Harlem Pimps’ Reflections on Quitting: External and Internal Reasons

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-54
Author(s):  
Amber Horning ◽  
Lyndsay Thompson ◽  
Christopher Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Internal Reasons

Developing a Philosophy of Scientific Advancement in Muhammadiyah Higher Education Institutions Based on Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan (AIK) Principles

Afkaruna ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsul Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Broad Definition ◽  
Internal Reasons ◽  
Scientific Advancement ◽  
Scientific Philosophy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Learning Institutions

This article addresses critical ideas about constructing scientific philosophy within the Muhammadiyah and ‘Aisyiyah Higher Learning Institutions (PTMA) circles through the concept of integrating Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan (Islam and Muhammadiyah Principles), abbreviated as AIK, into the process of developing knowledge and science. Thus, the author provides a broad definition of AIK and distinguishes it into three main aspects. In the next step, the author explains two reasons for developing scientific philosophy in PTMA, including internal reasons in Muhammadiyah and Islam and external ones related to the development of modern science. Consequently, two approaches can be applied to integrate AIK into scientific development through objective and subjective approaches. In definition, the objective approach is a way of dealing with the issues through analyzing and re-building the structure of science it including paradigm (ontology), theories and methods (epistemology), and applications (axiology). In contrast, the subjective approach is the enrichment of the scientist through considering science and religion as complementary instead of contradictory.

scholarly journals Founders, Families, and Futures: Perspectives on the Accountability of Australian Private Ancillary Funds

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Williamson ◽  
Belinda Luke ◽  
Diana Leat ◽  
Craig Furneaux
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Public Reporting ◽  
Public Disclosure ◽  
Strong Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
Public Purpose ◽  
Internal Reasons ◽  
Nonprofit Accountability ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Philanthropic Foundation

This research explores perspectives on the accountability of Private Ancillary Funds (PAFs), a type of Australian endowed philanthropic foundation. PAFs are relatively new giving structures that have experienced strong growth over the past 15 years. With limited regulatory obligations and exemptions available from public reporting, PAFs have discretion in various forms of public accountability. Using Ebrahim’s conceptual framework of nonprofit accountability, this study explores PAF accountability in terms of to whom, for what, how, and why, examining tensions between PAFs’ private form and public purpose. Through in-depth interviews with managers and trustees of 10 PAFs, findings reveal that PAFs engage in accountability for internal reasons relating to their mission and purpose, and their desire to lead others in philanthropy. PAFs are influenced by philanthropic peers, in particular other PAFs; but their accountability does not necessarily include public disclosure or transparency. Four variations to Ebrahim’s accountability framework are proposed.

Confronting stereotypic biases: Does internal versus external motivational framing matter?

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 930-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mason D. Burns ◽  
Margo J. Monteith
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
Internal Reasons ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Matching Hypothesis

We investigated whether confrontations of intergroup bias that had an external (e.g., emphasizing social norms) versus internal (e.g., emphasizing values) motivational framing differentially reduced subsequent stereotyping. Internally and externally framed confrontations reduced stereotyping equally compared to a control condition, both immediately (Experiments 1 and 2) and across a 2- to 3-day delay (Experiment 1). Only weak evidence was found for a “matching hypothesis” when participants own chronic internal and external motivations to respond without prejudice were assessed. Confrontation framing did not interact with chronic motivations to affect stereotyping in Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, participants highly internally motivated to respond without bias reduced bias most with an internally framed confrontation, whereas participants who were not motivated for internal reasons reduced bias most with an externally framed confrontation. Finally, whereas both motivational framings reduced stereotyping, simply pointing bias out did not. Thus, providing some motivational framing is important for confrontation effectiveness.

Halal food standard implementation: are Malaysian firms proactive or reactive?

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 1330-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Syazwan Ab Talib ◽  
Thoo Ai Chin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Internal Reasons ◽  
Food Standard ◽  
Operational Improvement ◽  
Halal Food ◽  
External Reasons

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the reasons behind halal food standard (HFS) implementation among food manufacturers in Malaysia. Additionally, it examines whether firms in the Malaysian food manufacturing industry are proactive or reactive in implementing HFS. Design/methodology/approach A field survey was conducted in 210 halal-certified food manufacturers. A partial least squares structural equation modeling technique was used to examine the relationships between the reasons and implementation of HFS. Findings The empirical assessments revealed that organization’s commitment, operational improvement and marketing functions are the internal reasons. Meanwhile, government intervention and consumer pressure are the external reasons to implement HFS. Findings also indicated that Malaysian food manufacturers are proactive in implementing HFS. Practical implications The knowledge from this research could encourage non-certified firms to implement HFS and entices halal-certified firms to remain certified. It guides managers toward adopting a better strategy, particularly in prioritizing the internal factors and resources for a more sustainable and positive implication. Originality/value This research is among the few studies that scrutinized the rationale behind the rapid growth of halal food industry. It argues that the pursuit of HFS is not solely a religious obligation, but it is also driven by safety, quality and marketing motives.

Internal Reasons: Reply to Brady, Van Roojen and Gert

2003 ◽  
Vol 53 (213) ◽  
pp. 573-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Internal Reasons

Research on Coarse-Grained Soil Collapsibility in Gobi Region

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 1450-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Hong Nie ◽  
Kun Li ◽  
Jian Xia
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Internal Reasons ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Coarse Grained Soil

This paper has carried out soaking load test, routine soil test, X diffraction, scanning electron microscopy on coarse-grained soil in Gobi region, analyzed the coarse-grained soil collapsibility and explored the mechanism of collapsibility generation. The results showed that: the coarse-grained soil in Gobi region had a high degree of collapsibility; mineral composition, microstructure and salinity constituted the main internal reasons resulting in such phenomenon. In soaking conditions, the cementation strengthen between grains reduces, the structure is damaged under external force and the grain movement leads to greater settlement.

scholarly journals LEXICAL CHANGE CAUSES OF JAVANESE LANGUAGE IN DELI SERDANG REGENCY.

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 286-296
Author(s):  
Wariyati, Sutikno
Keyword(s):  
Social Factor ◽  
Cultural Factor ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Internal Reasons ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lexical Change ◽  
Wide Definition ◽  
Environmental Causes ◽  
Definition Of

This qualitative research addresses the lexical change in Javanese language, which is aimed at  explaining the lexical change reasons of Javanese language in Deli Serdang Regency. The transmigration process as the main aspects of creating Javanese language changes into variety accent and invite more action for the revitalization of language. The empirical materials were thoroughly and well-gathered from the document and interview. The highly critical and systematic analysis with ‘Miles and Huberman Model’ reveals that Javanese language in Deli Serdang Regency changes. This research has drawn the following reasons of lexical changes of Javanese language in Deli Serdang Regency were linguistic causes, historical, environmental causes and psychological causes. The internal reasons are homonym (words which have the same phonemic structure but different meanings), phonetic attrition (the variations of meanings due to the sound change), and shortening. On the other hand, external factors are historical or social. Nevertheless, the social factor of lexical change pointed out is about cultural factor due to the wide definition of social factor itself, which might be cultural, historical, economic,ect. In addition, the reasons of language changes for language split and language borrowing are recognizable on this phenomenon since the Javanese language of Deli Serdang Regency has diversity in classifying of dialect.

scholarly journals THE CLAN ASPECT OF THE SOMALI PIRATIC PROBLEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-196
Author(s):  
S. A. MANENKOV
Keyword(s):  
External Solution ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Internal Reasons

This research paper investigates issue of infl uence clan relationships for piracy development on the Horn of Africa. Author contemplates that presence of stable internal links in Somali impedes possible external solution of the piracy problem. Therefore, the identifi cation structural interrelationships within the Somali society could be important both for understanding of the political and socio-economic situation in the region and also it will promote full understanding of internal reasons of piracy problem on the Horn of Africa.

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