Word class and phrase class: the noun phrase

2005 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Word Class

scholarly journals Code-switching within the noun phrase: Evidence from three corpora

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 695-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carmen Parafita Couto ◽  
Marianne Gullberg
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
Switching Patterns ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Research Questions

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: This study aims to improve our understanding of common switching patterns by examining determiner–noun–adjective complexes in code-switching (CS) in three language pairs (Welsh–English, Spanish–English and Papiamento–Dutch). The languages differ in gender and noun–adjective word order in the noun phrase (NP): (a) Spanish, Welsh, and Dutch have gender; English and Papiamento do not; (b) Spanish, Welsh, and Papiamento prefer post-nominal adjectives; Dutch and English, prenominal ones. We test predictions on determiner language and adjective order derived from generativist accounts and the Matrix Language Frame (MLF) approach. Design/methodology/approach: We draw on three publicly available spoken corpora. For the purposes of these analyses, we re-coded all three datasets identically. From the three re-coded corpora we extracted all monolingual and mixed simplex NPs (DetN) and complex NPs with determiners (determiner–adjective–noun (DetAN/NA)). We then examined the surrounding clause for each to determine the matrix language based on the finite verb. Data and analysis: We analysed the data using a linear regression model in R statistical software to examine the distribution of languages across word class and word order in the corpora. Findings/conclusions: Overall, the generativist predictions are borne out regarding adjective positions but not determiners and the MLF accounts for more of the data. We explore extra-linguistic explanations for the patterns observed. Originality: The current study has provided new empirical data on nominal CS from language pairs not previously considered. Significance/implications: This study has revealed robust patterns across three corpora and taken a step towards disentangling two theoretical accounts. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of comparing multiple language pairs using similar coding.

scholarly journals On the interaction of Linguistic Typology and Functional Grammar

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Rijkhoff
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Linguistic Typology ◽  
Sampling Methodology ◽  
Layered Model ◽  
Distinct Word

Research conducted within the wider theoretical framework of Dik’s Functional Grammar has resulted in important contributions to linguistic typology, and, vice versa, empirical facts from a wide variety of languages have significantly improved the theory of Functional Grammar, especially regarding its typological adequacy. This article discusses the following contributions to Linguistic Typology: the development of a sound sampling methodology, classification of noun categories (Seinsarten), an account of (so-called) number discord, the introduction of the new grammatical category of ‘nominal aspect’, a new typology of classifiers, and a universal concerning the occurrence of adjectives as a distinct word class. Conversely it will be shown that facts from many different languages have played an important role in the development of a layered model of the noun phrase in Functional Grammar and how currently these facts are used to test hypotheses concerning parallels between NPs and clauses.

scholarly journals PARSING TWITTER MENGGUNAKAN METODE LEFT-CORNER PARSING DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN POS TAGGER

Repositor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Dyah Anitia ◽  
Yuda Munarko ◽  
Yufis Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Left Corner ◽  
Pos Tagger ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

AbstrakPada penelitian ini dilakukan investigasi parser dengan pendekatan left-corner untuk data tweet bahasa Indonesia. Total koleksi tweet sebanyak 850 tweet yang dibagi menjadi tiga kumpulan data, yakni data train POS Tagger, data train dan data uji. Left-corner menggabungkan dua metode yakni top-down dan bottom-up. Dimana top-down digunakan pada proses pengenalan kelas kata dan bottom-up digunakan pada proses pengenalan struktur kalimat. Adapun jenis tag yang digunakan dalam proses top-down berjumlah 23 tagset dan frasa  yang digunakan untuk menentukan struktur kalimat frasa yakni frasa nomina, frasa verbal, frasa adjektiva, frasa adverbia dan frasa preposisional. Hasilnya adalah untuk pendekatan left corner mencapai nilai precision 88,29%, nilai recall 68,3% dan F1 measure 77,02%. Nilai yang diperoleh dengan pendekatan left-corner lebih besar dibandingkan nilai dengan pendekatan bottom-up. Hasil dari nilai yang diperoleh dengan bottom up mencapai nilai precision 68,79%, nilai recall 47,12% dan F1 measure 55,9%. Hal ini disebabkan penggunaan kelas kata pada proses top-down berpengaruh pada sturuktur kalimat pada proses bottom up.AbstractIn this research, we investigated parser with left-corner parser approach for data tweet in Indonesian language. The data used was consisted of 850 tweets which divided for into three data set, that is data train for POS Tagger, data train for parser and data test. The left-corner combines two methods, top-down and bottom-up methods. Top-down  used for processes a sequence of words, and attaches a part of speech tag to each and bottom-up used for processes a sentence structure. We used 41 tags and the pharse used to define the sentence structure is noun phrase, verbal phrase, adjective pharse, adverd phrase and prepositional pharse. The result was that precision 88,29%,  recall 68,3% and F1 measure 77,02% of left-corner approach. The value obtained by the left-corner approach is greater than the value with the bottom-up approach. The result was that precision 68,29%,  recall 47,12% and F1 measure 55,9% of bottom-up approach. This is because the use of word class in top-down process affect the sentence structure in the bottom up process. that is because the use of word class in top-down process affect the sentence structure in the bottom up process.

Typologizing nominal expressions: the noun phrase and beyond

Linguistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Louagie ◽  
Uta Reinöhl
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article develops foundations for a new typology of nominal expressions. Despite the significant diversity attested in languages around the world, a view traditionally and sometimes still found holds that languages either have ‘classic’, rigidly structured noun phrases (NPs) or lack them. A simple dichotomy, however, does not adequately represent the significant language-internal and crosslinguistic diversity of forms and functions of nominal expressions. While many linguists may not in fact think in such binary terms, a comprehensive typology is still wanting. This article offers foundations towards such a typology, with a particular emphasis on language-internal diversity. This diversity within languages has received little attention in previous studies, even while it reveals much about the actual complexity in the nominal domain. Besides surveying structural types and their motivating factors across as well as within languages from around the world, this article approaches nominal expressions also from a variety of other perspectives to enrich our understanding of them. This includes approaching nominal expressions from the perspective of word class systems as well as diachronically. We round off the article by looking at the impact of orality-literacy dimensions and communicative modes.

John Wallis on adjectives the discovery of phrase structure in the Grammatica Linguae Anglicanae (1653)

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47-72
Author(s):  
Michael Isermann
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Linear Arrangement ◽  
Class System ◽  
Traditional Organization ◽  
John Wallis

Summary One of the typical features of the early grammars of European vernaculars is their sketchy treatment of syntactic phenomena. The reason for this neglect is obvious: The steady orientation of grammarians towards the traditional word-class approach virtually necessitated the persistence of the view of a sentence as a linear arrangement of words. Though historians of grammar have acknowledged John Wallis’(1616–1703) attempt at freeing the grammar of English from the strait jacket of Latin grammar, they have seen his Grammatica Linguae Anglicanae (1653) in the word-based grammar tradition. In this paper I argue that beyond the fairly traditional organization and terminology of Wallis’ grammar lies a fundamentally different approach: Instead of basing his description of English on a fixed word-class system, Wallis seems to arrive at syntactic categories via the criteria of distribution and substitution. It is these criteria (which are constantly applied rather than stated) that lead Wallis to the discovery of phrases and their internal structure. Especially consistent and concise in this regard is Wallis’ description of the structure of the noun phrase in the chapter on “The adjectives”.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Code Mixing of an Australian Youtuber “Dave Jephcott” in His Instagram “Londo Kampung”

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
Tira Nur Fitria
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
First Language ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Language Discourse ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Code mixing is a phenomenon in the form of the use of elements from a particular language in one sentence or another language discourse. The objective of this research is to find out the type of code-mixing uttered by an Australian Youtuber in his Instagram “Londo Kampung”. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method. In Instagram “Londo Kampung”. It is found the mixing of various linguistic units in the grammatical system within a sentence. There are some types of insertion of code-mixing, such as in elements of word, phrase, clause, hybrid, and repetition. There 182 code mixing found in Instagram captions. In insertion of the word shows 114 data or 62.64% which consist word class of noun and adjective. In insertion of hybrid shows 36 data (19.78 %), such as in insertion suffix both in Indonesian and Javanese, also prefix both in Indonesian and Javanese. In phrase shows 14 data (7.69 %) which consist of the noun phrase and adjective phrases. In insertion of the clause shows 12 data (6.59 %), and in repetition shows 6 data (3.33 %) which consist independent clause. The most dominant type insertion of code-mixing is in the element of words. Code mixing here occurs when the speaker (Dave Jephcott) inserts an element of a foreign language (English) in an utterance when he mostly communicates in written in his first language (Javanese and Indonesian).

scholarly journals Reciprocal Prefix ko- in Loloda Language, North Halmahera

Humaniora ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Maklon - Gane ◽  
Wakit Abdullah ◽  
Dwi Purnanto
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Base Word ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Morphological Process ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Method

This research aimed to describe the morphological process which focused on reciprocal prefix ko- and to find the word class of the base word that could attach with that prefix in Loloda language. The sources of data were Loloda language used by Lolodanese in the field research. The data were clauses or sentences that contained base word with reciprocal prefix ko-. The data obtained through several methods and techniques, such as observation and conversation, elicitation technique, recording, taking notes, and introspection technique. Introspection technique was used because the researcher is the speaker of this language. The data were analyzed by a qualitative descriptive method. The researchers used morphologic perspective to analyze the data. The results show that reciprocal prefix can attach with base words that have vocal /o/ in the first syllable. Moreover, there are several categories of the base word can attach with reciprocal prefix ko- such as the verb, noun or noun phrase, adjective, and interrogative. The function of the reciprocal prefix is to form the active verb.

Compounding construction in Thai: Its contribution to humor

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanjana Jaroenkiatboworn
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Semantic Role ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Good Resource ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Surface Realization

AbstractThis paper analyzes some jokes in Thai, which is an isolating language. The focus of this paper is on a linguistic construction, which has high potential for structural ambiguities in Thai, that is, noun compound. The result of this study shows that they are a good resource for constructing two types of ambiguities in Thai jokes: case relation ambiguity, which is the ambiguity of surface realization of case relation, in which a noun or noun phrase can have more than one semantic role, and class ambiguity, which is an ambiguity that causes one word class to be mistaken for another class. As researches on puns in non-inflectional languages are rarely talked of in relation to others, this work might shed light on the study of puns from a new perspective.

scholarly journals Medium-transferability and corpora: Remarks from the consumer-end of corpus linguistics

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Jürgen Esser
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Word Class

A distinction is made between units and categories that are medium-independent (e.g. word class, noun phrase and clause) and those that are tied to the medium of realization. While the orthographic sentence is a typical highly conventionalised unit that is tied to the written medium, the tone unit is a typical unit of the spoken medium. There are, however, some problems related to this unit of realisation. Not only is the tone unit and its organisation into higher-level units subject to theoretical dispute, it also has a different status in speaking and reading respectively, which so far has been largely ignored in corpus linguistics.

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