The external history of the French language: the standardisation of French and its distribution in the world today

2003 ◽  
pp. 15-64
Keyword(s):  
French Language ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Priority values of the French axiological paradigm on the material of the most used French idioms

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
L. V. Shapovalova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Character ◽  
French Language ◽  
A Value ◽  
National Values ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Value Hierarchy ◽  
Broad Understanding

The article examines and analyzes 10 of the 1,500 most commonly used French idioms from the site "Les expressions françaises décortiquées". Phraseological picture of the world plays an important role in cognition of the world around us, because it not only captures its phenomena in the language, but also adds to them connotations, which are manifested in the choice of words of a particular language register. The study of hierarchies of values, recorded in idioms, and ways of their representation allow us to build a value hierarchy in the French mentality and understand the main features of the French national character. We have a broad understanding of phraseology and consider idioms not only idioms, but also phraseological units, proverbs, sayings, winged expressions, speech stamps, because they all name a concept, are reproduced unchanged, and are stable phrases. The phraseological units, taken into the analysis, are allocated on frequency of addresses that allows to define a hierarchy of values in the French phraseological picture of the world. Each of the permanent statements, taken into the analysis, nominates one concept, and the frequency of appeals to them allows not only to understand their priority in the French mentality, but also to outline the features of the French national character. French national values are fixed in the selected phraseological units, and the relation to them is distinguished on the basis of connotations, the register of speech, the present euphemism, and metaphorization. It is interesting to trace the history of the considered phraseological units and lexical units in their structure, ways of entering the French language, numerous hypotheses that explain their meaning. These areas of research and identification of social strata, in which the idioms arose, show where the phenomena denominated by them were the most common, and the hierarchy of values recorded in them, in the French mentality.

Pacifism and the State in Colonial Pennsylvania

1939 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-74
Author(s):  
Guy Franklin Hershberger
Keyword(s):  
Social Philosophy ◽  
The State ◽  
Peace Movement ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

There are many varieties of pacifism in the world today. And the history of the peace movement shows that most of them, if not all, have had a long existence. Each type of pacifism is usually based on some corresponding variety of theology, religion, ethics, or political or social philosophy.

scholarly journals Towards a cultural history of digital autodidacticism: changing cultural narratives of education

Perspectiva ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-139
Author(s):  
Julian Sefton-Green
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Education System ◽  
Cultural Narratives ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The essay argues that the various new imaginaries of the connected, creative, autonomous, coding, motivated and making digital learner have their roots in diverse and older visions of a different kind education system (especially the craft learner working in communities of practice) than that promulgated by the human-capital inspired neoliberal governmentalised States in the world today. Tracing the histories of the older imaginaries in a cultural history of autodidacticism I examine how they become incorporated by, and thus recalibrate competing visions of the “new learner of tomorrow”.

scholarly journals Racial sovereignty

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 39-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerem Nisancioglu
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
International Politics ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Constitutive Relationship ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

This article explores how International Relations (IR) might better conceptualise and analyse an underexplored but constitutive relationship between race and sovereignty. I begin with a critical analysis of the ‘orthodox account’ of sovereignty which, I argue, produces an analytical and historical separation of race and sovereignty by: (1) abstracting from histories of colonial dispossession; (2) treating racism as a resolved issue in IR. Against the orthodox account, I develop the idea of ‘racial sovereignty’ as a mode of analysis which can: (1) overcome the historical abstractions in the orthodox account; (2) disclose the ongoing significance of racism in international politics. I make this argument in three moves. Firstly, I present a history of the 17th century struggle between ‘settlers’ and ‘natives’ over the colonisation of Virginia. This history, I argue, discloses the centrality of dispossession and racialisation in the attendant attempts of English settlers to establish sovereignty in the Americas. Secondly, by engaging with criticisms of ‘recognition’ found in the anticolonial tradition, I argue that the Virginian experience is not simply of historical interest or localised importance but helps us better understand racism as ongoing and structural. I then demonstrate how contemporary assertions of sovereignty in the context of Brexit disclose a set of otherwise concealed colonial and racialised relations. I conclude with the claim that interrogations of racial sovereignty are not solely of historical interest but are of political significance for our understanding of the world today.

scholarly journals Present and future of Francophony, or Battle for French

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Marina N. Vetchinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
International Organization ◽  
French Language ◽  
Special Role ◽  
World Languages ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Other World

The article analyzes the place and role of the French language in the linguistic picture of the world, provides figures that characterize its position. The article shows the history of the creation and modern activities of the International Organization of Francophone Countries, as well as the history of the emergence of the term “Francophonie”, the angles of its use are noted. It contains data on the use of the French language on the African continent, and makes reasonable guesses about where it will occupy in Africa in the future. The article deals with the activities of the French state and international public institutions to popularize the French language in the world. It draws attention to initiatives to promote French. Information about the study of the French language in various countries is presented, the special role of teachers in its study is emphasized, the difficulties of competing with the English language are highlighted. Thanks to given mathematical calculations one can already assume an important role and significant place of French among other world languages in the middle of the XXI century.

scholarly journals “The Vast and Unsolved Enigma of Power”: Business History and Business Power

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-920
Author(s):  
NEIL ROLLINGS
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Address ◽  
Business History ◽  
History Of Capitalism ◽  
World Today ◽  
Business Power ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Business is commonly regarded as one of the powerful actors in the world today. However, this position is neither as straightforward as often believed nor particularly new. Nevertheless, business historians have not focused on the topic of business power to date, often leaving it as something lurking in the background of their analyses. There are signs that this may be beginning to change with the growth of studies on the history of capitalism, but this revised presidential address encourages business historians to engage more fully and explicitly with the concept of power and to recognize the different ways in which the concept can be used to enlighten the study of business history.

scholarly journals A Summary of the History of the Caddo People

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank F. Schambach
Keyword(s):  
Stone Tools ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Past ◽  
World Today ◽  
Plains Indians ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northern Michigan

I am pleased and very honored that you have invited me here today to tell you something about the past of the Caddo people as it is known to archaeologists. This is a subject that has been both my occupation and my major preoccupation for more than 25 years. The story that I and other archaeologists have been piecing together over many years is long, complex, and endlessly fascinating. It is a heritage that anyone could be proud of. Let me give you some of the highlights. The story began over 11,500 years ago--or about 9,500 B.C.--when the first people arrived in the historic Caddo territory of Northwest Louisiana, Southwest Arkansas, East Texas, and Southeast Oklahoma. There were not many of them, perhaps only a hundred or so in this whole area at first. And the world they lived in was very different from the world today. It was cold, about like northern Maine or northern Michigan today, with forests of spruce and birch, because the Ice Age was still going on. They were probably dressed like Eskimos in carefully sewn parkas, trousers, and boots. We know this because many of the stone tools they left behind are tools for preparing hides and for making the bone needles necessary to sew them into clothing. They probably lived in skin tepees like those of the historic Plains Indians, but smaller, because they did not have horses to carry their gear from place to place. They did have dogs and they probably trained them to work as pack animals.

Counting on the body: Techniques of embodied digitality

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 2242-2260
Author(s):  
Jason Puskar
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Human Reason ◽  
Human Control ◽  
World Today ◽  
Finger Counting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Body Techniques

By recovering the history of simple finger counting techniques and their relevance to a wide range of enumerative and calculative technologies, this article argues that human fingers have long shaped the digital, and more importantly, that the digital has long shaped the fingers. The interfaces of calculating machines from the Roman abacus to the touchscreen calculators mathematize the body in very specific and consistent ways, such that the fingers have come to connote human reason just as fluids such as tears have come to connote human feeling. This embodied digitality naturalizes and humanizes the digital in ways that we have too often taken for granted. Digital calculating machines are not just utilitarian instruments under human control, but engines of hominization that, across much of the world today, define what it means to be human.

Shakespeare-The Brand

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Praveen .S .V
Keyword(s):  
William Shakespeare ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Brand Personality ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
World Today ◽  
Greek Philosopher ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

William Shakespeare is known to the world as one of the greatest dramatist in the history of English Literature. It is unusual to attribute either Shakespeare or his works in the world of marketing, yet it is the fact that, even after 450 years, Shakespeare is still a recognizable and powerful brand in the world of today. Shakespearean festival was still being celebrated all over the world. Royal Society of Shakespeare still performs Shakespearean dramas every year, in more than twenty languages. It shows the brand image of Shakespeare, having in the world today. Aristotle, a Greek Philosopher, in his attempt to understand poetry and drama, expressed his view in his famous work Poetics that, both drama and poetry appeals to the emotions of a reader and spectators. The success of a drama, depends on the extent to which, a dramatist can able to capture the emotions of the audience. It is necessary for writers to have a unique brand personality to market their art. Every writer has their own set of target audience and follows various strategies to satisfy them. This paper deals with, how Shakespeare employed different strategies to create his own brand image, that helped him positioning his art among his target audience, thus ending up creating one of the greatest and powerful brand image in the History.

The A-Class Catamaran: Development of Serious Fun

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Beadling ◽  
Walter H. Beadling
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Technical Development ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance

The A-Class Catamaran is the most popular development class of sailing catamaran in the world today. This paper is a comprehensive look at the history of the class in terms of both its technical development and the progression of its racing activity. Discussion of design elements and performance characteristics of this 18 foot single hander are also provided along with speculation on the direction of future development.

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