Law enforcement monitoring in Uganda: the utility of offi cial data and time/distance-based ranger effi ciency measures

2014 ◽  
pp. 106-125
2020 ◽  
Vol 687 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-184
Author(s):  
Harold A. Pollack ◽  
Keith Humphreys

This article describes evidence-based strategies designed to reduce the prevalence of police encounters with people in behavioral crisis (PBCs) and to make such encounters less dangerous for all parties when they do occur. Some of these strategies are implemented by law enforcement, including gun violence restraining orders and the training of officers to provide time, distance, and cover during encounters with PBCs. Other strategies involve broader systems of community care, including assertive community treatment for people with serious psychiatric disorders, and critical time interventions for individuals leaving incarceration or inpatient psychiatric care. Broader adoption of such strategies should both reduce the risk of police shootings of PBCs as well as improve the effectiveness and well-being of police officers.


2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-58
Author(s):  
Richard J. Orsi

When introduced in the nineteenth century, railroads were one of humankind's most transformational technologies. Like similar transformations such as the printing press and the automobile, railroads did more than advance technology. They fundamentally altered the entire social and cultural fabric, including basic relationships between people and time, distance, geography, class, and gender. Railroads also introduced new types of crime and criminal organization to the nineteenth-century West, and indeed to the entire nation and globe. These criminal activities quickly spread across wide geographic expanses. Railroads and society at large responded by altering the measures of social control through new forms of law enforcement, only one of which was the creation of private railroad-company police forces. In our own era, similar revolutionary information and communications technologies erupted upon a cultural and institutional world woefully unprepared to deal with them. As was true for nineteenth-century railroading, the results today have been new, ever-evolving forms of crime that plague individuals, companies, institutions, and governments, while baffling ill-equipped law enforcement agencies. The internet spammers, hackers, phishers, stalkers, swindlers, pedophiles, money launderers, identity thieves, election fixers, and cyberterrorists of today share a lineage with the railroad pickpockets, arsonists, ticket forgers, train robbers and wreckers, and hatchet-wielding hoboes of yesterday. Examining the railroads' transformation of crime and violence can shed light on today's tribulations with information technology, as well as on possible ways to deal with them.


2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-305
Author(s):  
MARIUSZ WOJTALEWICZ ◽  
BEATA SPEICHERT-ZALEWSKA

Criminal analysis in law enforcement agencies’ work has been around for many years. Initially, it was used by police offi cers in a nonformalised way, its main purpose being to try to understand and systematise crimes. Attempts to draw conclusions from the collected data contributed to greater effectiveness of the detection process. Nowadays, the need for effi ciency in processing the increasing amount of data, and the far-reaching professionalisation of criminal groups have resulted in the fact that criminal analysis is no longer a cure-all for a lack of thinking, but an indispensable tool in the effective fi ght against crime. Considering the above, the article presents the need for the effective use of criminal analysis in combatting mainly organised crime of an economic nature.


Author(s):  
I Nengah Suantra ◽  
Made Nurmawati

The Self-service shop developing into the countryside, however there are those who do not have licenses and violated licensing regulation. Therefore, violations of law were identified and analyzed by supermarkets, and law enforcement by SATPOL PP against these violations. Research uses normative legal research methods; the approach is the legislative approach, concepts, and philosophy. Data sources consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials and the results of interviews with informants. The arrangement of the Self-service shop’s licenses is performed with Local Regulation, Regent Regulation, Regulation of Mayor, and/or the Mayor's Decision, the Mayor's Instructions and Regent's Circular Letter. Klungkung District does not have a regulation for supermarket yet. The legality of the Self-service shop is in the form of IUTS/IUTM, IUPP, DUTS, and DUPP. Tabanan and Klungkung District use SIUP and TDP. The law infringement of the Self-service shop is: violation of working time, distance of location, not having an IUTS, not applying a new license application in moving the location, and selling liquor. The law enforcement conducted by providing verbal warning, written warning, founding, applying for the licenses, and/or business suspension. The legality of the Self-service shop must use IUTS, and Klungkung District immediately formed regulation for the Self-service shop are. The un-licensed Self-service shop are monitored and evaluated continuously and identified the licenses that have been issued. Law enforcement for unlicensed and illegal Self-service shops that are permitted to be done explicitly and consistently so as not to cause injustice in society. Toko swalayan menjamur hingga ke pedesaan, namun ada yang tidak berizin, dan melanggar ketentuan perizinan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisa pelanggaran hukum oleh toko swalayan, dan penegakan hukum oleh SATPOL PP terhadap pelanggaran tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif; pendekatannya yaitu pendekatan perundang-undangan, konsep, dan filsafat. Sumber data terdiri atas bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier serta hasil wawancara dengan informan. Pengaturan izin toko swalayan dilakukan dengan Perda, Perbup, Perwali, dan/atau Keputusan Walikota, Instruksi Walikota dan Surat Edaran Bupati. Kabupaten Klungkung belum memiliki Perda toko swalayan. Legalitas toko swalayan berbentuk IUTS/IUTM, IUPP, DUTS, dan DUPP. Kabupaten Tabanan dan Klungkung menggunakan SIUP dan TDP. Pelanggaran hukum toko swalayan yaitu: pelanggaran jam kerja, jarak lokasi, tidak memiliki IUTS, tidak mengajukan permohonan izin baru dalam memindahkan lokasi, dan menjual minuman beralkohol. Penegakan hukum dilakukan dengan memberikan peringatan lisan, tertulis, pembinaan, mengajukan izin, dan/atau pembekuan usaha. Legalitas toko swalayan supaya menggunakan IUTS, dan Kabupaten Klungkung segera membentuk Perda toko swalayan. Toko swalayan yang tidak berizin supaya dimonitoring dan dievaluasi secara berkelanjutan serta diidentifikasi izin yang sudah terbit. Penegakan hukum terhadap toko swlayan yang tidak berizin dan yang melanggar izin supaya dilakukan secara tegas dan konsisten agar tidak menimbulkan ketidakadilan dalam masyarakat.


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Досымбек ◽  
B. Dosymbek

The article is devoted to fi nding new ways to improve the effi ciency of law enforcement services of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the basis of the development of competitiveness and competence. To this end the author proposes the use of a rating «rating service of personal competence», consisting of two sections: the service rating, and personal rating. Offi cial rating is proposed to evaluate on the basis of characteristics such as the performance of offi cial duties, legal literacy, combat and physical training, possession of modern information technology, service discipline that must be assessed as excellent, good or satisfactory. Personal rating, according to the author, should include such indicators, as the relationship of employee in the team, the presence or absence of confl ict, behavior in everyday life, the correctness in relations with citizens, etc.


Author(s):  
Fyodor M. Kobzaryov

The article examines the essence of legislative novels related to supplementing the powers of the prosecutor in pre-trial proceedings, analyses and predicts their impact on the formation of law enforcement practice and the development of the theoretical design of the procedural status of the prosecutor in the pre-trial stages of the criminal process. Particular attention is paid to the provisions related to checking reports of crimes and increasing the signifi cance of the decision of the prosecutor to send relevant materials to the preliminary investigation body to resolve the issue of criminal prosecution. These important provisions also include the additional powers of the prosecutor to demand from the bodies of inquiry and investigative bodies the elimination of violations of federal law committed not only during the inquiry or preliminary investigation, but also directly during the reception, registration and resolution of reports of crimes. Along with a positive assessment of the amendments to existing laws, the article expresses doubts that the precise adjustments made to the supervisory powers of the prosecutor will signifi cantly increase the effi ciency of the authorised bodies and their offi cials in the pre-trial stages of criminal proceedings. At the same time, proposals on renaming the stage of initiating a criminal case and other theoretical positions on the characteristics of this stage, on creating barriers to concealing crimes from accounting, are substantiated.


Author(s):  
H. M. Sagara ◽  
S. A. Schliebe ◽  
M. C. Kong

Particle analysis by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x- ray analysis is one of the current methods used in crime laboratories to aid law enforcement in identifying individuals who have recently fired or handled a firearm. During the discharge of a firearm, the high pressure caused by the detonation of the cartridge materials forces a portion of the generated gases through leaks in the firing mechanism of the weapon. These gases contain residues of smokeless powder, primer mixture, and contributions from the projectile itself. The condensation of these hot gases form discrete, micrometer-sized particles, which can be collected, along with dry skin cells, salts, and other hand debris, from the hands of a shooter by a simple adhesive lift technique. The examination of the carbon-coated adhesive lifts consist of time consuming systematic searches for high contrast particles of spherical morphology with the characteristic elemental composition of antimony, barium and lead. A detailed list of the elemental compositions which match the criteria for gunshot residue are discussed in the Aerospace report.


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