scholarly journals High khat dose and long-term exposure impairs spermatogenesis: experimental study using rabbit model

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 156-167
Author(s):  
A. Nyongesa ◽  
N. Patel ◽  
E. Wango ◽  
D. Onyango
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Testicular Morphology

Abstract Introduction: This study investigated short- and long-term effects of khat (Catha edulis) on hypophyseal, epididymal and testicular morphology, body weight and temperature changes and haematological parameters of rabbits. Materials and Methods: Twenty five male New Zealand White rabbits, divided into five groups were used. First four groups were administered, via intra-gastric tube, 1.5, 4.5, 13.5 and 40.5 g/kg body weight respectively of khat extract thrice a week for 8 weeks while controls received normal saline. Short-term and long-term effects were evaluated for hypophyseal, epididymal and testicular morphology, body temperature as well as body weight changes, food consumption and haematological parameters. Data on haematological parameters, body weight changes, body temperature and food consumption was done using one-way ANOVA at 95% confidence interval using SPSS version 12.0. Results: There was vacuolation in spermatogonia and spermatocytes at high doses while epididymides and hypophyses were unaffected. A significant decrease (P<0.05) in body weight of treatment groups correlated with reduced food intake with increasing doses and chronicity of exposure. Packed cell volume, red blood cell count and haemoglobin concentration decreased while white blood cell count increased with increasing doses. Conclusion: Khat extract had direct effects on spermatogenesis compounded by poor body weight gain, hyperthermia and blood volume loss.

scholarly journals Modifications in food-group consumption are related to long-term body-weight changes

2004 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicky Drapeau ◽  
Jean-Pierre Després ◽  
Claude Bouchard ◽  
Lucie Allard ◽  
Guy Fournier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes

scholarly journals Cardiometabolic Health in Relation to Lifestyle and Body Weight Changes 3–8 Years Earlier

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa Van Elten ◽  
Mireille. Van Poppel ◽  
Reinoud Gemke ◽  
Henk Groen ◽  
Annemieke Hoek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Infertile Women

The degree to which individuals change their lifestyle in response to interventions differs and this variation could affect cardiometabolic health. We examined if changes in dietary intake, physical activity and weight of obese infertile women during the first six months of the LIFEstyle trial were associated with cardiometabolic health 3–8 years later (N = 50–78). Lifestyle was assessed using questionnaires and weight was measured at baseline, 3 and 6 months after randomization. BMI, blood pressure, body composition, pulse wave velocity, glycemic parameters and lipid profile were assessed 3–8 years after randomization. Decreases in savory and sweet snack intake were associated with lower HOMA-IR 3–8 years later, but these associations disappeared after adjustment for current lifestyle. No other associations between changes in lifestyle or body weight during the first six months after randomization with cardiovascular health 3–8 years later were observed. In conclusion, reductions in snack intake were associated with reduced insulin resistance 3–8 years later, but adjustment for current lifestyle reduced these associations. This indicates that changing lifestyle is an important first step, but maintaining this change is needed for improving cardiometabolic health in the long-term.

Physiological genetics of dietary restriction: uncoupling the body temperature and body weight responses

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (4) ◽  
pp. R1522-R1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad A. Rikke ◽  
Thomas E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Strain Variation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Difficult Challenge

Numerous physiological and molecular changes accompany dietary restriction (DR), which has been a major impediment to elucidating the causal basis underlying DR's many health benefits. Two major metabolic responses to DR that potentially underlie many of these changes are the body temperature ( Tb) and body weight (BW) responses. These responses also represent an especially difficult challenge to uncouple during DR. We demonstrate in this study, using two recombinant inbred (RI) panels of mice (the LXS and LSXSS) that naturally occurring genetic variation serves as a powerful tool for modulating Tb and BW independently during DR. The correlation coefficient between the two responses was essentially zero, with R = −0.04 in the LXS and −0.03 in the LSXSS, the latter averaged across replicate cohorts. This study is also the first to report that there is highly significant ( P = 10−10) strain variation in the Tb response to DR in the LXS (51 strains tested), with strain means ranging from 2 to 4°C below normal. The results suggest that the strain variation in the Tb response to DR is largely due to differences in the rate of heat loss rather than heat production (i.e., metabolic rate). This variation can thus be used to assess the long-term effects of lower Tb independent of BW or metabolic rate, as well as independent of food intake and motor activity as previously shown. These results also suggest that murine genetic variation may be useful for uncoupling many more responses to DR.

Prospective analyses of white adipose tissue gene expression in relation to long-term body weight changes

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin H. M. Kwok ◽  
Mikael Rydén ◽  
Daniel P. Andersson ◽  
Gallic Beauchef ◽  
Christelle Guere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Adipose Tissue Gene Expression ◽  
Tissue Gene Expression ◽  
Prospective Analyses

scholarly journals Effects of Aqueous Root Bark Extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC) Guill & Perr and Terminalia avicennioides Guill & Perr on Redox and Haematological Parameters of Diethylnitrosamine-Administered Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Amadu Kayode Salau ◽  
◽  
Musa Toyin Yakubu ◽  
Adenike Temidayo Oladiji ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Anogeissus Leiocarpus

Background: This study investigated the protective effects of aqueous extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC) Guill & Perr (Combretaceae) and Terminalia avicennioides Guill & Perr (Combretaceae) root barks, as well as their 1:1 (w/w) mixture on liver redox and haematological parameters of diethylnitrosamine-treated rats. Methods: Rats were orally administered distilled water, diethylnitrosamine (30 mg/kg body weight once a week on weeks 3 and 4), curcumin (200 mg/kg body weight), extracts and 1:1 mixture (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight) for 4 weeks. Malondialdehyde, markers of oxidative stress and hematological indices were evaluated. Results: The extracts and their mixture significantly (P<0.05) reversed the diethylnitrosamine-induced alterations in the levels of liver malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione, vitamin C and platelet counts. The other haematological parameters (red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count, lymphocyte count and neutrophil count) were not affected by diethylnitrosamine and extracts. Conclusion: The extracts possess antioxidant, hepatoprotective and haemoprotective activities that compared well with curcumin. These activities were better exhibited by the mixture than the individual extracts.

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