Synergistic Antifungal Activity of Sodium Hypochlorite, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Cupric Sulfate against Penicillium digitatum

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1660-1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCIANA CERIONI ◽  
VIVIANA ANDREA RAPISARDA ◽  
MIRNA HILAL ◽  
FERNANDO EDUARDO PRADO ◽  
LUISA RODRÍGUEZ-MONTELONGO
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Sequential Treatment ◽  
Cupric Sulfate ◽  
In Vitro Treatment

Oxidizing compounds such as sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are widely used in food sanitization because of their antimicrobial effects. We applied these compounds and metals to analyze their antifungal activity against Penicillium digitatum, the causal agent of citrus green mold. The MICs were 300 ppm for NaClO and 300 mM for H2O2 when these compounds were individually applied for 2 min to conidia suspensions. To minimize the concentration of these compounds, we developed and standardized a sequential treatment for conidia that resulted in loss of viability on growth plates and loss of infectivity on lemons. The in vitro treatment consists of preincubation with 10 ppm of NaClO followed by incubation with 100 mM H2O2 and 6 mM CuSO4 (cupric sulfate). The combination of NaClO and H2O2 in the presence of CuSO4 produces a synergistic effect (fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.36). The sequential treatment applied in situ on lemon peel 24 h after the fruit was inoculated with conidia produced a significant delay in the fungal infection. The in vitro treatment was effective on both imazalil-sensitive and imazalil-resistant strains of P. digitatum and Geotrichum candidum, the causal agent of citrus sour rot. However, this treatment inhibited 90% of mycelial growth for Penicillium italicum (citrus blue mold). These results indicate that sequential treatment may be useful for postharvest control of citrus fruit diseases.

scholarly journals Developing Penicillium digitatum Management Strategies on Post-Harvest Citrus Fruits with Metabolic Components and Colonization of Bacillus subtilis L1-21

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Yongmei Li ◽  
Mengyuan Xia ◽  
Pengbo He ◽  
Qiaoming Yang ◽  
Yixin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Post Harvest

Citrus is among the most important plants in the fruit industry severely infected with pathogens. Citrus green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum is one of the most devastating diseases during post-harvest stages of citrus fruit. In this study, a potential endophyte Bacillus subtilis L1-21, isolated from healthy citrus plants, was assessed for its biocontrol activity against the pathogen P. digitatum. Based on an in vitro crosstalk assay, we suggested that B. subtilis L1-21 inhibits the pathogen with an inhibition zone of 3.51 ± 0.08 cm. Biocontrol efficacy was highest for the fermented culture filtrate of B. subtilis L1-21. Additionally, using GC-MS analysis, 13 compounds were detected in the extract of this endophyte. The culture filtrate in Landy medium could enlarge and deform pathogen spores and prevent them from developing into normal mycelium. Accordingly, the Landy culture filtrate of B. subtilis L1-21 was stable in the temperature range of 4–90 °C and pH of 3–11. Further, MALDI-TOF-MS for B. subtilis L1-21 detected surfactin, fengycin, bacillaene and bacilysin as potential antifungal compounds. GFP-tagged B. subtilis L1-21 easily colonized in citrus fruit peel and pulp, suggesting its role in eliminating the fungal pathogen. Altogether, it is highly expected that the production of antifungal compounds, and the colonization potential of B. subtilis L1-21 are required against the post-harvest P. digitatum pathogen on citrus fruit.

Evaluation of a Sporicidal Peracetic Acid/Hydrogen Peroxide–Based Daily Disinfectant Cleaner

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1414-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Deshpande ◽  
Thriveen S. C. Mana ◽  
Jennifer L. Cadnum ◽  
Annette C. Jencson ◽  
Brett Sitzlar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Infect Control Hosp ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

OxyCide Daily Disinfectant Cleaner, a novel peracetic acid/hydrogen peroxide–based sporicidal disinfectant, was as effective as sodium hypochlorite for in vitro killing of Clostridium difficile spores, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and vancomcyin-resistant enterococci. OxyCide was minimally affected by organic load and was effective in reducing pathogen contamination in isolation roomsInfect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(11):1414–1416

scholarly journals A Novel Secreted Cysteine-Rich Anionic (Sca) Protein from the Citrus Postharvest Pathogen Penicillium digitatum Enhances Virulence and Modulates the Activity of the Antifungal Protein B (AfpB)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Sandra Garrigues ◽  
Jose F. Marcos ◽  
Paloma Manzanares ◽  
Mónica Gandía
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Antifungal Protein ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Antifungal Proteins ◽  
Ascomycete Fungi ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Antifungal proteins (AFPs) from ascomycete fungi could help the development of antimycotics. However, little is known about their biological role or functional interactions with other fungal biomolecules. We previously reported that AfpB from the postharvest pathogen Penicillium digitatum cannot be detected in the parental fungus yet is abundantly produced biotechnologically. While aiming to detect AfpB, we identified a conserved and novel small Secreted Cysteine-rich Anionic (Sca) protein, encoded by the gene PDIG_23520 from P. digitatum CECT 20796. The sca gene is expressed during culture and early during citrus fruit infection. Both null mutant (Δsca) and Sca overproducer (Scaop) strains show no phenotypic differences from the wild type. Sca is not antimicrobial but potentiates P. digitatum growth when added in high amounts and enhances the in vitro antifungal activity of AfpB. The Scaop strain shows increased incidence of infection in citrus fruit, similar to the addition of purified Sca to the wild-type inoculum. Sca compensates and overcomes the protective effect of AfpB and the antifungal protein PeAfpA from the apple pathogen Penicillium expansum in fruit inoculations. Our study shows that Sca is a novel protein that enhances the growth and virulence of its parental fungus and modulates the activity of AFPs.

Evaluation of topical therapies for the treatment of dermatophyte-infected hairs from dogs and cats

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
N White-Weithers ◽  
L Medleau
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution

Seven commonly used, topical antifungal products (i.e., lime sulfur, chlorhexidine, captan, povidone-iodine, sodium hypochlorite, and enilconazole solutions, and ketoconazole shampoo) were evaluated for their antifungal activity on Microsporum canis-infected hairs from dogs and cats in an in vitro study. Hairs were soaked or shampooed in each product for five minutes twice a week for four weeks. Of the seven products used in this study, lime sulfur and enilconazole solutions were superior in inhibiting fungal growth; no growth occurred on fungal cultures after two treatments with either product. Chlorhexidine and povidone iodine solutions were effective after four treatments, and sodium hypochlorite solution and ketoconazole shampoo inhibited fungal growth after eight treatments. Captan did not inhibit fungal growth during the test period.

scholarly journals Potential of some bacteria for biological control of postharvest citrus green mould caused by Penicillium digitatum

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 134-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadi Parisa ◽  
Tozlu Elif ◽  
Kotan Recep ◽  
Kotan Merve Şenol
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Agrobacterium Radiobacter ◽  
Green Mould

Ten bacteria isolate (4 Bacillus subtilis, 2 Bacillus pumilus, 2 Bacillus cereus, 1 Bacillus megaterium, and 1 Agrobacterium radiobacter) were tested in vitro for antagonistic properties against Penicillium digitatum, the causal agent of citrus green mould. The effect of these bacteria was also observed on mycelial growth, spore germination, and spore production of the pathogenic fungus in broth culture. Extracellular enzyme activities of the bacteria were determined. According to the results of in vitro antagonistic tests and enzymes activities, the most promising bacteria were Bacillus subtilis and Agrobacterium radiobacter. These bacteria were tested for disease suppression on lemon fruits. In addition, these bacterial isolates also showed remarkable antifungal activity against the pathogen on lemon fruits. The results of this study showed that Bacillus subtilis and Agrobacterium radiobacter showed remarkable antifungal activity against the pathogen. Chitinase and glucanase enzyme activity of all the tested bacteria was positive. Protease enzyme activity was positive in all tested bacteria with the exception of Agrobacterium radiobacter. In addition, all bacteria inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination (except Agrobacterium radiobacter) of the fungus. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Agrobacterium radiobacter inhibited spore production in broth culture. Bacillus subtilis and Agrobacterium radiobacter were tested on lemon fruits significantly reduced disease severity. Consequently, these isolates can be used as new biocontrol agents in controlling the post-harvest decay of citrus fruits caused by Penicillium digitatum.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Biocides on the Viable Masses and Matrices of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 3135-3142 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Toté ◽  
T. Horemans ◽  
D. Vanden Berghe ◽  
L. Maes ◽  
P. Cos
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
European Guidelines ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Antibiofilm Agents

ABSTRACT Bacteria and matrix are essential for the development of biofilms, and assays should therefore target both components. The current European guidelines for biocidal efficacy testing are not adequate for sessile microorganisms; hence, alternative discriminatory test protocols should be used. The activities of a broad range of biocides on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms were evaluated using such in vitro assays. Nearly all selected biocides showed a significant decrease in S. aureus biofilm viability, with sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid as the most active biocides. Only hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite showed some inhibitory effect on the matrix. Treatment of P. aeruginosa biofilms was roughly comparable to that of S. aureus biofilms. Peracetic acid was the most active on viable mass within 1 min of contact. Isopropanol ensured a greater than 99.999% reduction of P. aeruginosa viability after at least 30 min of contact. Comparable to results with S. aureus, sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide markedly reduced the P. aeruginosa matrix. This study clearly demonstrated that despite their aspecific mechanisms of action, most biocides were active only against biofilm bacteria, leaving the matrix undisturbed. Only hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite were active on both the biofilm matrix and the viable mass, making them the better antibiofilm agents. In addition, this study emphasizes the need for updated and standardized guidelines for biofilm susceptibility testing of biocides.

Hydrogen peroxide contracts human airways in vitro: role of epithelium

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (3) ◽  
pp. L332-L338 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Rabe ◽  
G. Dent ◽  
H. Magnussen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Contractile Effect ◽  
Effect Curve ◽  
Human Airways ◽  
In Vitro Treatment ◽  
H2o2 Pretreatment

The effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on human airway smooth muscle tone were determined in vitro. Treatment with H2O2 led to transient concentration-related contractions in the organ bath, amounting to 118 +/- 14 mg (mean +/- SE; n = 12) at 1 mM H2O2, and to greater and more prolonged contractions under superfusion conditions, amounting to 451 +/- 71 mg (n = 17) at 1 mM H2O2. Epithelial removal augmented the response to H2O2 in both systems. Addition of catalase (500 U/ml) abolished the effects of H2O2. Pretreatment of superfused tissues with indomethacin (3 microM) shifted the concentration-effect curve to H2O2 rightward and almost abolished the response to 1 mM H2O2 in epithelium-intact preparations (n = 16; P < 0.05); the response in epithelium-denuded tissues was also significantly inhibited (n = 16; P < 0.05). Pretreatment of the tissues with the TP prostanoid-receptor antagonist GR-32191B (1 microM) also inhibited the contractile effect of H2O2 in epithelium-intact and -denuded tissues. In separate experiments, H2O2 resulted in concentration-related generation of prostaglandin (PG) D2 from isolated airway preparations. The amount of PGD2 released was not different in tissues with intact epithelium compared with those without (n = 9; NS). We conclude that H2O2 exerts on isolated human airways a contractile effect that is augmented by epithelium removal and is largely mediated by prostanoids. The source of PGD2 does not appear to be the epithelium, which we suggest serves mainly as a barrier against H2O2-mediated bronchoconstriction.

Comparison of the Efficacy of a Hydrogen Peroxide Dry-Mist Disinfection System and Sodium Hypochlorite Solution for Eradication of Clostridium difficile Spores

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Barbut ◽  
D. Menuet ◽  
M. Verachten ◽  
E. Girou
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
In Situ Experiments

Objective.To compare a hydrogen peroxide dry-mist system and a 0.5% hypochlorite solution with respect to their ability to disinfect Clostridium difficile-contaminated surfaces in vitro and in situ.Design.Prospective, randomized, before-after trial.Setting.Two French hospitals affected by C. difficile.Intervention.In situ efficacy of disinfectants was assessed in rooms that had housed patients with C. difficile infection. A prospective study was performed at 2 hospitals that involved randomization of disinfection processes. When a patient with C. difficile infection was discharged, environmental contamination in the patient's room was evaluated before and after disinfection. Environmental surfaces were sampled for C. difficile by use of moistened swabs; swab samples were cultured on selective plates and in broth. Both disinfectants were tested in vitro with a spore-carrier test; in this test, 2 types of material, vinyl polychloride (representative of the room's floor) and laminate (representative of the room's furniture), were experimentally contaminated with spores from 3 C. difficile strains, including the epidemic clone ribotype 027-North American pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type 1.Results.There were 748 surface samples collected (360 from rooms treated with hydrogen peroxide and 388 from rooms treated with hypochlorite). Before disinfection, 46 (24%) of 194 samples obtained in the rooms randomized to hypochlorite treatment and 34 (19%) of 180 samples obtained in the rooms randomized to hydrogen peroxide treatment showed environmental contamination. After disinfection, 23 (12%) of 194 samples from hypochlorite-treated rooms and 4 (2%) of 180 samples from hydrogen peroxide treated rooms showed environmental contamination, a decrease in contamination of 50% after hypochlorite decontamination and 91% after hydrogen peroxide decontamination (P < .005). The in vitro activity of 0.5% hypochlorite was time dependent. The mean (±SD) reduction in initial log10 bacterial count was 4.32 ± 0.35 log10 colony-forming units after 10 minutes of exposure to hypochlorite and 4.18 ± 0.8 logl0 colony-forming units after 1 cycle of hydrogen peroxide decontamination.Conclusion.In situ experiments indicate that the hydrogen peroxide dry-mist disinfection system is significantly more effective than 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution at eradicating С difficile spores and might represent a new alternative for disinfecting the rooms of patients with C. difficile infection.

scholarly journals Disinfection of Dental Unit Water Line Using Aloe Vera: In Vitro Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Pareek ◽  
Anup Nagaraj ◽  
Prateek Sharma ◽  
Mansi Atri ◽  
Satinder Walia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Dental Unit Waterlines

Context. Dental unit waterlines may be heavily contaminated with microorganisms and are a potential source of infection for both practicing staff and immunocompromised patients particularly. Contamination of dental unit water lines could be inhibited with the use of disinfectants. The present study investigates the effect of aloe-vera-based disinfectant in reducing the microbial growth in dental unit water lines (DUWLs).Aims. To compare the efficacy of aloe vera, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in controlling microbial contamination of DUWLs.Materials and Methods. After obtaining baseline water samples, the dental unit waterlines were treated with aloe vera, 10% hydrogen peroxide, and 5% sodium hypochlorite. Each of the three disinfectants was used in increasing concentrations and their inhibiting effect was compared. Water samples were analyzed for microbiological quality by the total viable count (TVC) method.Statistical Analysis Used. SPSS 16.Results. There was significant reduction in mean CFU/ml when treated with disinfectants each for a period of one week. Aloe-vera solution was found to be the most effective in reducing the microbial colonies.Conclusions. Improving the water quality from dental unit water lines is of considerable importance; chemical-based disinfectants can be replaced with herbal disinfectants for treating microbial contamination in dental unit waterlines.

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