Immunological Evaluation of Pasteurized, Deaerated Human Milk

1990 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 975-977
Author(s):  
MICHAEL T. MUSGROVE ◽  
MARK A. HARRISON ◽  
RONALD R. EITENMILLER
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Immunological Evaluation ◽  
Storage Temperatures

Retention of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgA specific for enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) was determined in human milk that was processed and stored under refrigeration or frozen conditions. Human milk was subjected to three different processing conditions: (a) deaerated, vacuum packaged in metalized polyester bags and pasteurized (64°C for 6 min, 10 s); (b) vacuum packaged and pasteurized; (c) vacuum packaged. Samples were stored at 4°C for 7 d and at −20°C for 28 d. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies to EPEC was developed and used to monitor these antibody levels, while radial immunodiffusion (RID) plates were used to provide information on total IgA of the milk samples. In addition, the dissolved oxygen content of the samples was monitored. It was found that pasteurization and deaeration did not adversely affect the IgA levels, and levels of total IgA and IgA specific for EPEC remained stable or increased slightly during storage in most samples regardless of the storage temperatures.

scholarly journals The Levels of SARS-CoV-2 Specific Antibodies in Human Milk Following Vaccination

2021 ◽  
pp. 089033442110271
Author(s):  
Hannah G. Juncker ◽  
Sien J. Mulleners ◽  
Marit J. van Gils ◽  
Christianne J. M. de Groot ◽  
Dasja Pajkrt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines are being administered around the world; however, lactating women were excluded from SARS-CoV-2 vaccine trials. Therefore, knowledge about the effect of vaccination in this specific group is limited. This information is essential to empower lactating women to make a well-informed decision on their choice for vaccination. After natural infection, SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies are present in human milk, which might offer protection for her newborn. The dynamics of these antibodies in human milk following vaccination remain to be elucidated. Research Aim To determine the effect of vaccination with BNT162b2 on the levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA in human milk. Methods In this prospective longitudinal study, we included lactating women who received the BNT162b2 vaccine. Human milk samples were collected prior to vaccination and 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 days after both vaccine doses. Samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Results In total, 366 human milk samples from 26 lactating women were analyzed. A biphasic response was observed, with SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) starting to increase between day 5 and 7 after the first dose of the vaccine. After the second dose, an accelerated IgA antibody response was observed. Conclusion After vaccination with the mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine, a SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody response was observed in human milk. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA after vaccination is important as antibodies are transferred via human milk, and thereby might provide protection to infants against COVID-19.

Identification of secretory immunoglobulin A antibody targets from human milk in cultured cells infected with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC)

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Gavilanes-Parra ◽  
Guillermo Mendoza-Hernández ◽  
María E. Chávez-Berrocal ◽  
Jorge A. Girón ◽  
Gabriel Orozco-Hoyuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin

scholarly journals Human Milk Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 089033442110301
Author(s):  
Hannah G. Juncker ◽  
M. Romijn ◽  
Veerle N. Loth ◽  
Tom G. Caniels ◽  
Christianne J.M. de Groot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Milk Antibodies ◽  
Over Time

Background: Human milk contains antibodies against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) following Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). These antibodies may serve as protection against COVID-19 in infants. However, the evolution of these human milk antibodies over time is unclear. Research Aim: To elucidate the evolution of immunoglobulin A (IgA) against SARS-CoV-2 in human milk after a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This longitudinal follow-up study included lactating mothers ( N = 24) who had participated in the COVID MILK study. To assess the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, serum and human milk samples were collected 14–143 days after the onset of clinical symptoms related to COVID-19. Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay was used to detect antibodies against the ectodomain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Results: SARS-CoV-2 antibodies remain present up to 5 months (143 days) in human milk after onset of COVID-19 symptoms. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 IgA in human milk seems to gradually decrease over time. Conclusion: Human milk from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent lactating mothers contains specific IgA antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein up to at least 5 months post-infection. Passive viral immunity can be transferred via human milk and may serve as protection for infants against COVID-19. Dutch Trial Register on May 1st, 2020, number: NL 8575, URL: https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/8575 .

Secretory Anti-Giardia lamblia Antibodies in Human Milk: Protective Effect Against Diarrhea

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Juan N. Walterspiel ◽  
Ardythe L. Morrow ◽  
Larry K. Pickering ◽  
Guillermo M. Ruiz-Palacios ◽  
M. Lourdes Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Giardia Infection ◽  
Maternal Milk ◽  
Milk Samples

Objective. To determine whether anti-Giardia lamblia secretory IgA (sIgA) antibodies in human milk protect infants from acquisition of or symptoms associated with Giardia infection. Methods. One hundred ninety-seven Mexican mother/infant pairs were followed weekly from birth for diarrheal disease and feeding status. Infant stool specimens were collected weekly and were cultured for bacterial pathogens and tested for Giardia and rotavirus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Maternal milk samples were collected weekly for 1 month postpartum and monthly thereafter. To determine the protective effect of anti-Giardia sIgA in milk against infection and against diarrhea due to Giardia, milk samples from mothers of infected infants and appropriately matched controls were assayed for anti-Giardia sIgA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. Asymptomatic, infected infants ingested significantly (P = .046) higher amounts of milk anti-Giardia sIgA compared with symptomatic, infected infants. However, milk anti-Giardia sIgA concentrations did not differ between Giardia-infected and noninfected infants. Conclusion. The amount of anti-Giardia sIgA in human milk was associated with prevention of symptoms of diarrhea due to Giardia, but not with acquisition of the organism.

scholarly journals Fab-Independent Antiadhesion Effects of Secretory Immunoglobulin A on S-Fimbriated Escherichia coli Are Mediated by Sialyloligosaccharides

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 3971-3973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horst Schroten ◽  
Christoph Stapper ◽  
Ricarda Plogmann ◽  
Henrik Köhler ◽  
Jörg Hacker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin A ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Human Epithelial Cells ◽  
Early Human ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin

ABSTRACT S-fimbriated Escherichia coli strains cause sepsis and meningitis in newborns and are known to recognize the carbohydrate sequence sialyl-(α2-3)-galactoside. We show that adhesion of cloned S-fimbriated E. coli to human epithelial cells is inhibited Fab independently by sialyloligosaccharides on secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA). This indicates an anti-infective function of s-IgA (Fc), particularly in early human milk.

scholarly journals Comparative Safety and Immunogenicity of Two Attenuated Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Vaccine Strains in Healthy Adults

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 994-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin McKenzie ◽  
A. Louis Bourgeois ◽  
Fayette Engstrom ◽  
Eric Hall ◽  
H. Sunny Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Colonization Factor

ABSTRACTA vaccine against enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) is needed to prevent diarrheal illness among children in developing countries and at-risk travelers. Two live attenuated ETEC strains, PTL002 and PTL003, which express the ETEC colonization factor CFA/II, were evaluated for safety and immunogenicity. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 19 subjects ingested one dose, and 21 subjects ingested two doses (days 0 and 10) of PTL-002 or PTL-003 at 2 × 109CFU/dose. Anti-CFA/II mucosal immune responses were determined from the number of antibody-secreting cells (ASC) in blood measured by enzyme-linked immunospot assay, the antibody in lymphocyte supernatants (ALS) measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and fecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels determined by ELISA. Time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) ELISA was more sensitive than standard colorimetric ELISA for measuring serum antibody responses to CFA/II and its components, CS1 and CS3. Both constructs were well tolerated. Mild diarrhea occurred after 2 of 31 doses (6%) of PTL-003. PTL-003 produced more sustained intestinal colonization than PTL-002 and better IgA response rates: 90% versus 55% (P= 0.01) for anti-CFA/II IgA-ASCs, 55% versus 30% (P= 0.11) for serum anti-CS1 IgA by TRF, and 65% versus 25% (P= 0.03) for serum anti-CS3 IgA by TRF. Serum IgG response rates to CS1 or CS3 were 55% in PTL-003 recipients and 15% in PTL-002 recipients (P = 0.02). Two doses of either strain were not significantly more immunogenic than one. Based on its superior immunogenicity, which was comparable to that of a virulent ETEC strain and other ETEC vaccine candidates, PTL-003 will be developed further as a component of a live, oral attenuated ETEC vaccine.

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