Antibacterial Nature of Molds Isolated from Aged Beef

1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 699-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. CAMPANO ◽  
A. W. KOTULA ◽  
D. M. KINSMAN
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Meat Spoilage ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
Meat Samples

The antibacterial and competitive nature of the molds Thamnidium elegans, Mucor mucedo and Chaetostylum fresenii, commonly isolated from beef aging at refrigeration temperature for extended periods, were examined to determine if their presence on meat would inhibit bacterial growth. An agar plate method revealed no growth inhibition of six strains of meat spoilage bacteria by the molds examined. Eye round (semitendinosus) roasts were inoculated with spore suspensions containing nine strains of the three fungal species and incubated for 48 h at 4 or 18°C. Initial aerobic bacterial counts (35°C) on the meat samples were 2.4 × 104 CFU/cm2. Mold treatment had no significant effect (P>0.05) on reduction of aerobic bacterial counts (35 and 7°C), coliforms or fecal streptococci when compared with uninoculated controls. No surface fungal growth was evident after 48 h at 4°C, the normal storage temperature for meat, whereas appreciable mycelial development was apparent after 48 h at 18°C. T. elegans, M. mucedo and C. fresenii were not capable of reducing or controlling bacterial growth on meat surfaces at refrigeration or elevated temperatures.

Evaluation of Bacterial and Fungal Growth Media for Ability to Neutralize Cosmetic Preservatives

1980 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1200-1204
Author(s):  
Allan M Littell ◽  
Michael J Palmieri ◽  
Neil B Bisciello
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Plate Counts

Abstract Standard methods agar (SMA) and letheen agar (essentially SMA plus lecithin and Tween 80) were compared for bacterial growth and ability to neutralize cosmetic preservatives. Potato dextrose and malt extract agars (each prepared with and without lecithin and Tween 80) were compared with letheen agar and SMA in similar studies with fungi. Twelve bacterial strains, representing 8 species, and 2 fungal species were used as inocula. Plate counts of bacterial cultures (no preservatives present) ranged from 0 to 50% higher on letheen agar than on SMA except for 3 strains of Staphylococcus, which were 8-29% lower. Fungal counts were about the same on all media. Cosmetics (10 g) representing 4 preservative systems (hexachlorophene, benzoin, formaldehyde, and parabens) were inoculated with diluted cultures. Counts at 10−1 and 10−2 dilutions were typically 10-200% higher on letheen agar; however, in one case (benzoin, S. aureus, 10−1) the count was 400 on SMA vs 20 000 on letheen agar. Although differences in fungal counts were not as great, letheen agar partially neutralized the preservatives’ action. Results show that product dilution does not sufficiently reduce the effects of preservative carryover and neutralizers should be incorporated into plating media for this purpose.

MYCOBIOTA ISOLATION AND AFLATOXIN B1 CONTAMINATION IN FRESH AND STORED SESAME SEEDS FROM RAINFED AND IRRIGATED ZONES OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARYAM AJMAL ◽  
Abida Akram ◽  
Nafeesa Qudsia Hanif ◽  
Tariq Mukhtar ◽  
Muhammad Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Agar Plate ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Sesame Seed ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Sesame Seeds ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Mean Concentration

Study was carried out to evaluate the incidence of mycobiota and contamination of AFB 1  in sesame seeds from rainfed and irrigated zones of the Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose, 100 sesame seed samples were collected directly from the fields of major sesame-producing areas of the rainfed and irrigated zone. Samples were subjected to the Agar Plate Method for the isolation of mycobiota and thin-layer chromatography for AFB 1 contaminations. Then, seed samples were stored for 12 months. After 12 months, the seeds were again analyzed for mycobiota and AFB 1 contaminations for comparison. The result of the present study revealed that all samples were reported positive for fungal growth in fresh and stored conditions. Twenty-one fungal species belonging to ten different fungal genera were isolated. Aspergillus flavus was the leading contaminant found in fresh and stored sesame seeds from rainfed and irrigated zone followed by A. niger, Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum . Least reported fungi were Aspergillus ochraceus and Cladosporium oxysporum.  AFB 1 analysis revealed that 92% fresh and 99% stored samples were contaminated with AFB 1 . In the rainfed zone, 88% fresh and 100% stored samples were contaminated with AFB 1 with a mean concentration of 15.74ppb and 33.8ppb, respectively. Similarly, in the irrigated zone, 96% fresh and 98% stored samples were contaminated with AFB 1 with a mean concentration of 20.5ppb and 27.56ppb, respectively. 20% fresh and 100% stored samples from rainfed zone and 28% fresh and 60% stored samples from irrigated zone were tainted with AFB 1 levels above 20 ppb, not fit for human consumption as per maximum limit (20ppb) assigned by FDA and FAO. This is the first-ever report of mycobiota and AFB 1 contamination in sesame seeds from rainfed and irrigated zones of the Punjab, Pakistan. This baseline data will be considered as an initial step to tackle this significant problem.

A High Potential in Activating Beneficial Indigenous Microbes Involving in the Meat Fermentation Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Duongruitai Nicomrat ◽  
Siriphatr Chamutpong
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Sugar Utilization ◽  
Meat Spoilage ◽  
Beneficial Microorganisms ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
Meat Fermentation ◽  
Favorable Conditions

It has been long known for the beneficial activity of meat LAB starters in prevention of the growth of spoilage bacteria. However, the bacteria can also produce favorable conditions for the growth of other beneficial microorganisms as well as eliminate the risk of bacterial growth and prevent meat spoilage. In this study, the LAB starters after isolated from commercial fermented pork were inoculated into the meat in the traditional meat fermentation process. It showed that the bacteria could be lowering pH of the fermentation to 5.2. The results revealed that LAB starters could inhibit pathogenic bacterial growth of L. monocytogenes within 3 days as well as lowering pH thus inducing the numbers of LAB as higher activity of sugar utilization and producing lactic acid. Therefore, all these data can indicate the benefits of LAB on the indigenous beneficial species in meat fermentation process.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF HOOVERING ACTIVITIES ON BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINANTS AND PARTICULATE MATTER LEVELS IN MAIN PRAYER HALLS OF MALAYSIAN MOSQUES

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-142
Author(s):  
Nor Azam Ramli ◽  
Nur Baitul Izati Rasli ◽  
Mohd Rodzi Ismail ◽  
Syabiha Shith ◽  
Noor Faizah Fitri Md Yusof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Ventilation Strategies ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

In Malaysia, carpets are commonly used as finishing flooring material in the main prayer hall of mosques. In cleaning carpets, hoovering has been the most popular method, but it directly triggers the uplifting of dust that may contain bacteria and fungi. Hoovering activities and ventilation strategies (air conditioning split units (ACSUs) or by active ventilation (non-ACSUs)) can affect the prevalence of bacterial and fungal growth. This study aimed to establish the total bacterial counts, total fungal counts and also PM10 concentrations under different ventilation strategies (ACSUs and non-ACSUs) in the main prayer halls of mosques. Identification of bacterial and fungal species also took place in this study. Sampling was performed in 25 mosque buildings (17 ACSUs and 8 non-ACSUs) with carpeted flooring on Zohor-Asar and Friday-Asar prayer sessions at Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Results revealed that the total bacterial counts, total fungal counts and mean PM10 concentrations were higher in mosques with ACSUs than in mosques with non-ACSUs at concentrations ranging from 166cfu/m3 to 660 cfu/m3, from 118 cfu/m3 to 660 cfu/m3 and from 11.15 ± 9.32 µg/m3 to 49.30 ± 13.13 µg/m3, respectively. The total bacterial counts exceeded the acceptable guideline limit by the Industrial Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality (ICOP), but the total fungal counts and PM10 concentrations did not. In some mosques, the total bacterial and fungal counts did not decrease even after hoovering activities were completed. The dominant types of bacteria found in the mosque buildings were Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp. and Micrococci spp., whilst the dominant fungal species was Aspergillus niger. Although the findings were not alarming, care should be taken by mosques authorities especially while and after hoovering, to ensure that, the indoor air quality in mosques are being maintained within the permissible limit to protect worshippers from being exposed to bacterial and fungal.

scholarly journals Post-translational regulation of autophagy is involved in intra-microbiome suppression of fungal pathogens

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Chaoyun Xu ◽  
Qiming Sun ◽  
Jinrong Xu ◽  
Yunrong Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Translational Regulation ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Autophagy Induction ◽  
Histone Acetyltransferase Gcn5 ◽  
Plant Microbiota ◽  
Autophagic Process

Abstract Background Microbiome interactions are important determinants for ecosystem functioning, stability, and health. In previous studies, it was often observed that bacteria suppress potentially pathogenic fungal species that are part of the same plant microbiota; however, the underlying microbe-microbe interplay remains mostly elusive. Here, we explored antagonistic interactions of the fungus Fusarium graminearum and bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus at the molecular level. Both are ubiquitous members of the healthy wheat microbiota; under dysbiosis, the fungus causes devastating diseases. Results In co-cultures, we found that Streptomyces alters the fungal acetylome leading to substantial induction of fungal autophagy. The bacterium secrets rapamycin to inactivate the target of rapamycin (TOR), which subsequently promotes the degradation of the fungal histone acetyltransferase Gcn5 through the 26S proteasome. Gcn5 negatively regulates fungal autophagy by acetylating the autophagy-related protein Atg8 at the lysine site K13 and blocking cellular relocalization of Atg8. Thus, degradation of Gcn5 triggered by rapamycin was found to reduce Atg8 acetylation, resulting in autophagy induction in F. graminearum. Conclusions Autophagy homeostasis plays an essential role in fungal growth and competition, as well as for virulence. Our work reveals a novel post-translational regulation of autophagy initiated by a bacterial antibiotic. Rapamycin was shown to be a powerful modulator of bacteria–fungi interactions with potential importance in explaining microbial homeostasis in healthy plant microbiomes. The autophagic process provides novel possibilities and targets to biologically control pathogens.

scholarly journals Improved strategies to efficiently isolate thermophilic, thermotolerant, and heat-resistant fungi from compost and soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-339
Author(s):  
Frederick Witfeld ◽  
Dominik Begerow ◽  
Marco Alexandre Guerreiro
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Heat Shock Treatment ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Culture Dependent ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThermophilic, thermotolerant and heat-resistant fungi developed different physiological traits, enabling them to sustain or even flourish under elevated temperatures, which are life-hostile for most other eukaryotes. With the growing demand of heat-stable molecules in biotechnology and industry, the awareness of heat-adapted fungi as a promising source of respective enzymes and biomolecules is still increasing. The aim of this study was to test two different strategies for the efficient isolation and identification of distinctly heat-adapted fungi from easily accessible substrates and locations. Eight compost piles and ten soil sites were sampled in combination with different culture-dependent approaches to describe suitable strategies for the isolation and selection of thermophilous fungi. Additionally, an approach with a heat-shock treatment, but without elevated temperature incubation led to the isolation of heat-resistant mesophilic species. The cultures were identified based on morphology, DNA barcodes, and microsatellite fingerprinting. In total, 191 obtained isolates were assigned to 31 fungal species, from which half are truly thermophilic or thermotolerant, while the other half are heat-resistant fungi. A numerous amount of heat-adapted fungi was isolated from both compost and soil samples, indicating the suitability of the used approaches and that the richness and availability of those organisms in such environments are substantially high.

scholarly journals Double Gamers—Can Modified Natural Regulators of Higher Plants Act as Antagonists against Phytopathogens? The Case of Jasmonic Acid Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8681
Author(s):  
Nicolò Orsoni ◽  
Francesca Degola ◽  
Luca Nerva ◽  
Franco Bisceglie ◽  
Giorgio Spadola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Horticultural Crops

As key players in biotic stress response of plants, jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives cover a specific and prominent role in pathogens-mediated signaling and hence are promising candidates for a sustainable management of phytopathogenic fungi. Recently, JA directed antimicrobial effects on plant pathogens has been suggested, supporting the theory of oxylipins as double gamers in plant-pathogen interaction. Based on these premises, six derivatives (dihydrojasmone and cis-jasmone, two thiosemicarbazonic derivatives and their corresponding complexes with copper) have been evaluated against 13 fungal species affecting various economically important herbaceous and woody crops, such as cereals, grapes and horticultural crops: Phaeoacremonium minimum, Neofusicoccum parvum, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Fomitiporia mediterranea, Fusarium poae, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae,F. sporotrichioides, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizoctonia solani,Sclerotinia spp. and Verticillium dahliae. The biological activity of these compounds was assessed in terms of growth inhibition and, for the two mycotoxigenic species A. flavus and F. sporotrichioides, also in terms of toxin containment. As expected, the inhibitory effect of molecules greatly varied amongst both genera and species; cis-jasmone thiosemicarbazone in particular has shown the wider range of effectiveness. However, our results show that thiosemicarbazones derivatives are more effective than the parent ketones in limiting fungal growth and mycotoxins production, supporting possible applications for the control of pathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Modelling Fungal Growth, Mycotoxin Production and Release in Grana Cheese

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Camardo Leggieri ◽  
Amedeo Pietri ◽  
Paola Battilani
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Models ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Cyclopiazonic Acid ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Ecology ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Mycotoxin Production ◽  
Roquefortine C ◽  
Grana Cheese

No information is available in the literature about the influence of temperature (T) on Penicillium and Aspergillus spp. growth and mycotoxin production on cheese rinds. The aim of this work was to: (i) study fungal ecology on cheese in terms of T requirements, focusing on the partitioning of mycotoxins between the rind and mycelium; and (ii) validate predictive models previously developed by in vitro trials. Grana cheese rind blocks were inoculated with A. versicolor, P. crustosum, P. nordicum, P. roqueforti, and P. verrucosum, incubated at different T regimes (10–30 °C, step 5 °C) and after 14 days the production of mycotoxins (ochratoxin A (OTA); sterigmatocystin (STC); roquefortine C (ROQ-C), mycophenolic acid (MPA), Pr toxin (PR-Tox), citrinin (CIT), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA)) was quantified. All the fungi grew optimally around 15–25 °C and produced the expected mycotoxins (except MPA, Pr-Tox, and CIT). The majority of the mycotoxins produced remained in the mycelium (~90%) in three out of five fungal species (P. crustosum, P. nordicum, and P. roqueforti); the opposite occurred for A. versicolor and P. verrucosum with 71% and 58% of STC and OTA detected in cheese rind, respectively. Available predictive models fitted fungal growth on the cheese rind well, but validation was not possible for mycotoxins because they were produced in a very narrow T range.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the anti-mycotic activity of Rosemary Oil Against Candida al-bicans

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1228-1232
Author(s):  
Shebi S ◽  
Geetha RV ◽  
Lakshmi Thangavelu Lakshmi Thangavelu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Rosemary Oil ◽  
Athlete’S Foot ◽  
Systemic Infections ◽  
Sterile Filter

An antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycoses such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis, serious systemic infections such as Cryptococcal meningitis, and others. In traditional medicine, extracts and essential oil from flowers and leaves are used in the belief they may be useful to treat a variety of fungal disorders. The aim of this study was to analyse the antimycotic properties of rosemary oil and its principal components. The Rosemary oil was screened for antifungal activity by the disc diffusion method. Activated cultures of Candida albicans in Sabouraud’s broth was adjusted to 0.5 McFarland standards [108cfu/ml]. 100 µl of the inoculum was introduced to molten Sabourauds dextrose agar and poured in the sterile Petri plates and allowed to set. Sterile filter paper discs (6.0 mm diameter) impregnated with 25µl, 50µl and 100µl /disc were placed on fungal seeded plates and incubated at 28oC for 48 hrs. Clear zones within which fungal growth was absent were measured and recorded as the diameter (mm) of complete growth inhibition. All the concentrations of the test solution inhibited the fungal species with varying degree of sensitivity. The extract showed good antifungal activity at different concentrations with a maximum zone of inhibition of 38 mm at concentration 100µl. This study provides a sample large enough to determine the antifungal properties of Rosemary oil and suggests further studies for possible therapeutic use.

scholarly journals Epidemiology, Clinical Profile and Treatment Outcomes of Bacterial and Fungal Keratitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabila Mabrouk ◽  
Mohamed Abdelkader ◽  
Mohamed Abdelhakeem ◽  
Khaled Mourad ◽  
Ahmed Abdelghany
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Fungal Keratitis ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Clinical Series ◽  
Vegetative Matter ◽  
Department Faculty

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of the study is to determine the microbiological aetiology, epidemiological factors, and clinical profile and treatment outcomes of infective keratitis in Ophthalmology department, Minia University. EgyptMethods:Prospective, non-randomized, observational clinical series of cases, including 150 patients with mean age 30 (range 12 to 85 years), 90 patients (60 %) were males and 60 (40%) were females, clinically diagnosed as infective corneal ulcer, attending the Ophthalmology Department – Faculty of Medicine. Minia University, Minia, Egypt. From 2018 to 2020.Detailed history taking and all clinical findings were collected. Corneal scrapings were obtained from patients and subjected to staining and culture for bacterial and fungal pathogens; Bacterial and fungal growth were identified by standard laboratory procedures.Results:Corneal trauma by a vegetative matter was the commesnest risk factor associated with infective keratitis in 92 cases (61.3%). Smear and Culture was positive in 83 cases (58.4%) of 142 corneal scrapings obtained, of which 60 cases were fungal (72.3%), 21 cases were bacterial (25.3%) and 2 cases were mixed bacterial and fungal (2.4%), Aspergillus species was the commonest fungal species isolated in fungal keratitis. 142 cases (94.67 %) healed completely with scar. Only 6 cases (4%) required evisceration due to aggressive presentation from the start and keratoplasty was performed for 2 cases (1.33%).Conclusions:Fungal keratitis was the commonest type in cases attending to our department. Adequate diagnosis, management and follow up helped in achieving high successful curative outcomes. Clinical Trials.gov ID: NCT04894630. Time of registration 1 December 2018

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