SMUGGLING AS A THREAT TO THE CUSTOMS SECURITY OF THE STATE

The article reveals the essence of the concepts of «customs security» and «smuggling». It is established that the main threat to the customs security of Ukraine is the prevalence of smuggling schemes. Analyzed the volume of foreign trade turnover, the volume of «commodity» smuggling, the amount of state budget losses due to the existence of smuggling schemes. The main external and internal reasons for the spread of smuggling schemes were disclosed. The main consequences of the spread of smuggling for the economy of the country are characterized. Measures to combat smuggling schemes are proposed.

Denoising electromyogram and electroencephalogram signals using improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise

The health of the brain and muscles depends on the proper analysis of electroencephalogram and electromyogram signals without noise. The latter blends into the recording of biomedical signals for external or internal reasons of the human body. Therefore, to obtain a more accurate signal, it is needed to select filtering techniques that minimize the noise. In this study, the techniques used are empirical mode decomposition and its variants. Among the new versions of variants is the improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise. These methods are applied to electroencephalogram and electromyogram signals corrupted by natural noise and white Gaussian noise. The obtained results through the use of the improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noises how the high performance that includes minimizing the noise and the effectiveness of the components of the signals used in the present research. This method has low values of the mean square error and high values of signal-to-noise ratio compared to other methods used in this study.

Developing a Philosophy of Scientific Advancement in Muhammadiyah Higher Education Institutions Based on Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan (AIK) Principles

This article addresses critical ideas about constructing scientific philosophy within the Muhammadiyah and ‘Aisyiyah Higher Learning Institutions (PTMA) circles through the concept of integrating Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan (Islam and Muhammadiyah Principles), abbreviated as AIK, into the process of developing knowledge and science. Thus, the author provides a broad definition of AIK and distinguishes it into three main aspects. In the next step, the author explains two reasons for developing scientific philosophy in PTMA, including internal reasons in Muhammadiyah and Islam and external ones related to the development of modern science. Consequently, two approaches can be applied to integrate AIK into scientific development through objective and subjective approaches. In definition, the objective approach is a way of dealing with the issues through analyzing and re-building the structure of science it including paradigm (ontology), theories and methods (epistemology), and applications (axiology). In contrast, the subjective approach is the enrichment of the scientist through considering science and religion as complementary instead of contradictory.

Mentality as Category of Social Philosophy in the Post-Pandemic Society

The concept of mentality in the context of today's post-pandemic society, its role in the development of historical and socio-postmodern scientific thought are analyzed. Its correlation with other categories has been determined, revealing phenomena that are close in meaning. Revealed the significance of the category of mentality for the study of the development of society.Mentality as a system is a categorical characteristic of a nation, and hence of a society, the core of which is a given nation. The study of mentality allows us to understand the internal relationships in society identify the internal reasons for the development of society and do praxeological research. The analysis of mentality within the framework of social philosophy cannot be limited to a certain time period (era), this category characterizes the nation and society at the present stage, accumulating in itself all the historical influences and changes projected at the present.The article examines the phenomenon of mentality as a system of internal deep-psychological socio-cultural attitudes of the individual. The article considers and substantiates a mental approach to understanding the phenomena of socially individual life. The philosophical and educational aspects of the formation of personality mentality and the main "problematic sides" of modern education through the prism of the mental approach are actualized.

“The old burden” of subjectivity in criticism of L. Feuerbach and Junghegelianer

The article is devoted to the consideration of key aspects of the socio-political meaning and direction of the philosophical and theological doctrine of the Junghegelianer. The nomination of philosophy as the “mother of sciences”, combining the old metaphysics and new dialectic, to the center of the social “agenda” is explained both by internal reasons (split in the Hegel “school”, competition from positivism, renaissance of theological thought), and the impact of external factors. The problem of understanding “subjectivity” in the philosophical critique of the 1840s, which turned out to be a stumbling block for many panellists, is explored; the categorical content of the concept has not been clarified. The task is to identify the basic characteristics of such widely interpreted “subjectivity” and clarify the positions of the parties. Replacing the speculative practices of the “old” Kantian school with intellectual (going from Schelling) “procedures” of philosophizing formed a completely new philosophical paradigm of a different era. The revolution of 1848 updated many philosophical ideas, filling them with social content. The conclusions state the contradiction and a certain eclecticism of the philosophical designs of the Junghegelianer.

ANCIENT HISTORY AND NEW PUBLICISM: ABOUT SEARCHING FOR A NARRATIVE IN THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE STALIN TIME

The article discusses the features of the genesis and functioning of a special type of historical narrative in Soviet scholarship, which gained particular strength in the 1930s and gradually exhausted by the late 1940s. For convenience of characterization, the author focuses on Soviet works about ancient history and analyzes the main attitudes of their authors (“old” Marxists, scholars who coverted to Marxism, and the Soviet generation of historians), and the reasons and features of their appeal to the genre of historical and journalistic narratives about the past eras. This type of narrative is therefore associated with the formation and flowering of the Stalinist regime. The changes of the 1930s are all the more remarkable as we can compare the style of historians who wrote before and after this time. Using the examples of A. Tyumenev or B. Bogaevsky, the reader can see how respectful and loyal attitude to foreign scholarship was replaced by loud criticism of the limitations of “bourgeois” historians, in whose works Soviet historians certainly found features of “reactionary”. On the example of the books by N.I. Nedelsky and A.V. Mishulin, the author shows how historians who did not engage in scholarship before the revolution took the same path. In conclusion, the author gives the general characteristics of the genre, as well as an explanation of why it was doomed to gradual self-exhaustion, not only because it depended on external (political) but also because it was influenced by internal reasons.

Integrated approach to the research of risks in the field of ecological and fire safety of port technology complexes

В работе исследуется возможность интеграции различных инструментов анализа рисков с целью повышения эффективности исследования экологических, технологических и пожарных рисков портовых технологических комплексов (ПТК). Рассматривается возможность совместного применения таких инструментов исследования рисков как: исследование опасности и работоспособности (HAZOP), анализ видов и последствий отказов (FMEA), предварительный анализ опасностей (HAZID), анализ «Галстук-Бабочка» (Bow-Tie) и анализ первопричины (RCA). Рассмотрены наиболее рациональные методы исследования влияния внешних и внутренних причин функционирования ПТК на возникновение экологических, технологических и пожарных рисков. Показано, что совместное использование инструментов анализа риска может дать синергетический эффект и позволяет повысить результативность систем, решающих задачи обеспечения безопасного функционирования ПТК. Предложен алгоритм интеграции инструментов исследования рисков ПТК, возникновение которых обусловлено влиянием внутренних причин. Предложенный в работе подход к интеграции инструментов исследования рисков создает условия для разработки прикладных систем поддержки принятия решений, которые реализуют управление на основе рисков, что позволяет практически реализовать концепции риск-ориентированного управления в сфере транспортной, экологической и пожарной безопасности. In work the ability to integrate different instruments of risk analysis for the purpose of increase in efficiency of the research of environmental, technological and fire risks of the port technology complexes (PTC) is investigated. The possibility of combined use of such tools of the research of risks as is considered: research of danger and working capacity (HAZOP), analysis of types and effects of failures (FMEA), preliminary analysis of dangers (HAZID), analysis of Bow-Tie and analysis of the prime cause (RCA). The most rational methods of the research of influence of the external and internal reasons of functioning of PTC on emergence of environmental, technological and fire risks are considered. It is shown that sharing of instruments of risk analysis can give synergy effect and allows to increase effectiveness of the systems solving problems of ensuring safe functioning of PTC. The algorithm of integration of tools of the research of risks of PTC which emergence is caused by influence of the internal reasons is offered. The approach to integration of tools of the research of risks offered in work creates conditions for development of applied decision making support systems which implement management on the basis of risks that the risk - the oriented management in the field of transport, ecological and fire safety allows to implement practically concepts.

FORMATION OF STUDENT LEARNING MOTIVATION IN AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

The article theoretically analyzes the motivation of students learning, identifies the prerequisites and the ways of possible increasing of the motivation's level of students' learning in an agricultural institution of higher education. This article is one of the stages to research student's youth, the level of student's motivation for learning specialized and general subjects. External and internal reasons for the decrease in the level of motivation are considered, as well as methodical recommendations are given to teachers to increase the level of motivation of students' learning.

Bernard Williams as a Philosopher of Ethical Freedom

Interpreting Bernard Williams’s ethical philosophy is not easy. His style is deceptively conversational; apparently direct, yet argumentatively inexplicit and allusive. He is moreover committed to evading ready-made philosophical “-isms.” All this reinforces the already distinct impression that the structure of his philosophy is a web of interrelated commitments where none has unique priority. Against this impression, however, I will venture that the contours of his philosophy become clearest if one considers that there is a single, unchanging root conviction from which his ethical philosophy grows. Despite the perpetual motion of his philosophical thought—its erudition, originality, range, and unceasing forward momentum—still, I contend, there is something unchanging at the heart of it. I will show this by reference to three signature theses: internal reasons, the relativism of distance, and the porous borders of philosophy and history. I will argue that the root conviction of which these are the fruits is the conviction that the constraints of universal rationality seriously underdetermine how one should live. This, I believe, is the vision of the human ethical condition that constitutes the largely inexplicit yet utterly fundamental presupposition beneath Williams’s ethical philosophy taken as a whole. I label the object of this root conviction ethical freedom, and thus portray Williams as a philosopher of ethical freedom.