Secretory Anti-Giardia lamblia Antibodies in Human Milk: Protective Effect Against Diarrhea

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Juan N. Walterspiel ◽  
Ardythe L. Morrow ◽  
Larry K. Pickering ◽  
Guillermo M. Ruiz-Palacios ◽  
M. Lourdes Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Giardia Infection ◽  
Maternal Milk ◽  
Milk Samples

Objective. To determine whether anti-Giardia lamblia secretory IgA (sIgA) antibodies in human milk protect infants from acquisition of or symptoms associated with Giardia infection. Methods. One hundred ninety-seven Mexican mother/infant pairs were followed weekly from birth for diarrheal disease and feeding status. Infant stool specimens were collected weekly and were cultured for bacterial pathogens and tested for Giardia and rotavirus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Maternal milk samples were collected weekly for 1 month postpartum and monthly thereafter. To determine the protective effect of anti-Giardia sIgA in milk against infection and against diarrhea due to Giardia, milk samples from mothers of infected infants and appropriately matched controls were assayed for anti-Giardia sIgA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. Asymptomatic, infected infants ingested significantly (P = .046) higher amounts of milk anti-Giardia sIgA compared with symptomatic, infected infants. However, milk anti-Giardia sIgA concentrations did not differ between Giardia-infected and noninfected infants. Conclusion. The amount of anti-Giardia sIgA in human milk was associated with prevention of symptoms of diarrhea due to Giardia, but not with acquisition of the organism.

scholarly journals Detection of cross-reactive IgA against SARS-CoV-2 spike 1 subunit in saliva

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Tsukinoki ◽  
Tatsuo Yamamoto ◽  
Keisuke Handa ◽  
Mariko Iwamiya ◽  
Juri Saruta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces

AbstractAbundant secretory IgA (sIgA) in mucus, breast milk, and saliva provides immunity that prevents infection of mucosal surfaces. sIgA in pre-pandemic breast milk samples have been reported to cross-react with SARS-CoV-2, but whether it also occurs in saliva and, if so, whether it cross-reacts with SARS-CoV-2, has remained unknown. We aimed to clarify whether sIgA in saliva cross-reacts with SARS-CoV-2 spike 1 subunit in individuals who have not been infected with this virus. The study included 137 (male, n = 101; female, n = 36; mean age, 38.7 [24–65] years) of dentists and doctors in the Kanagawa Dental University Hospital. Saliva and blood samples were analyzed by PCR and immunochromatography for IgG and IgM, respectively. We then identified patients with saliva samples that were confirmed as PCR- and IgM-negative for COVID-19. Proportions of SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive IgA-positive individuals were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a biotin-labeled spike S1-mFc recombinant protein covering the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2. The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive IgA-positive individuals was 46.7%, and this correlated negatively with age (r = −0.218, p = 0.01). The proportion of IgA-positive individuals ≥ 50 y was significantly lower than that of patients aged ≤ 49 y (p = 0.008). sIgA was purified from the saliva of all patients, and the salivary sIgA was found to suppress the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to the ACE-2 receptor. We found SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive sIgA in the saliva of some participants who had never been infected with the virus, suggesting that sIgA helps prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of Campylobacter coli, C. jejuni, and Salmonella enterica on Poultry Carcasses by Using PCR-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 3492-3499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Hong ◽  
Mark E. Berrang ◽  
Tongrui Liu ◽  
Charles L. Hofacre ◽  
Susan Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Serological Tests

ABSTRACT Contamination of retail poultry by Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella enterica is a significant source of human diarrheal disease. Isolation and identification of these microorganisms require a series of biochemical and serological tests. In this study, Campylobacter ceuE and Salmonella invA genes were used to design probes in PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as an alternative to conventional bacteriological methodology, for the rapid detection of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and S. enterica from poultry samples. With PCR-ELISA (40 cycles), the detection limits for Salmonella and Campylobacter were 2 � 102 and 4 � 101 CFU/ml, respectively. ELISA increased the sensitivity of the conventional PCR method by 100- to 1,000-fold. DNA was extracted from carcass rinses and tetrathionate enrichments and used in PCR-ELISA for the detection of Campylobacter and S. enterica, respectively. With PCR-ELISA, Salmonella was detected in 20 of 120 (17%) chicken carcass rinses examined, without the inclusion of an enrichment step. Significant correlation was observed between PCR-ELISA and cultural methods (kappa = 0.83; chi-square test, P < 0.001) with only one false negative (1.67%) and four false positives (6.67%) when PCR-ELISA was used to screen 60 tetrathionate enrichment cultures for Salmonella. With PCR-ELISA, we observed a positive correlation between the ELISA absorbance (optical density at 405 nm) and the campylobacter cell number in carcass rinse, as determined by standard culture methods. Overall, PCR-ELISA is a rapid and cost-effective approach for the detection and enumeration of Salmonella and Campylobacter bacteria on poultry.

Simultaneous pasteurization and homogenization of human milk by combining heat and ultrasound: effect on milk quality

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Czank ◽  
Karen Simmer ◽  
Peter E Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Laser Scattering ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Donor Human Milk ◽  
Preservation Technique ◽  
Ultrasound Effect

The combination of ultrasound and heat (thermoultrasound) is an emerging food preservation technique that retains higher quantities of bioactive components compared with current thermal pasteurization practice, but has not yet been assessed for pasteurizing human milk. Artificially contaminated human milk samples were treated with ultrasound (20 kHz, 150 watts) with and without heating. The retention of four human milk proteins was quantified by biochemical assay and laser scattering particle sizing was used to determine the extent of homogenization. While ultrasonic treatment was effective at inactivating Escherichia coli (D4 °C=5·94 min), Staphylococcus epidermidis exhibited resistance (D4 °C=16·01 min). Thermoultrasonic treatment was considerably more effective (Esch. coli D45 °C=1·74 min, D50 °C=0·89 min; Staph. epidermidis D45 °C=2·08 min, D50 °C=0·94 minutes) with a predicted retention (2·8 min treatment, 50°C) of secretory IgA lysozyme, lactoferrin and bile salt stimulated lipase of 91, 80, 77, and 45%, respectively. Homogenization of the milk samples occurred after 5 min and 2 min of ultrasonic and thermoultrasonic treatment, respectively. Thermoultrasonic treatment is an effective method for pasteurizing donor human milk and retaining a greater proportion of bioactive components compared with current practices. However, further studies are required to assess the practicality of applying this technique routinely to donor human milk.

Chemical synthesis of GDP-fucose analogs and their utilization by the Lewis *A(1 → 4) fucosyltransferase

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1063-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uday B. Gokhale ◽  
Ole Hindsgaul ◽  
Monica M. Palcic
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Spectrophotometric Assay ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Elisa Assay ◽  
Oligosaccharide Synthesis ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Nucleotide Analog

Chemical syntheses are reported for GDP-fucose (5), GDP-3-deoxy-fucose (6), and GDP-arabinose (7), the demethyl analog of 5. All three sugar nucleotides were found to act as donor substrates for an α(1 → 4) fucosyltransferase isolated from human milk when *BDGal(1 → 3)*BDGlcNAc-O(CH2)8COOMe (1) was used as the acceptor. The rate of transfer of sugar residues to 1 was measured using a coupled spectrophotometric assay and was found to be 100% (5), 2.3% (6), and 5.9% (7). The product Lea-active oligosaccharide analogs were identified by both an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Keywords: glycosyltransferase, oligosaccharide synthesis, sugar-nucleotide analog, ELISA assay, fucosyltransferase.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Giardia lamblia antigen in stool.

1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
D G Addiss ◽  
H M Mathews ◽  
J M Stewart ◽  
S P Wahlquist ◽  
R M Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Detection of Zearalenone By Tandem Immunoaffinity-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Its Application to Milk

1990 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 577-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUAN I. AZCONA ◽  
MOHAMED M. ABOUZIED ◽  
JAMES J. PESTKA
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Specific Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Initial Sample ◽  
Average Recovery ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Direct Elisa ◽  
Commercial Milk

A hybridoma-based method utilizing tandem affinity chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was devised to detect zearalenone. A zearalenone specific monoclonal antibody was attached to Sepharose for initial sample clean-up. Zearalenone was eluted with methanol and then quantified by competitive direct ELISA. Average ELISA recoveries from the column for water spiked with zearalenone at levels of 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 ng/ml were 107, 86, 95, 95, and 92%, respectively, with a mean recovery of 95%. Mean interwell and interassay coefficients of variation were 9.7 and 8.9%, respectively. Average recovery by the method from milk spiked with zearalenone at levels of 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 ng/ml was 187, 113, 107, 110, and 112%, respectively, with a mean recovery of 126%. Mean interwell and interassay coefficients of variation were 14.5 and 9.1%, respectively. Zearalenone was not detectable in 12 commercial milk samples assayed by the tandem method.

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