Monitoring Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables at Two of the Biggest Fresh Produce Markets in Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 1938-1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
MBULAHENI T. MUTENGWE ◽  
LIZYBEN CHIDAMBA ◽  
LISE KORSTEN
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residue ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Pesticide Monitoring ◽  
Chemical Residues ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels ◽  
Residue Levels

ABSTRACTIn most countries, fresh produce sold at local markets is usually not analyzed for agricultural chemical residues as export products are, which raises concerns about the perceived safety levels of local food supplies in contrast with exported products. The aim of this study was to determine pesticide residue levels in fruits and vegetables sold at two of the biggest fresh produce markets in Africa. A total of 199 fruit and vegetable samples were collected between 2012 and 2014 and analyzed for 74 pesticides commonly used in the horticultural sector. Of the samples analyzed, 91% were compliant with set maximum residue levels (MRLs). The remaining samples either contained unregistered chemicals (8%) or exceeded set MRL values (1%). Products containing more than one pesticide residue constituted 4.02% of all samples tested. Imazalil and iprodione were found to be the most frequently detected pesticides (12 samples each). Boscalid, endosulfan, profenofos, and procymidone were associated with the most noncompliance, including exceeding MRL values or being unregistered for the specific crop. The establishment of a national pesticide monitoring program is essential for the country and would ensure that pesticides are used in accordance with good agricultural practices.

Pesticide Residue Monitoring on South African Fresh Produce Exported over a 6-Year Period

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1759-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. MUTENGWE ◽  
L. CHIDAMBA ◽  
L. KORSTEN
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Pesticide Residue ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Pesticide Monitoring ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels

ABSTRACT Six years of pesticide residue data from fresh produce destined for the export market were analyzed for the period 2009 to 2014. A total of 37,838 fruit (99.27%) and vegetable (0.73%) data sets analyzed for the presence of 73 pesticides were compared. Pesticides were detected on 56.46% of samples, of which 0.78% had multiple residues. Noncompliances detected were because of the use of unregistered pesticides (0.73%), values that exceeded established maximum residue levels (MRLs) (0.32%), or the combination of values that exceeded MRLs and the use of unregistered pesticide residues (0.003%). The most commonly detected pesticides that exceeded established MRLs were imazalil (37.71%), prochloraz (28.69%), and iprodione (5.74%). The unregistered pesticide most often found on grapes and avocados was also imazalil (62.23%) and, on nectarines and avocados, diphenylamine (11.15%). Exceedances of MRL values were mostly associated with oranges (43.44%), avocados (27.87%), grapefruits (7.38%), and lemons (6.56%). Residual pesticide monitoring on fruits and vegetables is a key tool to ensure conformity with regulatory requirements and compliance with good agricultural practices and the trade requirements set by the importing country.

Monitoring Pesticide Residues in Olive Products: Organophosphorus Insecticides in Olives and Oil

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1096-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaido Lentza-Rizos
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Organophosphorus Insecticides ◽  
Olive Fruit ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Method ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract A simple and efficient gas-liquid chromatographic method was used to screen and quantitate residues of azinphos ethyl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, di-methoate, fenthion, fenthion sulfoxide, methi-dathion, parathion ethyl, and parathion methyl in olive fruit and olive oil. Most olive fruit samples analyzed during 1991-1992 either contained no detectable residues of the insecticides or contained low concentrations of fenthion, dimethoate, and chlorpyrifos. One sample contained fenthion sulfoxide at a level exceeding FAO/WHO Codex Ali-mentarius maximum residue levels (MRL) for total fenthion. Commercially packed oil samples either contained no detectable residues of the insecticides or contained low concentrations of fenthion, fenthion sulfoxide, and chlorpyrifos. More than half of the virgin oil samples collected from individual growers contained no detectable residues. The others contained mostly fenthion and its sulfoxide metabolite. Of the samples analyzed, 13% exceeded Codex MRL for total fenthion residues. These samples were from a monitoring program targeted at produce most likely to contain residues. Refining procedures seem to act as a decontamination technique for oil containing fenthion residues.

scholarly journals Use of Dietary Exposure Estimates for Harmonization

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 430-435
Author(s):  
Suzanne C. Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Safety Standard ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
Realistic Possibility ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels ◽  
Residue Levels

Trade problems arise when different maximum residue levels (MRLs) are established for the same compound. This is often interpreted as a difference in the safety evaluation of the residues of the drug. These differences may also result from different agricultural or veterinary practices, different analytes in the monitoring program, or other factors unrelated to the safety assessment. Thus, an important question for deciding the acceptability of an MRL should be whether use of the MRL will result in residues above a country's established acceptable daily intake (ADI). The ADI, rather than the MRL, is the safety standard for the compound because is defined as the amount of residue that can be ingested daily over a consumer's lifetime without appreciable health risk. It is possible to predict whether there is a realistic possibility that uses of a particular MRL will result in a dietary intake that exceeds the ADI. MRLs should be considered “equivalent” for purposes of trade and consumer safety if use of the MRL does not result in residues above a country's ADI.

ANALYSIS OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN SOLID AND LIQUID FOODS BY PULSED UV PHOTOLYSIS/PIXE/XRF

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. LAGUNAS-SOLAR ◽  
C. PINA ◽  
R. G. FLOCCHINI ◽  
C. SOLIS ◽  
A. MIRELES
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Liquid Foods

A new analytical method based upon the combination of Pulsed UV (PUV) photolysis and detection of elements via X-ray fluorescence (PIXE and XRF) techniques has been developed and shown capable of rapid and reproducible trace element analyses with increased sensitivity in solid and liquid foods. Pulsed UV-induced photolysis allows for a rapid, acid-free digestion of food samples. Thin or thick samples are then prepared for analyses with X-Ray Fluorescence methods (PIXE and XRF). The combined method was optimized for analysis of Co , Cr , Cu , Fe , Pb , Tl , Bi and Zn , and validated with NIST food standards. The analytical sensitivity of the PUV/PIXE/XRF method allows the study of selected sections of fruits and vegetables, a database useful in determining the uptake, transport mechanisms, and the distribution of trace elements in fresh produce. When applied to edible parts, the analytical results shall also provide valuable information to ascertain potential human health risks due to the presence and bioaccumulation of toxic elements in foods. Practical applications include field studies for analyses of fresh produce as well as for evaluating environmental impact derived from current agricultural practices. Chemical profiling of agricultural crops and soils for improved management and increased productivity using the precision agriculture approach is also being explored.

scholarly journals Pesticide Residues in Selected Food Commodities: Results from the Danish National Pesticide Monitoring Program 1995-1996

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
René K Juhler ◽  
Milter Green Lauridsen ◽  
Mette Rindom Christensen ◽  
Gudrun Hilbert
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Chlorinated Pesticides ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Pesticide Monitoring ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Meat Samples

Abstract The paper presents results of analyses of 4182 samples collected from January 1995 to December 1996 for the Danish National Pesticide Monitoring Program. The program basis is a random sample control supplemented with a target control. The objectives of the control are to monitor consumer exposure to health hazards and to enforce national and European Community regulations. The Danish Veterinary and Food Administration is responsible for establishing methods, data manipulation, and evaluation, but actual analyses are performed at 4 regional laboratories. In addition to a description of the Danish National Pesticide Monitoring Program on food, the effects of lowering the reporting limits are discussed. Pesticides included are those in current use as well as chlorinated pesticides like lindane, DDT, and HCB, occurring in food now primarily as a result of environmental contamination. Commodities analyzed are fruits, vegetables, cereals, bran, fish, and animal products such as meat, butter, cheese, fat, and eggs. In fruits and vegetables, residues were detected in 10% of 2515 samples, with higher incidences of detection for foreign commodities. Violation rate was 0.6%. In food of animal origin, low levels of organo- chlorine pesticides were detected in most fish samples and in more than half of the animal product samples. However, no results exceeding maximum residue limits were found. No residues of organo- phosphorus pesticides were detected in the 231 meat samples analyzed.

scholarly journals Quantitative analysis of fresh tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) for trace of pesticide residues from markets in Peshawar, Pakistan, using High Performance Thin Liquid Chromatography technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 708-714
Author(s):  
Syeda Kokab Shah ◽  
Syeda Faryal Israr ◽  
Asif Khan Khatak ◽  
Abeer Kazmi ◽  
Amir Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Efficient Approach ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels ◽  
Residue Levels

Background: Vegetables and fruits are vital constituents of human diet, as it provides necessary minerals and nutrients to human body to carry out biological reactions and provide protection against various diseases and injuries. Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) is consider as cash crop in Asian countries and are fine source of vitamin C, potassium, folate, vitamin K, and other bioactive compounds including, phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, and alkaloids. Similar to other crops, tomato quality and yield is also affected by pests. Globally, approximately 37.8% of tomato yield is spoiled due to pests. To maintain the vegetable quality and attain more yield, pest management approaches are applied, though extensive use of toxic pesticides are becoming a part of our food chain and causing adverse effects. Methodology: The present research is intended to evaluate the levels of toxic pesticides in different tomato varieties collected from four vegetable markets (Hayatabad Phase 1, Chargano Chowk, Kohat Road and Tarnab farm) in Peshawar, Pakistan. After collection of tomato samples, level of pesticide residues (Cyhalothrin, Cypermethrin, Chlorpyrifos, Bifenthrin, and Imidacloprid) were detected using high performance thin liquid Chromatography (HPTLC). Results: After detection, level of pesticides in sample was compared with Maximum residue levels (MRLs). The magnitude of pesticides in samples was lesser to the Maximum residue levels (MRLs) provided by United State Drug Agency (USDA), though the quantity of Lambda Cyhalothrin present in the sample was almost equal to MRL (0.097 mg/kg). Conclusion: HPTLC is an efficient approach to detect pesticide traces in fruits and vegetables. Research work should be focused on it, to identify and control farmer practices which are highly linked to pesticide contamination in tomatoes and use of biopesticides should be encouraged. The cultivation of transgenic tomatoes can also be an efficient approach to elude the utilization of toxic pesticides.

Food and Drug Administration Pesticide Residue Monitoring of Foods: 1983-1986

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-280
Author(s):  
Norma J Yess ◽  
Marcia G Houston ◽  
Ellis L Gunderson
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residue ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Diet Study ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Abstract Pesticide residues In foods are reported for the 4-year period 1982-1986 [fiscal years (FY) 83-86]. Results were summarized from the 2 complementary approaches that make up the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) pesticide residue monitoring program. Under regulatory monitoring, which focuses on residues in raw agricultural commodities, a total of 49 055 samples (27 700 domestic and 21 355 import) that Included fresh fruits and vegetables, grains and grain products, milk and dairy products, seafoods, and a variety of processed foods were analyzed. No residues were found In 60 and 48% of the domestic and Import samples, respectively, compared with 55 and 44% in FY78-82. About 3% of the domestic and 5% of the import samples were violative. In FY78-82, about 3 and 7% were violative, respectively. The other FDA monitoring approach, the Total Diet Study, was revised in April 1982 to expand coverage of age/sex groups, use updated diets, and provide for analysis of individual foods. Results from monitoring under this modified approach and from regulatory monitoring continued to demonstrate that pesticide residues In the U.S. food supply were well below regulatory limits, and dietary Intakes were many times lower than the Acceptable Daily Intakes established by international agencies

scholarly journals Homogeneity of Fruits and Vegetables Comminuted in a Vertical Cutter Mixer

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 976-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J V Young ◽  
Charles H Parfitt ◽  
Richard F Newell ◽  
Terry D Spittler
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residue ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Test Portion ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The homogeneity of comminuted composites of 20 lb samples of apples, cabbage, and green beans containing field-incurred residues of p,p′-methoxychlor was studied to determine whether a 5 min comminution in a 40 qt vertical cutter mixer produces a homogeneous composite and whether the size of test portions used accurately represents the composite. Duplicate test portions of 100,50,25, 10,5, and 2 g taken from each of 6 separate sections of the mixer were analyzed by standard pesticide residue methodology for p,p′-methoxychlor. Results of this study confirmed that comminution of fresh produce in a 40 qt vertical cutter mixer, according to instructions described in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Pesticide Analytical Manual, Volume 1, section 203B, produces a homogeneous composite. No significant differences were found in the data for the 3 crops taken from the 6 sections of the mixer. Test portion weights of 100, 50, and 25 g produced equivalent results for all 3 crops. Statistically significant differences were observed for cabbage at 2,5, and 10 g and for green beans at 2 g.

scholarly journals Assessment of pesticide residue levels among locally produced fruits and vegetables in Monze district, Zambia

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mildred Mwanja ◽  
Choolwe Jacobs ◽  
Allan Rabson Mbewe ◽  
Nosiku Sipilanyambe Munyinda
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residue ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Residue Levels
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