Dewey, John (1859–1952)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek La Shot
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Education ◽  
William James ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Psychology Laboratory ◽  
Greater Good ◽  
Educational Theorist ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
Over Time

John Dewey was an American philosopher, educational theorist, and one of the three major pragmatists, along with William James and Charles Saunders Peirce. After obtaining a doctorate at Johns Hopkins, he began his academic career at the University of Michigan, where he established a psychology laboratory that studied stimulus reflexes. Later, at the University of Chicago, he turned to the reform of primary and secondary education and founded programs that could better integrate immigrants into American culture. He defended democracy, envisioning it as a sense of community in which the individual interests of all could eventually be understood. Individualism necessitated the appeal to mutual dependence and institutions, which were tested and constantly changed over time for the greater good, in a kind of perpetual scientific experiment. Central to his thinking on education was the notion of experience. Knowledge, he held, was always obtained after reflection upon concrete experiences. In this model, called the "Dewey flux," one generates abstractions (mental ideas) after having concrete experiences. These abstractions in turn then have to be rendered material—Dewey’s version of the "hermeneutic circle." The mission of progressive education, for Dewey, was to get students to become conscious of this perpetual "flux" between concrete experiences and abstractions.

Canada’s changing innovation landscape

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Razib Alam ◽  
Bonwoo Koo ◽  
Brian Paul Cozzarin
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Destination Country ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Patent Classification ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Our objective is to study Canada’s patenting activity over time in aggregate terms by destination country, by assignee and destination country, and by diversification by country of destination. We collect bibliographic patent data from the Canadian Intellectual Property Office and the United States Patent and Trademark Office. We identify 19,957 matched Canada–US patents, 34,032 Canada-only patents, and 43,656 US-only patents from 1980 to 2014. Telecommunications dominates in terms of International Patent Classification technologies for US-only and Canada–US patents. At the firm level, the greatest number of matched Canada–US patents were granted in the field of telecommunications, at the university level in pharmaceuticals, at the government level in control and instrumentation technology, and at the individual level in civil engineering. We use entropy to quantify technological diversification and find that diversification indices decline over time for Canada and the USA; however, all US indices decline at a faster rate.

Heterosexual Partnership Characteristics of University Women

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Lindblade ◽  
B Foxman ◽  
J S Koopman
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
University Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Number Of Sexual Partners ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

In order to assess the individual risk of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), both characteristics of the partnership and the individual should be considered. Partnership characteristics have been used as risk markers for STD transmission but their distribution has not been well described. Using a self-administered questionnaire, we collected information on the partnership characteristics of the 4 most recent sexual partners of the members of 9 university women's social organizations at the University of Michigan. Respondents were asked to report the setting of the first meeting of partners, the length of the presexual relationship, condom use at the first sexual encounter and the total number of sexual encounters within that partnership. We graphically analyse changes in these partnership characteristics with respect to partnership order. As the number of sexual partners increased the women in this population were more likely to report partnership characteristics associated with an increased risk of acquiring an STD. In addition, partnership characteristics varied with the order of the partnership, implying that no single partnership is representative of all others.

Audrey Smedley

2018 ◽  
pp. 126-140
Author(s):  
Janis Faye Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Life Experiences ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Social Scientist ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Manchester

The making of an antiracist anthropologist is explored through the life experiences of a premier social scientist, Audrey Smedley. Examination of her childhood experiences and academic career provide a lens for understanding race and racism in the U S. Smedley earned degrees from the University of Michigan and the University of Manchester in the UK and also studied in Paris. This chapter also gives us a glimpse into the making of her classic Race in North America: Origin and Evolution of a Worldview.

The Evolution and Human Behavior Program at the University of Michigan

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-262
Author(s):  
Barbara Smuts
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
Social Behavior Of Animals

In the Late 1960s and early 1970s, a revolution occurred in evolutionary biology when several investigators, including most notably W. D. Hamilton, R. L. Trivers, and G. C. Williams, began to apply Darwin's theory of natural selection to the social behavior of animals. This new approach to behavior, which came to be known as “sociobiology” after the title of E. O. Wilson's influential 1975 book, was rapidly applied to human, as well as nonhuman, animal behavior. These applications often represented a serious challenge to the theories of the social and behavioral sciences, many of which rested on the assumption that behavior could be profitably analyzed in terms of its effects on the group or species. Sociobiologists, in contrast, argued that an adequate understanding of animal, including human, societies can be gained only by viewing selection as operating at the level of the individual (and sometimes at the level of the gene) rather than at the group level. The resultant controversies continue to this day, and sociobiological approaches to human behavior have had an important impact on anthropology, psychology, and other behavioral sciences, including political science.

Novae in the Magellanic Clouds

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
J.A. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Large Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Magellanic Clouds ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spectroscopic Information ◽  
Objective Prism ◽  
The University ◽  
Small Cloud ◽  
Low Dispersion

During the past several years, a systematic search for novae in the Magellanic Clouds has been carried out at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. The Curtis Schmidt telescope, on loan to CTIO from the University of Michigan is used to obtain plates every two weeks during the observing season. An objective prism is used on the telescope. This provides additional low-dispersion spectroscopic information when a nova is discovered. The plates cover an area of 5°x5°. One plate is sufficient to cover the Small Magellanic Cloud and four are taken of the Large Magellanic Cloud with an overlap so that the central bar is included on each plate. The methods used in the search have been described by Graham and Araya (1971). In the CTIO survey, 8 novae have been discovered in the Large Cloud but none in the Small Cloud. The survey was not carried out in 1974 or 1976. During 1974, one nova was discovered in the Small Cloud by MacConnell and Sanduleak (1974).

Correction: Graduate Education in Chemical Biology at the University of Michigan

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Tonia J. Buchholz ◽  
Bruce Palfey ◽  
Anna K. Mapp ◽  
Gary D. Glick
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Education ◽  
Chemical Biology ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
The University

On the Individual

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
School Psychologist ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Developmental Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

A description of two cases from my time as a school psychologist in the middle of the 1950s forms the background to the following question: Has anything important happened since then in psychological research to help us to a better understanding of how and why individuals think, feel, act, and react as they do in real life and how they develop over time? The studies serve as a background for some general propositions about the nature of the phenomena that concerns us in developmental research, for a summary description of the developments in psychological research over the last 40 years as I see them, and for some suggestions about future directions.

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