DUI Deterrence, Treatment, and Mechanical Control Measures

2021 ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
Julian B. Roebuck ◽  
Komanduri S. Murty
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Mechanical Control

scholarly journals The Establishment and Rapid Spread of Sagittaria Platyphylla in South Africa

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1472
Author(s):  
Mpilonhle S. Ndlovu ◽  
Julie A. Coetzee ◽  
Menzi M. Nxumalo ◽  
Reshnee Lalla ◽  
Ntombifuthi Shabalala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Mechanical Control ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Control Option ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Lotic System

Sagittaria platyphylla Engelm. (Alismataceae) is a freshwater aquatic macrophyte that has become an important invasive weed in freshwater systems in South Africa, New Zealand, Australia, and recently China. In South Africa, due to its rapid increase in distribution and ineffective control options, it is recognised as one of the country’s worst invasive aquatic alien plants. In this paper, we investigate the spread of the plant since its first detection in 2008, and the management strategies currently carried out against it. Despite early detection and rapid response programmes, which included chemical and mechanical control measures, the plant was able to spread both within and between sites, increasing from just one site in 2008 to 72 by 2019. Once introduced into a lotic system, the plant was able to spread rapidly, in some cases up to 120 km within 6 years, with an average of 10 km per year. The plant was successfully extirpated at some sites, however, due to the failure of chemical and mechanical control, biological control is currently being considered as a potential control option.

Vegetative growth response of black cherry (Prunus serotina) to different mechanical control methods in a biosphere reserve

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2037-2051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Annighöfer ◽  
Peter Schall ◽  
Heike Kawaletz ◽  
Inga Mölder ◽  
André Terwei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Mechanical Control ◽  
European Forest

We assessed the effectiveness of different management strategies against the non-native invasive tree species black cherry ( Prunus serotina Ehrh.). The species causes substantial management problems in European forest ecosystems, like the Valle del Ticino Biosphere Reserve in Italy, by suppressing the regeneration of native tree species. This can modify ecological key processes and cause biodiversity loss. Since chemical and biological control has mainly been abandoned in European forest ecosystem management, mechanical control measures are presently the preferred option to proceed against the black cherry but have shown very limited results in the reserve. The aim was to control the success of felling the species and to test other mechanical control methods such as girdling and snapping the trees with regard to their efficiency by quantifying the species’ growth reactions. For this purpose, observational studies were conducted in two forest stands of which one was treated in 1996 and the other more recently in 2009. A subsample of resprouting stumps was treated a second time in 2010 to observe the effect of a direct second cutback. An experimental study was implemented in a third forest stand also in 2010 to compare three different mechanical control methods. The results suggest that felling black cherry is ineffective if the objective is to reduce the species’ abundance because resprouts occur on 100% of the treated trees and biomass increment is not reduced in the long term. Girdling proved to be the most effective treatment across the diameter classes considered.

Temporary Supporting Role of Micro Steel Pipe Piles in Landslide Emergency Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 468-471 ◽  
pp. 2577-2583
Author(s):  
Jin Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Treatment ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Limit Equilibrium ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Steel Pipe ◽  
Mechanical Control ◽  
Pipe Pile ◽  
Limit Equilibrium State ◽  
Steel Pipe Pile

Landslide emergency treatment refers to the engineering technology which makes the landslide deformation under control by taking effective mechanical control measure before sliding. Landslides extensively exist in southwestern China, which represent a direct threat not only to the safety of people and facilities in the landslide front areas, but also to that of the major facilities or houses in the slope or the trailing edge areas. While the landslide now has been in the limit equilibrium state, which is very sensitive to external factors; mechanical control measures, such as earth-retaining walls and anti-slide piles, with the disadvantages of mass excavation volume, low construction speed and great interference to the slope, is not conducive to seize the preemptive opportunities of landslide emergency management, to protect the stable and keep the landslide from sliding and temporality protect the major facilities or houses. Hence micro steel pipe pile may after all be accepted as a productive mechanical control measure to, which is simple and easy to carry out and economic and reliable. Taking the example of Wenjialiang landslide emergency repair, this paper studies the important role of micro steel pipe pile in the landslide emergency treatment.

MEASLES OUTBREAK IN A RURAL AREA OF A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: A CASE CONTROL STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Mir M Hassan Bullo ◽  
Mirza Amir Baig ◽  
Jawad Faisal Malik ◽  
Ejaz Ahmad Khan ◽  
Muazam Abbas Ranjha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Maculopapular Rash ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
District Health ◽  
Active Case

Background: Measles is highly contagious vaccine preventable disease (VPD), and a major public health problem considered as leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries like Pakistan. An outbreak of measles was reported in Sharifabad Islamabad on 15th of April 2017, and an investigation was launched to assess the magnitude of outbreak, evaluate risk factors and recommend control measures. Methods: A comprehensive house to house active case search along with vaccine coverage survey was conducted from April 19-22, 2017. A case was defined as "onset of maculopapular rash with fever in a resident of Sharifabad with at least one of the following signs/ symptoms, Coryza, Conjunctivitis, Cough, Otitis media or Pneumonia present in between 19 March to 22nd April 2017". Four age & sex matched controls were selected from the neighborhood. Data was collected through interview method using structured questionnaire and vaccination coverage was determined by using Epi survey form. Blood samples were sent for laboratory confirmation. Results: A total of eight cases were identified through active case finding while three were reported by local practitioner. Mean age of cases were 20 months (range 8-36 months). Severely affected age-group was 1-2 years with attack rate of 46%. Around two-third (64%) of cases and a few (16%) of controls were unvaccinated against measles. Contact with measles patient [OR 25.2, CI 3.9-160.1, P=0.00], unvaccinated children [OR 9.2 CI 2.12-40.4, P=0.000], social misconception regarding vaccination [OR 7.8 CI 1.42-42.6, P=0.00], and distance from healthcare facility [OR 5.7 CI 1.15-28.35, P=0.02] were significant risk factors. Vaccine efficacy was 90%. Conclusion: Main reasons of the outbreak were contact with the cases, and low vaccination status. We recommended comprehensive measles vaccination and community awareness sessions. On our recommendations district health authority Islamabad carried out mop up of whole area.

Knowledge and Awareness of Dengue Fever

2018 ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Y. Arockia Suganthi ◽  
Chitra K. ◽  
J. Magelin Mary
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
And Control

Dengue fever is a painful mosquito-borne infection caused by different types of virus in various localities of the world. There is no particular medicine or vaccine to treat person suffering from dengue fever. Dengue viruses are transmitted by the bite of female Aedes (Ae) mosquitoes. Dengue fever viruses are mainly transmitted by Aedes which can be active in tropical or subtropical climates. Aedes Aegypti is the key step to avoid infection transmission to save millions of people in all over the world. This paper provides a standard guideline in the planning of dengue prevention and control measures. At the same time gives the priorities including clinical management and hospitalized dengue patients have to address essentially.

The methodological approach for the determination of the pressure of artificial raindrops as a question of the theory of splash soil erosion

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Mihail Zver'kov
Keyword(s):  
Block Diagram ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Effective Pressure ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Splash Erosion ◽  
Rain Drops ◽  
Artificial Rain ◽  
The Impact

To the article the results of the theoretical and experimental researches are given on questions of estimates of the dynamic rate effect of raindrop impact on soil. The aim of this work was to analyze the current methods to determine the rate of artificial rain pressure on the soil for the assessment of splash erosion. There are the developed author’s method for calculation the pressure of artificial rain on the soil and the assessment of splash erosion. The study aims to the justification of evaluation methods and the obtaining of quantitative characteristics, prevention and elimination of accelerated (anthropogenic) erosion, the creation and the realization of the required erosion control measures. The paper considers the question of determining the pressure of artificial rain on the soil. At the moment of raindrops impact, there is the tension in the soil, which is called vertical effective pressure. It is noted that the impact of rain drops in the soil there are stresses called vertical effective pressure. The equation for calculation of vertical effective pressure is proposed in this study using the known spectrum of raindrops. Effective pressure was 1.4 Pa for the artificial rain by sprinkler machine «Fregat» and 5.9 Pa for long distance sprinkler DD-30. The article deals with a block diagram of the sequence for determining the effective pressure of rain drops on the soil. This diagram was created by the author’s method of calculation of the effective pressure of rain drops on the soil. The need for an integrated approach to the description of the artificial rain impact on the soil is noted. Various parameters characterizing drop erosion are considered. There are data about the mass of splashed soil in the irrigation of various irrigation machinery and installations. For example, the rate (mass) of splashed soil was 0.28…0.78 t/ha under irrigation sprinkler apparatus RACO 4260–55/701C in the conditions of the Ryazan region. The method allows examining the environmental impact of sprinkler techniques for analyzes of the pressure, caused by raindrops, on the soil. It can also be useful in determining the irrigation rate before the runoff for different types of sprinkler equipment and soil conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document