foods Safety

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Dewi Moelyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Traditional Foods ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
The Government

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 06, JUNE 2019 Abstract: Diseases can be caused by consumption of contaminated food such as toxicant. Kerupuk are one of the traditional foods produced by some of the traditional industries in Jember. The objective of this study was to identify the content of borix acid and analyze hazards and determine the critical control points on tofu crackers. This could raise the traditional food safety for consumers. This study was a descriptive study conducted by interview and observation. Boric acid testing was carried out on five samples of kerupuk. Instrument sheets referred to the SNI CAC RCP1-2011. The results indicated that 100% of the samples contained boric acid. The selection of materials, slicing, drying and distribution were the control points while mixing and kneading, steaming, frying and packaging were the critical control point. Boric acid is still used on tofu kerupuk; therefore, the government should immediately provide information and training on sustainable traditional food industry to reduce the incidence of illness and food poisoning in traditional food.

Hazard Analyses of Foods Prepared by Inhabitants Along the Peruvian Amazon River

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
SILVIA MICHANIE ◽  
FRANK L. BRYAN ◽  
NELLY MENDOZA FERNÁNDEZ ◽  
MAGDA MOSCOSO VIZCARRA ◽  
DORA TABOADA P. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Holding Period ◽  
Critical Control Points

Hazard analyses of food preparation practices were conducted in two households in Indiana (a settlement along the Peruvian Amazon River), in a household in a cluster of about a half dozen houses up river, and in three households in Belen (a district near Iquitos), Peru. These analyses consisted of watching all steps of the operation, recording temperatures throughout all these steps, and collecting samples of food and testing them for common foodborne pathogens and indicator organisms. Foods prepared included rice, plantains, yuca, dry fish, fresh fish, beef, and chicken. During cooking, foods attained temperatures of at least 93.3°C; they usually boiled. Such time-temperature exposure would kill vegetative forms of foodborne pathogenic bacteria, but not heat-resistant spores. When cooked foods were leftover, they were kept either on tables or on the unheated stoves or grills on which they were cooked. During this interval, at the prevailing ambient temperature and high humidity of the jungle region, conditions were such that considerable microbial growth could occur. Time of exposure, however, limited counts to the 105–106 level. In the evening, foods were only mildly reheated, if reheated at all, so temperatures were not attained in the center regions of the food that would have killed microorganisms that had multiplied during the holding period. Hence, the primary critical control point is holding between cooking and serving, but cooking and reheating are critical control points also.

Critical Control Points for Monitoring Salmonellae Reduction in Thai Commercial Frozen Broiler Processing

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1480-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUMONTHA VADHANASIN ◽  
AROON BANGTRAKULNONTH ◽  
THANED CHIDKRAU
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Point ◽  
The United States ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Critical Limit ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Critical Control Points

Since 1998, pathogen reduction regulations for poultry have been enforced through the Food Safety and Inspection Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and through hazard analysis critical control point evaluation. This enforcement has focused attention on pathogen control and sanitation in the United States and in other countries, including Thailand. The objective of this study was to evaluate reduction in salmonellae achieved by Thai commercial exporters of frozen broiler chickens. A total of 188 broiler samples and 56 water overflows from two chillers were collected from nine processing lines of frozen broiler exporters at four identified critical control points (CCPs): CCP1, washing; CCP2, chilling; CCP3, deboning; and CCP4, packing. Samples were screened for salmonellae by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and bacterial identification was confirmed through biochemical and serological patterns. The overall prevalence of Salmonella was 24.6% (60 of 244 samples), with 12 serovars identified. Salmonella Albany was predominant (33.3%, 20 of 60 samples). Salmonella prevalence was 20.0% (6 of 30 samples) prior to CCP1 and was 12.5% (4 of 32), 22.7% (15 of 66), 33.3% (10 of 30), and 23.3% (7 of 30) after CCP1, CCP2, CCP3, and CCP4, respectively. The critical limit was 20% positive samples, and three CCPs failed to meet standards. Three corrective interventions were used at CCP2: 30 mg/liter hydrogen peroxide, 0.5% peracetic acid, and 125 mg/liter ozone. After these interventions, 65 broiler samples were collected for analysis of Salmonella prevalence. Results were compared with those obtained after chlorine was applied individually as a control. The Salmonella prevalences after intervention treatments were 16.0% (4 of 25), 5.0% (1 of 20), and 15.0% (3 of 20) after hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, and ozone treatments, respectively. All values were below the 20% critical limit, and the application of 0.5% peracetic acid produced significantly lower prevalences (P < 0.05). Repeated sampling after 1 to 4 months indicated that sanitation at these three plants was inconsistent (P < 0.05).

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