Exopolysaccharides Produced by Probiotic Strains Modify the Adhesion of Probiotics and Enteropathogens to Human Intestinal Mucus

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are exocellular polymers present in the surface of many bacteria, including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. The genome sequence of several strains revealed the presence of EPS-encoding genes. However, the physiological role that EPSs play in the bacterial ecology still remains uncertain. In this study, we have assessed the effect of EPSs produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium longum NB667, and Bifidobacterium animalis IPLA-R1 on the adhesion of probiotic and enteropathogen strains to human intestinal mucus. The EPS fraction GG had no significant effect on the adhesion of L. rhamnosus GG and B. animalis IPLA-R1. However, the EPS fractions NB667 and IPLA-R1 significantly reduced the adherence of both probiotic strains. In contrast, the three EPS fractions increased the adhesion of Enterobacter sakazakii ATCC 29544 and Escherichia coli NCTC 8603. Higher adherence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 29631 and Clostridium difficile ATCC 9689 was detected in the presence of the EPS fractions GG and NB667. In general, these effects were obtained at EPS concentrations of up to 5 mg/ml, and they were EPS dose dependent. The competitive exclusion of probiotics in the presence of EPS could suggest the involvement of these biopolymers in the adhesion to mucus. The increase in the adherence of enteropathogens could be explained if components of the pathogen surface are able to bind to specific EPSs and the bound EPSs are able to adhere to mucus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work reporting the effect of EPSs from probiotics on bacterial adhesion properties.

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Adhesion Properties and Competitive Pathogen Exclusion Ability of Bifidobacteria with Acquired Acid Resistance

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-69.7.1675 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 69 (7) ◽

pp. 1675-1679 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

M. CARMEN COLLADO ◽

MIGUEL GUEIMONDE ◽

YOLANDA SANZ ◽

SEPPO SALMINEN

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽

Bifidobacterium Longum ◽

Acquired Resistance ◽

Acid Resistance ◽

Original Strain ◽

Enterobacter Sakazakii ◽

Adhesion Properties ◽

Intestinal Mucus ◽

Serovar Typhimurium ◽

Resistant Strains

The adhesion properties of Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium catenulatum strains with an acquired resistance to acid and their ability to competitively exclude Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterobacter sakazakii, and Clostridium difficile from adhering to human intestinal mucus were evaluated and compared with the results when the same experiments were run with the original acid-sensitive strains. In half of the four studied cases, the acid-resistant derivative showed a greater ability to adhere to human intestinal mucus than the original strain. The ability of bifidobacteria to inhibit pathogen adhesion to mucus was not generally improved by the acquisition of acid resistance. In contrast, three of the four acid-resistant strains showed a greater ability to displace preadhered pathogens than the original strains, especially preadhered Salmonella Typhimurium and C. difficile. Overall, the induction of acid resistance in bifidobacteria could be a strategy when selecting strains with enhanced stability and improved surface properties that favor their potential functionality as probiotics against specific pathogens.

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Manufacturing process influences properties of probiotic bacteria

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114510004496 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 105 (6) ◽

pp. 887-894 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Łukasz Grześkowiak ◽

Erika Isolauri ◽

Seppo Salminen ◽

Miguel Gueimonde

Keyword(s):

Human Subjects ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Clinical Intervention ◽

Probiotic Strain ◽

Adhesion Properties ◽

Influence Model ◽

Intestinal Mucus ◽

Probiotic Strains ◽

Micro Organisms

Production and manufacturing methods and the food carrier may influence the properties of probiotic strains, and have an impact on the outcome of clinical intervention studies. The aim of the present study was to establish whether the properties of a specific probiotic strain,Lactobacillus rhamnosusGG, may differ depending on the product and source of the strain. In total, fifteen differentL. rhamnosusisolates, among them fourteen labelled asL.rhamnosusGG, were isolated from specific probiotic products. The micro-organisms were phenotypically and genotypically characterised. Their adhesion properties were compared using the human intestinal mucus model, and the ability of the isolates to influence model pathogen adhesion to human colonic mucus was assessed. AllL. rhamnosusisolates used were confirmed as members of the speciesL. rhamnosus. Except the reference strain OL, allL.rhamnosusisolates showed randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles identical to that ofL. rhamnosusGG (ATCC 53103). AllL.rhamnosusisolates showed similar tolerance to acid and were able to bind to human colonic mucus. However, pathogen exclusion by inhibition and competition varied significantly among the differentL. rhamnosusisolates and pathogens tested. The results suggest that different sources of the same probiotic may have significantly altered strain properties. This should be considered inin vivostudies on human subjects and also for quality control of probiotic products.

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pH-, Lactic Acid-, and Non-Lactic Acid-Dependent Activities of Probiotic Lactobacilli against Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.71.10.6008-6013.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 71 (10) ◽

pp. 6008-6013 ◽

Cited By ~ 156

Author(s):

Domitille Fayol-Messaoudi ◽

Cédric N. Berger ◽

Marie-Hélène Coconnier-Polter ◽

Vanessa Liévin-Le Moal ◽

Alain L. Servin

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Growth Phase ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Stationary Growth Phase ◽

Exponential Growth Phase ◽

Killing Activity ◽

Serovar Typhimurium ◽

Probiotic Strains ◽

Probiotic Lactobacilli

ABSTRACT The mechanism(s) underlying the antibacterial activity of probiotic Lactobacillus strains appears to be multifactorial and includes lowering of the pH and the production of lactic acid and of antibacterial compounds, including bacteriocins and nonbacteriocin, non-lactic acid molecules. Addition of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's minimum essential medium to the incubating medium delays the killing activity of lactic acid. We found that the probiotic strains Lactobacillus johnsonii La1, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus casei Shirota YIT9029, L. casei DN-114 001, and L. rhamnosus GR1 induced a dramatic decrease in the viability of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 mainly attributable to non-lactic acid molecule(s) present in the cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS). These molecules were more active against serovar Typhimurium SL1344 in the exponential growth phase than in the stationary growth phase. We also showed that the production of the non-lactic acid substance(s) responsible for the killing activity was dependent on growth temperature and that both unstable and stable substances with killing activity were present in the CFCSs. We found that the complete inhibition of serovar Typhimurium SL1344 growth results from a pH-lowering effect.

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Effects of Bile Salt Deconjugation by Probiotic Strains on the Survival of Antibiotic-Resistant Foodborne Pathogens under Simulated Gastric Conditions

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-456 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 75 (6) ◽

pp. 1090-1098 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

XINLONG HE ◽

YUNYUN ZOU ◽

YOUNGJAE CHO ◽

JUHEE AHN

Keyword(s):

Bile Acid ◽

Bile Acids ◽

Foodborne Pathogens ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

High Performance ◽

Bifidobacterium Longum ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Study Results ◽

Probiotic Strains

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of bile acid deconjugation by probiotic strains on the antibiotic susceptibility of antibiotic-sensitive and multiple antibiotic–resistant Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. Eight probiotic strains, Bifidobacterium longum B6, Lactobacillus acidophilus ADH, Lactobacillus brevis KACC 10553, Lactobacillus casei KACC 12413, Lactobacillus paracasei ATCC 25598, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Leuconostoc mesenteroides KACC 12312, and Pediococcus acidilactici KACC 12307, were used to examine bile acid tolerance. The ability to deconjugate bile acids was evaluated using both thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out to determine the synergistic inhibitory activity of deconjugated bile acids. L. acidophilus, L. brevis, and P. acidilactici showed the most tolerance to the conjugated bile acids. P. acidilactici deconjugated glycocholic acid and glycodeoxycholate from 3.18 and 3.09 mM to the detection limits, respectively. The antibiotic susceptibility of selected foodborne pathogens was increased by increasing the concentration of deconjugated bile acids. The study results are useful for understanding the relationship between bile acid deconjugation by probiotic strains and antibiotic susceptibility in the presence of deconjugated bile acids, and they may be useful for designing new probiotic-antibiotic combination therapy based on bile acid deconjugation.

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