Projectivism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Blackburn
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Propensity ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Way

‘Projectivism’ is used of philosophies that agree with Hume that ‘the mind has a great propensity to spread itself on the world’, that what is in fact an aspect of our own experience or of our own mental organization is treated as a feature of the objective order of things. Such philosophies distinguish between nature as it really is, and nature as we experience it as being. The way we experience it as being is thought of as partly a reflection or projection of our own natures. The projectivist might take as a motto the saying that beauty lies in the eye of the beholder, and seeks to develop the idea and explore its implications. The theme is a constant in the arguments of the Greek sceptics, and becomes almost orthodox in the modern era. In Hume it is not only beauty that lies in the eye (or mind) of the beholder, but also virtue, and causation. In Kant the entire spatio-temporal order is not read from nature, but read into it as a reflection of the organization of our minds. In the twentieth century it has been especially non-cognitive and expressivist theories of ethics that have adopted the metaphor, it being fairly easy to see how we might externalize or project various sentiments and attitudes onto their objects. But causation, probability, necessity, the stances we take towards each other as persons, even the temporal order of events and the simplicity of scientific theory have also been candidates for projective treatment.

THE CONCEPT OF CHRONOTOPE IN THE NOVEL “MRS DALLOWAY” BY V. WOOLF

2020 ◽  
Vol XIII (XIII) ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
E.Yu. Makarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
The World ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Modern Era

This article deals with the concept of chronotope in the text of the novel "Mrs. Dalloway” by Virginia Woolf. Certain characteristics of chronotope exemplifying these concepts were selected and analyzed, the former serving as an integral part of the analysis of works of the modern era. As a result of a continuous sampling and subsequent analysis of the text of the novel, we concluded that despite the contrast of the characters from different social classes, they are united by a single spatio-temporal continuum regulated by the chronotope. Virginia Woolf managed to accurately and truthfully convey the atmosphere of 1923, as she was a direct witness to the events taking place in the country and the world at that time.

Thanatopography

Dismantlings ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 139-159
Author(s):  
Matt Tierney
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Ethical Codes ◽  
The World ◽  
Mutual Obligation ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Communal Responsibility ◽  
Do So

This chapter describes thanatopography as the drawing of a map of death, not the writing of a death. When new technologies respatialize the world, thanatopography teaches that they do so not because they construct a communicative network but instead because they build and distribute sites of machinic killing. In discussing Norbert Wiener's insistence on seeing the planet as a world of Belsen and Hiroshima, thanatopography pares back the presumed connection between technology and humanity, exposing something quite frightening underneath the network. A vision of the world that presumes no common similarities among people and peoples is a vertiginous vision that must see shared connections among extant technologies, not only telecommunication and computation but also war, racism, and dehumanizing labor. Communal responsibility and mutual obligation survive amid such technologies as ethical codes that negotiate difference rather than attempting to transcend it. But they also require a reckoning with very real legacies of twentieth-century machines. In place of the smooth-functioning global network, thanatopography offers a spatio-temporal figuration of mass death.

Contemporary Echoes of the World Soul

2021 ◽  
pp. 320-342
Author(s):  
Valia Allori
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Hard Problem ◽  
Quantum Theories ◽  
The World ◽  
The Hard Problem ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Way

Quantum mechanics is a groundbreaking theory: it not only is extraordinarily empirically adequate but also is claimed to having shattered the classical paradigm of understanding the observer-observed distinction as well as the part-whole relation. This, together with other quantum features, has been taken to suggest that quantum theory can help one understand the mind-body relation in a unique way, in particular to solve the hard problem of consciousness along the lines of panpsychism. In this chapter, after having briefly presented panpsychism, Valia Allori discusses the main features of quantum theories and the way in which the main quantum theories of consciousness use them to account for conscious experience.

David Brown's Divine Humanity

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
Kathryn Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Primary Indication ◽  
The World ◽  
The Trinity ◽  
The Way

The contributions of this fine book are many but I will concentrate on three, before turning to several more critical remarks.First, and most obviously, the book does the invaluable service of surveying developments in kenotic christology in the nineteenth century while situating them nicely in their different contexts of origin and with reference to lines of mutual influence: continental, Scottish and British trends are all canvassed rather masterfully. Some attention, in lesser detail, is also given to the way these christological trends are extended in the twentieth century to accounts of the Trinity and God's relation to the world generally: kenosis, the self-emptying or self-limiting action of God, in the incarnation, is now viewed as a primary indication of who God is and how God works, from creation to salvation.

scholarly journals The foundational problem of logic

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gila Sher
Keyword(s):  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Philosophical Foundation ◽  
Formal Aspect ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Normativity Of Logic ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Foundational Problem ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe construction of a systematic philosophical foundation for logic is a notoriously difficult problem. In Part One I suggest that the problem is in large part methodological, having to do with the common philosophical conception of “providing a foundation”. I offer an alternative to the common methodology which combines a strong foundational requirement (veridical justification) with the use of non-traditional, holistic tools to achieve this result. In Part Two I delineate an outline of a foundation for logic, employing the new methodology. The outline is based on an investigation of why logic requires a veridical justification, i.e., a justification which involves the world and not just the mind, and what features or aspect of the world logic is grounded in. Logic, the investigation suggests, is grounded in the formal aspect of reality, and the outline proposes an account of this aspect, the way it both constrains and enables logic (gives rise to logical truths and consequences), logic's role in our overall system of knowledge, the relation between logic and mathematics, the normativity of logic, the characteristic traits of logic, and error and revision in logic.

scholarly journals The Theory of Thinking and the Capacity to Mentalize: A Comparison of Fonagy's and Bion's Models

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Mantilla Lagos
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Developmental Line ◽  
The Way

This paper presents a comparison of two psychoanalytic models of how human beings learn to use their mental capacities to know meaningfully about the world. The first, Fonagy's model of mentalization, is concerned with the development of a self capable of reflecting upon its own and others' mental states, based on feelings, thoughts, intentions, and desires. The other, Bion's model of thinking, is about the way thoughts are dealt with by babies, facilitating the construction of a thinking apparatus within a framework of primitive ways of communication between mother and baby. The theories are compared along three axes: (a) an axis of the theoretical and philosophical backgrounds of the models; (b) an axis of the kind of evidence that supports them; and (c) the third axis of the technical implications of the ideas of each model. It is concluded that, although the models belong to different theoretical and epistemological traditions and are supported by different sorts of evidence, they may be located along the same developmental line using an intersubjective framework that maintains tension between the intersubjective and the intrapsychic domains of the mind.

scholarly journals The Way of the Warrior in Interwar Japan

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First World War ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
First World ◽  
The Way

In the 1860s, Japan was pulled out of its centuries-long isolation and forced to rapidly adapt to the industrialized world. The state quickly made friends with the more established Western powers and was able to impress them with its surprising miliary victories over China in 1895, Russia in 1905, and Germany in 1919. However, the goodwill that Japan had garnered with the West evaporated after the First World War. How could a nation so adept at modern militarism and economics alienate every friend it had in the span of 25 years? The answer stems from Japan's long feudal age; in the twentieth century, Japan was unable to reconcile feudal concepts of Bushidō and Shinto with emerging Wilsonian idealism, leading to a fundamental disconnect that drove the Japanese down the path to confrontation with the nations that had ushered it into the modern era.

More than a Body

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lambros Malafouris ◽  
Maria Danae Koukouti
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Material Engagement Theory ◽  
Material World ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Engagement Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
Material Engagement ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Way

Merging notions of materiality and intercorporeality is becoming increasingly important in archaeology and anthropology, as material culture has brought the materiality of bodies and the materiality of things back to the center of attention. Material Engagement Theory (MET) offers a new approach to the study of the nature of interactions and relational transactions of people and things as well as understanding their role in shaping the mind. Using the example of pottery making, this paper explores how the material world now becomes an inseparable component of the way we think; mind and matter are one and must be studied as such. This is a new emphasis on the priority of material engagement as a prereflexive, preverbal capacity for basic thought through, with, and about things which emerges from our bodily engagement with the world. It resonates, extends, and complements the concept of “intercorporeality” (intercorporéité) as advanced by French philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty.

scholarly journals POLICING, ‘SCIENCE’, AND THE CURIOUS CASE OF PHOTO-FIT

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1007-1031
Author(s):  
PAUL LAWRENCE
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The World ◽  
Proven Efficacy ◽  
Criminal Suspects ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Facial Identification ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis article analyses the curious development and subsequent refinement of the Photo-FIT system for the identification of criminal suspects, used by police forces around the world from the 1970s. Situating Photo-FIT in a succession of other technologies of identification, it demonstrates that, far from representing the onward march of science and technology (and the way in which both were harnessed to the power of the state in the twentieth century), Photo-FIT was the brainchild of an idiosyncratic entrepreneur wedded to increasingly outmoded notions of physiognomy. Its adoption by the Home Office was primarily determined by the particular context of the later 1960s, and its continued use owed more to vested interest and energetic promotion than to scientific underpinnings or proven efficacy. It did, however, in the longer term, provide the impetus for the development of a new sub-field of psychology and pave the way for the development of increasingly sophisticated facial identification technologies still used today. Overall, the article demonstrates the long persistence of physiognomic thinking in twentieth-century Britain, the way in which new technology is socially constructed, and the persuasive power of ‘pseudo-science’.

Fugitive Figures

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-84
Author(s):  
Mary Franklin-Brown
Keyword(s):  
Medieval Literature ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Gilbert Simondon ◽  
The Way

Abstract Through a study of early French romances, especially the Conte de Floire et Blancheflor and Alexandre de Paris’s Roman d’Alexandre, this essay offers a new approach to the automaton in medieval literature. Bruno Latour’s plural ontology, which elaborates on the earlier work of Gilbert Simondon and Étienne Souriau, provides a way to break down the division between the human mind and the world (and hence the mind and the machine), offering a rich understanding of the way in which the beings of technology [TEC], fiction [FIC], and religion [REL] act in concert upon us to inspire our desire for technological fictions.

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