Writing an Empirical Research Article

This paper explains a combination of genre-based knowledge and evaluative stance in the context of academic arguments used in the conclusion sections of Malay research articles. For this purpose, it draws on an analysis of the features in Appraisal theory (Martin & Rose, 2003) together with a move analysis (Swales, 1990, 2004). The data comprises empirical research articles. The conformity with the standard IMRD (Introduction- Method- Results- Discussion) is taken as the ﬁrst similar feature when selecting the set of empirical research articles from the selected journals. Among others, the ﬁndings observe that evaluative stances produce rhetorical effects in Malay conclusions. When taking a stance, both the evoked Attitudes and inscribed Attitudes are employed. A closer examination shows that the evoked Attitudes and inscribed Attitudes are either used separately or simultaneously to realize a move.

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Accountability in Adult Basic Education: The Marginalization of Adults with Difficulty Reading

Journal of Literacy Research ◽

10.1177/1086296x20986910 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 53-74

Author(s):

Amy Pickard

Keyword(s):

Instructional Practices ◽

Empirical Research ◽

Basic Education ◽

Adult Basic Education ◽

Publicly Funded ◽

Research Article ◽

Accountability Policy ◽

Literacy Services ◽

The Impact

Federal accountability policies requiring rapid, measurable outcomes have increasingly shaped the nature and type of public literacy services available to adults. However, little empirical research has explored the impact of accountability policies on program practice in adult basic education, and almost no research has focused on the effect on services for adults who have difficulty reading. This ethnographically grounded research article explores one publicly funded adult basic education program’s efforts to comply with federal accountability policy and the impact these efforts had on services for adults with difficulty reading. Findings suggest that efforts to comply with accountability policies resulted in instructional practices that limited students’ opportunities for substantive engagement with reading and in program policies that excluded students who did not produce outcomes from participation. The findings also suggest that in the context of accountability pressures, student marginalization became normalized as an ordinary part of practice.

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Typology of career trajectories and motivation of their choice by teachers of higher education institutions

University Management Practice and Analysis ◽

10.15826/umpa.2021.03.027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 56-69

Author(s):

G. Z. Efimova

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Empirical Research ◽

Work Experience ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Career Trajectory ◽

Academic Field ◽

Career Trajectories ◽

Research Article ◽

Career Strategies

This research article presents a typology of career trajectories for higher educational institutions’ teachers and examines their motives of a potential change in a career trajectory, their willingness to move to work in another university or leave the academic field. The motives for choosing a career path are systematized and ranked. There was carried out an empirical research using the method of semi-structured interviews with 108 professors and managerial staff representatives of Russian universities. The informants were selected according to gender, age, industry characteristics, their working experience in higher education and positions held.The results of the study identified three categories of workers: loyal to their organization (not meaning to change their working place and sphere of interests); dedicated to the profession (admitting a transfer to another university, but not planning to leave the academic field); and change-oriented (considering the possibility of choosing another job – outside the academic sector). The empirical research has shown that teachers with extensive work experience are most willing to change their current jobs.The originality of the study lies in developing a typology of career trajectories for teachers and in clarifying key motivations within the subgroups included in the typology presented, as well as in using a qualitative method for studying career trajectories in relation to scientific and pedagogical workers. A qualitative analysis of career strategies made it possible to analytically assess the informants’ opinions.The article is of interest to the higher education researchers involved in the process of personnel management and in training scientific and pedagogical workers. It will also be useful for heads of HR departments and for HEI vice-rectors dealing with personnel issues.

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Editorial

Contention ◽

10.3167/cont.2018.060201 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. v-vii

Author(s):

Benjamin Abrams ◽

Giovanni A. Travaglino

Keyword(s):

Empirical Research ◽

Contentious Politics ◽

Broad Sense ◽

Scholarly Work ◽

Research Article ◽

The Subject

Just as there are many repertoires of contention, there are also many repertoires of scholarship. Much of our writing on contentious politics utilizes one specific repertoire: the empirical research article. And yet, there is a plurality of forms through which we can advance scholarly knowledge on the subject of protest. This issue was devised, in a broad sense, as a celebration of that plurality. The articles in this issue offer a smorgasbord of scholarly work, highlighting the breadth of scholarly tactics that are available to academics and practitioners in the field of contentious politics.

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Action Research as a Meta-Methodology in the Management Field

International Journal of Qualitative Methods ◽

10.1177/1609406920917489 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 160940692091748

Author(s):

Amaya Erro-Garcés ◽

José A. Alfaro-Tanco

Keyword(s):

Action Research ◽

Empirical Research ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Research Study ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Business Management ◽

Research Article ◽

Definition Of ◽

Business And Management

Although it was first developed in the field of psychology, action research is a methodology of growing importance in business and management contexts. In this research article, we focus on a significant aspect of action research: the variety of methodologies that can be used jointly in an action research study and its relationships. More specifically, the aim of this study is to underscore the definition of action research as a meta-methodology that encompasses different ways of carrying out empirical research. To this end, we perform a meta-analysis of articles discussing empirical research that used an action research methodology. The meta-analysis is based on a systematic review of articles published between 2000 and 2018. The main findings suggest that action research may be regarded as a multidisciplinary method and that it can be implemented jointly with other methodologies; not just qualitative methods but also quantitative research. Consequently, action research may now be defined as a meta-methodology or an umbrella process. In this way, action research is a tool whose implementation ought to be promoted in the business/management field as a way of enhancing relevant, rigorous empirical studies and serving as a framework reference in projects based on research and practice contribution as well as active collaboration between researchers and practitioners.

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Selecting the Optimal FM System for Children With Cochlear Implants

Perspectives on Hearing and Hearing Disorders in Childhood ◽

10.1044/hhdc18.1.19 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

Erin C. Schafer

Keyword(s):

Speech Recognition ◽

Cochlear Implants ◽

Empirical Research ◽

Background Noise ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Signal To Noise ◽

Speech Processor ◽

System Input ◽

Optimal Type

Children who use cochlear implants experience significant difficulty hearing speech in the presence of background noise, such as in the classroom. To address these difficulties, audiologists often recommend frequency-modulated (FM) systems for children with cochlear implants. The purpose of this article is to examine current empirical research in the area of FM systems and cochlear implants. Discussion topics will include selecting the optimal type of FM receiver, benefits of binaural FM-system input, importance of DAI receiver-gain settings, and effects of speech-processor programming on speech recognition. FM systems significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio at the child's ear through the use of three types of FM receivers: mounted speakers, desktop speakers, or direct-audio input (DAI). This discussion will aid audiologists in making evidence-based recommendations for children using cochlear implants and FM systems.

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The Impact of Visual Feedback Type on the Mastery of Visuo-Motor Transformations

Zeitschrift für Psychologie ◽

10.1027/2151-2604/a000084 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 220 (1) ◽

pp. 3-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sandra Sülzenbrück

Keyword(s):

Empirical Research ◽

Visual Feedback ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Motor Planning ◽

Visual Input ◽

Closed Loop Control ◽

Loop Control ◽

Feedback Type ◽

Effective Use ◽

The Impact

For the effective use of modern tools, the inherent visuo-motor transformation needs to be mastered. The successful adjustment to and learning of these transformations crucially depends on practice conditions, particularly on the type of visual feedback during practice. Here, a review about empirical research exploring the influence of continuous and terminal visual feedback during practice on the mastery of visuo-motor transformations is provided. Two studies investigating the impact of the type of visual feedback on either direction-dependent visuo-motor gains or the complex visuo-motor transformation of a virtual two-sided lever are presented in more detail. The findings of these studies indicate that the continuous availability of visual feedback supports performance when closed-loop control is possible, but impairs performance when visual input is no longer available. Different approaches to explain these performance differences due to the type of visual feedback during practice are considered. For example, these differences could reflect a process of re-optimization of motor planning in a novel environment or represent effects of the specificity of practice. Furthermore, differences in the allocation of attention during movements with terminal and continuous visual feedback could account for the observed differences.

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Which Data to Meta-Analyze, and How?

Zeitschrift für Psychologie ◽

10.1027/2151-2604/a000357 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 227 (1) ◽

pp. 64-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Martin Voracek ◽

Michael Kossmeier ◽

Ulrich S. Tran

Keyword(s):

Empirical Research ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Curve Analysis ◽

Research Progress ◽

Primary Data ◽

Statistical Procedures ◽

Graphical Displays ◽

Primary Data Analysis ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Data Analytic

Abstract. Which data to analyze, and how, are fundamental questions of all empirical research. As there are always numerous flexibilities in data-analytic decisions (a “garden of forking paths”), this poses perennial problems to all empirical research. Specification-curve analysis and multiverse analysis have recently been proposed as solutions to these issues. Building on the structural analogies between primary data analysis and meta-analysis, we transform and adapt these approaches to the meta-analytic level, in tandem with combinatorial meta-analysis. We explain the rationale of this idea, suggest descriptive and inferential statistical procedures, as well as graphical displays, provide code for meta-analytic practitioners to generate and use these, and present a fully worked real example from digit ratio (2D:4D) research, totaling 1,592 meta-analytic specifications. Specification-curve and multiverse meta-analysis holds promise to resolve conflicting meta-analyses, contested evidence, controversial empirical literatures, and polarized research, and to mitigate the associated detrimental effects of these phenomena on research progress.

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