Promoting emotional well-being or mental health in England? What’s the difference?

2012 ◽  
pp. 198-208
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Difference

Avoiding Psychiatric Disability Overdiagnosis, Part 1: General Disability and Occupational Disability—Going Beyond Medical Impairment Assessments

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Fabien Gagnon ◽  
Les Kertay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Work Disability ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychiatric Disability ◽  
Disability Assessment ◽  
Health Work ◽  
Occupational Disability ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mental Health Work

Abstract Claims of occupational psychiatric disability have increased considerably over the past 20 years. To avoid psychiatric disability overdiagnosis, it is important to improve the clinical assessment of mental health work disability. This article discusses general disability issues and their impact on individual well-being, social participation, and frequently associated poverty. It defines the difference between impairment assessment and disability assessment, explores three common disability models, and raises issues about psychiatric disability and its potential overdiagnosis.

More than Welfare: The Experiences of Employed and Unemployed Ontario Basic Income Recipients

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ferdosi ◽  
Tom McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Pilot Site ◽  
Housing Stability ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Use Of Health Services

AbstractThis article explores the experiences of employed and unemployed Ontario Basic Income recipients in the Hamilton and Brantford pilot site. Integrating data from surveys and interviews, the self-reported outcomes of both groups are summarized. These outcomes pertain to employment, physical health, mental health, use of health services, food security, housing stability, financial well-being and social activities. The article highlights the difference in the degree of improvements between recipients who were working before and during the pilot versus those who were not employed at both times. Its broad conclusion is that both groups reported significant benefits, but it was recipients who were continuously employed that reported the greatest improvements. This suggests that basic income could be an important policy tool to improve the lives of low-income and precarious workers in Ontario and perhaps elsewhere.

scholarly journals The Predictive Dynamics of Happiness and Well-Being

2021 ◽  
pp. 175407392110638
Author(s):  
Mark Miller ◽  
Erik Rietveld ◽  
Julian Kiverstein
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Momentary Happiness ◽  
Error Dynamics

We offer an account of mental health and well-being using the predictive processing framework (PPF). According to this framework, the difference between mental health and psychopathology can be located in the goodness of the predictive model as a regulator of action. What is crucial for avoiding the rigid patterns of thinking, feeling and acting associated with psychopathology is the regulation of action based on the valence of affective states. In PPF, valence is modelled as error dynamics—the change in prediction errors over time . Our aim in this paper is to show how error dynamics can account for both momentary happiness and longer term well-being. What will emerge is a new neurocomputational framework for making sense of human flourishing.

scholarly journals Neither an Optimist Nor a Pessimist Be: Mistaken Expectations Lower Well-Being

2020 ◽  
pp. 014616722093457
Author(s):  
David de Meza ◽  
Chris Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Rational Expectations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Unrealistic Optimism ◽  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Difference ◽  
British Sample ◽  
Decision Errors

This article speaks to the classic view that mental health requires accurate self-perception. Using a representative British sample ( N = 1,601) it finds that, as measured by two established well-being indicators, those with mistaken expectations, whether optimistic or pessimistic, do worse than realists. We index unrealistic optimism as the difference between financial expectations and financial realizations measured annually over 18 years. The effects are not small, with those holding the most pessimistic (optimistic) expectations experiencing a 21.8% (13.5%) reduction in long-run well-being. These findings may result from the decision errors and counteracting emotions associated with holding biased beliefs. For optimists, disappointment may eventually dominate the anticipatory feelings of expecting the best while for pessimists the depressing effect of expecting doom may eventually dominate the elation when the worst is avoided. Also, plans based on inaccurate beliefs are bound to deliver worse outcomes than would rational expectations.

scholarly journals Social Support and Acceptance Commitment Therapy on Subjective Well-Being and Mental Health of COVID-19 Patient

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (G) ◽  
pp. 238-243
Author(s):  
Imamatul Faizah ◽  
Yanis Kartini ◽  
Ratna Yunita Sari ◽  
Riska Rohmawati ◽  
Raden Khairiyatul Afiyah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Acceptance Commitment Therapy ◽  
Commitment Therapy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic does not only have a physical impact on the sufferers, restrictions on social interaction, and the existence of negative stigma from residents, but also have an impact on mental health and self-assessment on the patient. Nursing interventions can improve the mental health and happiness of patients, namely by providing social support and providing acceptance commitment therapy by the health workers. The provision of social support and acceptance commitment therapy aims to produce a meaningful life for patients undergoing treatment. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of social support and acceptance commitment therapy on subjective well-being and mental health of COVID-19 patients. METHODS: The research design used is quasi-experimental research with dependent pre-test and post-test samples. The sampling technique used is consecutive sampling to determine the sample according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with a total sample of 106 respondents who were divided into 53 respondents for the intervention group and 53 respondents for the control group. The independent variables in this study are social support and acceptance commitment therapy. Meanwhile, the dependent variables in this study are subjective well-being and mental health. The instruments used in this research are The Social Support Questionnaire, Mental Health Inventory, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Statistical analysis was conducted using t-test with p < 0.5. RESULTS: The results show that in the intervention group, the difference in mean subjective well-being before and after the intervention is 6.88, while the difference in the mean of mental health before and after the intervention is 39.71. Furthermore, in the control group, the difference in mean subjective well-being before and after the intervention is 0.17, while the difference in the mean of mental health before and after the intervention is 0.02. Data analysis shows that social support and acceptance commitment therapy had an effect on subjective well-being and mental health of COVID-19 patients with p = 0.00. CONCLUSION: The provision of social support and acceptance commitment therapy can be done as a preventive effort to maintain the mental health and subjective well-being of COVID-19 patients during the treatment period both in the hospital and independent isolation at home.

scholarly journals Ontario adults’ health behaviors, mental health, and overall well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie J. Shillington ◽  
Leigh M. Vanderloo ◽  
Shauna M. Burke ◽  
Victor Ng ◽  
Patricia Tucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Background Public health measures such as physical distancing and work-from-home initiatives have been implemented to slow the spread of COVID-19. These measures may also be associated with unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, which could be particularly problematic for those already at highest risk for losing years of healthy life due to chronic disease (i.e., 30–59-year-olds). The purpose of this paper is two-fold: (1) to provide an overview of Ontario adults’ health behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and dietary intake), mental health, and well-being during the first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic (April–July 2020); and (2) to explore the difference between physical activity and various health behaviors (i.e., well-being, mental health, and dietary intake). Methods As a part of a larger, longitudinal study, participants completed an online survey that included demographic information, the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, Starting the Conversation, the Mental Health Inventory, and the Personal Wellbeing Index-Adult. Data analyses involved computing measures of central tendency and dispersion for demographic characteristics and tools followed by descriptive statistics. Separate independent t-tests were conducted to investigate the difference between physical activity status and well-being, mental health, and dietary intake. Results A total of 2157 Ontarians completed an online survey. Descriptive statistics indicated that respondents met physical activity and sedentary behavior guidelines, reported double the amount of recommended recreational screen time, practiced moderately healthy dietary behaviors, experienced mental health problems, and scored below “normal” in some well-being domains. Conclusion As the end of the COVID-19 pandemic is currently unknown, its associated restrictions and society changes may influence adults’ behaviors in both the short- and longer-term. As such, our findings might provide immediate insight into the development of timely and evidence-informed health promotion and disease prevention strategies for Canadians, which could support adults’ health behaviors, mental health, and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic and other, future pandemics.

scholarly journals Swedish teens' comprehension of sexting and explicit sexual images and consequences for well-being

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Dahlqvist ◽  
K Gillander Gådin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Sexual Interest ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Mental Health Effects

Abstract Background Sexting and dissemination of explicit sexual images (ESI) through social media have become a common practice in teen peer culture in the past decade. Even though sexting is not a problem per se, it is regarded as a risk factor for e.g., sextortion and adverse mental health. The dissemination of ESI may be with or without consent, and the difference between (unwanted) sexting/ESI and online sexual harassment may be difficult for teenagers to assess. Therefore, it is important to delve deeper into how young people understand these practices. Aim The aim was to deepen the understanding of how young people comprehend sexting with a focus on ESI. Methods We conducted ten group interviews (3-7 participants each) with adolescent girls and boys in Sweden in 2019. There were two male and two female groups with 12-14-year-olds and four male and two female groups with 15-19-year-olds. Parental written consent was obtained for participants &lt;15 years. Data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results One overarching theme was found for both genders: “Sexting and ESI - a means to many ends and an everyday hassle”. The understanding of sexting and ESI dissemination was however only partly overlapping between genders. One difference was that boys expressed that often, the non-consensual dissemination of ESI was a means to 'mess with' or harass (most often) girls and not as a means to express romantic or sexual interest. In contrast, girls interpreted the motives behind boys sending unwanted ESI in various ways but not directly as a means of harassment. Furthermore, ESI often had adverse effects on girls' well-being. Conclusions The line between (unwanted) sexting/ESI and sexual harassment is problematic, and boys seem often to be using ESI to cross this line. Both girls and boys recognized the adverse mental health effects of ESI. These findings can inform internet safety educators, legal guardians, and school staff as well as other adults working with young people. Key messages For boys, the dissemination of ESI was often a means to ‘mess with’ others. In contrast, girls did not interpret the motives behind boys sending unwanted ESI as a means of harassment. Both girls and boys recognized the adverse mental health effects of unwanted ESI.

scholarly journals The mental health impact of COVID-19 and pandemic related stressors among adults in the UK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarani Chandola ◽  
Meena Kumari ◽  
Cara L Booker ◽  
Michaela J Benzeval
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Uk

Background: The coronavirus pandemic has resulted in a wide range of social and economic changes that could, in turn, have affected the mental health of the UK adult population. Previous research has not been able to measure the broad range of potential stressors, nor examine whether recent changes in those stressors have positively or negatively impacted on common mental disorders. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the stressful impact of the lockdown on mental health has accumulated over time or whether people have adapted to the new conditions of lockdown. This study examines whether there was an increase in the prevalence and incidence of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in the UK adult population during the first few months of lockdown related to the coronavirus pandemic and whether changes in CMD were associated with an increase in stressors related to lockdown and the pandemic. Methods: Longitudinal data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (wave 9: 2017-2019 and waves 1 and 2 of the Coronavirus survey in April and May 2020 respectively), a representative sample of UK population, were analysed. Common mental disorders (CMD) were measured using the GHQ-12 (cut off >2) at all waves. The difference in the GHQ-12 (using Likert scores) between waves measured changes in psychological well-being. The incidence of CMD and changes in psychological well-being were analysed in relation to pandemic specific stressors and changes in economic, financial, household and psychosocial stressors. Findings: Around 30% of UKHLS adults without CMD in 2017/9 had a CMD in April 2020. However from April to May 2020, the incidence reduced considerably to below 13%. Much of the increase in incident CMD between April and May was associated with an increase in feelings of loneliness, but some of this increase was also associated with increasing domestic work demands (arising out of childcare and home-schooling), working from home, and the receipt of care from outside the home. The reduction in the incidence of many of these stressors in May (compared to April) coincided with a reduction in the incidence of CMD in May. Conclusion: The pandemic and resultant lockdown were associated with an increase in the incidence of CMD in the UK adult population initially in April 2020. These changes were associated with increases in feelings of loneliness and stressors related to work and domestic life and receipt of care. There was some evidence of adaptation to many of these stressors over the lockdown period by May 2020. However, if levels of unemployment and redundancy increase in the near future, the implications for the mental health of the population need careful thought and monitoring.

The Effects of a Caffeine Placebo and Experimenter Expectation on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Well-Being, and Cognitive Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Walach ◽  
Stefan Schmidt ◽  
Yvonne-Michelle Bihr ◽  
Susanne Wiesch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Being There ◽  
To Receive

We studied the effect of experimenter expectations and different instructions in a balanced placebo design. 157 subjects were randomized into a 2 × 4 factorial design. Two experimenters were led to expect placebos either to produce physiological effects or not (pro- vs. antiplacebo). All subjects except a control group received a caffeine placebo. They were either made to expect coffee, no coffee, or were in a double-blind condition. Dependent measures were blood pressure, heart rate, well-being, and a cognitive task. There was one main effect on the instruction factor (p = 0.03) with the group “told no caffeine” reporting significantly better well-being. There was one main effect on the experimenter factor with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” having higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.008). There was one interaction with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” to receive coffee doing worse in the cognitive task than the rest. Subjects instructed by experimenter “antiplacebo” were significantly less likely to believe the experimental instruction, and that mostly if they had been instructed to receive coffee. Contrary to the literature we could not show an effect of instruction, but there was an effect of experimenters. It is likely, however, that these experimenter effects were not due to experimental manipulations, but to the difference in personalities.

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