UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN PERTANIAN DENGAN PEMBERDAYAAN KRAMA SUBAK

Subak is a traditional organization in the field of agriculture and irrigation of rice fields in indigenous peoples in Bali that is socioeconomic, religious, economical that historically continues to grow and develop and has been awarded World Cultural Heritage status by UNESCO on June 29, 2012. However, along with the development of the times, the conversion of agricultural land functions are increasing which results in agricultural land continues to decrease and the existence of Subak is increasingly threatened. This research uses the foundation of Empowerment Theory according to Totok Mardikanto. The research method used is qualitative research with descriptive method. Data collection techniques used in this study are by observation, interview, and documentation. While data analysis used in processing the data obtained is by data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The observations showed that the empowerment process for Krama Subak has been running well but there are still obstacles that cause conversion of agricultural land function to continue to occur, such as the resources of heterogeneous farmers, farmers not owners of agricultural land, and farmers who are still tempted by rising land prices. Efforts made in addressing this is by holding the Hita Lalu Program, improving the intensification of subak administrators as well as the preparation of the Regulation on Sustainable Food Agricultural Land (LP2B). Keywords: Empowerment, Agriculture, Krama Subak

A Conceptual Framework

Theories such as rational adaptation and transformational change have particular relevance for organizational change. A conceptual model includes organizational problems and conditions; change goals; strategy; change tactics such as demonstrating urgency, clarifying the change vision, providing a plan, developing communication processes, and providing for staff participation. Structures include action systems consisting of change sponsors, change champions, and action teams. Processes including ongoing communication, team building, and conflict management are all necessary. Implementation methods and technologies can include traditional organization development tools such as employee surveys, process consultation, and team building, as well as specific interventions, including quality improvement models; implementation science processes; organization culture change; and addressing diversity, equity, and inclusion issues. Change content, process, and context all need to be considered in planning a change intervention. Changes must be institutionalized in organizational policies and procedures. Outcomes of the change should be clearly defined in order to evaluate results.

Virtual organizations

Trends in the development of modern markets, such as the globalization, the growing importance of product quality, price and customer satisfaction, the increasing importance of sustainable relationships with consumers, the growing importance of the degree of application of new information and communication technologies and the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly influenced the development of new organizational forms of enterprise management. In this regard, the question of the impact of telecommuting on relationships and interpersonal networks within organizations has become relevant. The aim of the article is to analyze the factors influencing to the creation and development of virtual organizations, as well as to identify types of virtual organizations. The research also covers a review of the main foreign and domestic virtual organizations. The article considers the theoretical foundations, factors and they influencing on the formation of virtual organizations. The article analyzes the existing approaches to the definition of a virtual organization, highlights the main types of virtual structures, the main characteristics and advantages of a virtual organization, and also highlights the features characteristic of all types of virtual organizations. The features and main problems of managing virtual organizations are identified. Virtual organization is the newest and potentially promising form of network structures, appeared and became widespread in the last decade. A virtual organization can flexibly change its configuration, where the strategic advantage of such a system provides sustainability and survival in a market economy, the ability of participants to provide flexibility and integration of resources, and the ability to quickly create virtual teams and virtual environments. However, the virtual organization has the same capabilities and potential as a traditional organization, but the virtual organization has not such institutional and structural boundaries.

Labor Motivation and Stimulation Mechanism in Learning Organization Formation

The article is devoted to a relevant topic − the HR management system creation during the transforming a traditional organization into a self-learning one, and, first of all, a staff motivation system. The scientific novelty element is the developed and tested complex HR management mechanism, which is closely related to the results and employees' performance assessment. A tested and implemented mechanism for managing the employees’ motivation system is proposed, which is one of the stages in the formation of the self-learning organization model; the motivation management principles and guidelines for building a motivation system based on an integrated approach, including systems of monetary, non-monetary incentives, as well as social guarantees systems.

Rethinking School Education: Important Aspects Of The Correct Construction Of The Development Trajectory Of Students

The global challenges of our time forced everyone to reconsider their views on the issue of teaching and educating the younger generation, especially schoolchildren. In a pandemic, the traditional organization of the educational process was impossible due to quarantine. No one was completely ready for such an outcome of circumstances, neither the educational system nor the parents, who always relied on teachers and entrusted them with the upbringing of their child.

Efficient Digital Signature Scheme for Internet of Things

Apparently enthusiasm for the Internet of things (IoT) has as of late arrived at its top, with a lot of center from both the private and public parts. IoT, an innovation that empowers the trading of information through linkage among all items encompassing the client, can make new administrations. Information correspondence among objects isn't restricted to individual data, yet can likewise convey diverse information types, for example, detecting data gathered from the general condition. At the point when such information is gathered and utilized malevolently by an assailant, it is more defenseless against dangers than in traditional organization situations. In this article we proposed for digital signature scheme for Internet of Things.

Developing Teachers’ Inclusive Competence by Means of ICT in Postgraduate Education

The traditional organization of increasing the teachers’ level of inclusive competence in the system of postgraduate education in the framework of stationary courses is not effective enough. One of the reasons for this is lack of access to a large amount of the latest information that is available in modern research. Rapid changes in information technologies development open up more opportunities for modern teacher to acquire the necessary professional knowledge for teaching children with special educational needs. The article proposes an improved organization for increasing the level of inclusive competence in the postgraduate education, in which, along with traditional training in the framework of stationary courses, teachers, using ICT, participate in online courses and webinars posted on various educational platforms in the Internet. The characteristics of educational platforms ed-era.com, futurelearn.com, elt.oup.com, coursera.org, vseosvita.ua were analyzed. Pedagogical experiment was carried out, in which 2 groups of English teachers participated. In the control group, professional development was carried out traditionally, and in the experimental group – within the framework of improved organization of training. The analysis of the results showed that in the experimental group the greater level of inclusive competence was achieved in comparison with the control group. It was proved that this result was achieved thanks to improved organization of training using ICT tools. The results of the pedagogical experiment indicate the advantage of proposed organization for teachers’ inclusive competence development in comparison with the existing one. In connection with the above, the work, in our opinion, is of international importance.

EXPERIENCE IN CONSTRUCTION OF PUBLIC WHEEL ROADS IN BALKARIAN SOCIETIES IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY

The article analyzes the construction of wheeled roads in Balkarian societies in the second half of the 19th century, based on the attracted archival material, which were extremely necessary for the residents of high-mountainous villages and the Russian administration. The construction of roads required colossal efforts of all residents of Balkaria, support of the district and regional authorities – gunpowder, sappers, engineering solutions. The material on the financial, material and labor costs of the entire population of Balkar societies is generalized, which gave reason to call them folk. The roads connected the highlanders with the flat part of the Kabardian district, helped to draw them into the system of commodity-money and socio-cultural relations of the Russian Empire. The facts indicate that the inhabitants of Balkar societies have certain financial savings spent on vital communication routes for them, which created the best conditions for the annual transportation of livestock to the plane – in spring and autumn, the delivery of bread, household goods, products of factories and plants, and the sale of manufactured products. The constructed roads contributed to the transformation of the traditional organization of work and life, ensuring the penetration of new social relations into the environment of Balkar society.

Promising Areas for Developing HR Managers' Competencies in the Digital Age

The rapid development of technologies is creating a new digital reality in human resource management. In the context of the transition to the digital economy and transformation of traditional classical organizations to digital ones, digital management decentralization will take place on the basis of digital technologies. The most important characteristic feature of a digital organization is interaction of the HR service with employees using mobile applications. Predictive HR analytics, employee-centered professional training, feedback not only at the vertical level but also at the horizontal level requires the development of new competencies of HR specialists. Based on the authors' research, implemented by a temporary creative team, the practice of developing managerial competencies in the process of digital transformation is analyzed using the example of HR management services in organizations at different levels of digital maturity. The study has shown understanding on the part of HR specialists that automation has a significant potential and will be in demand in all the companies, regardless of their size. The transition from a traditional organization to a digital one will require changes in the qualification requirements for HR specialists, readiness of HR specialists to acquire new digital competencies, to develop their professional skills and personal abilities.

Model obrnute učionice na časovima španskog kao stranog jezika u izmenjenom društvenom kontekstu

In this paper, we deal with the model of Flipped Classroom in teaching Spanish as a foreign language. We want to examine whether, in a changed social context, this model helps students to acquire Spanish. In addition, we will try to compare the way of teaching according to this model and the realization of teaching through the Hangouts Meet service, which in the current circumstances is the closest equivalent to the traditional organization of classes. The hypothesis from which we start is that students who learn Spanish as a foreign language prefer the traditional, ie frontal form of work. We will supplement the theoretical part with the results of a two-semester research at Faculty of Philology and Arts of the University of Kragujevac. Based on the results of the research and the observations we made in the classes, we will present the pros and cons of both models. The aim of this paper is to investigate the most adequate approach to the teaching process of Spanish as a foreign language in the situation we find ourselves caused by the coronavirus Covid-19, as well as to point out the needs of students related to this subject in a changed social context.