Poetical Narratives and Historical Reality: A Study of the Bengali Literature, Fifteenth to Eighteenth Century

2016 ◽  
pp. 314-330
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Bengali Literature

Writing Ideology: Ranavalona, The Ancestral Bureaucrat

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 73-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald M. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Eighteenth

In the late eighteenth century, Imerina was checkered with a myriad of tiny principalities, each ruled from hilltop fortresses. In just fifty years from 1780 to 1830, it was unified under a single ruler, drawing Merina into increasingly wider systems of obedience and creating a vast imperium that held sway over most of the Island of Madagascar, a landmass the size of France, Belgium, and Holland combined.And yet, the half century of tumultuous change that characterized the empire's rise brought no revolution in the Merina's own understanding of the world of power, a view which I have termed hasina ideology. Merina saw historical reality not as the product of human agency, but of ancestral beneficence, hasina, which flowed downwards on obedient Merina from long-dead ancestors in a sacred stream that connected all living Merina. For obedient Merina, politics consisted in nothing more nor less than a lifelong quest to position one's self favorably in that sacred stream as close as possible to ancestors and then to reap the benefits of that cherished association. With the passage of time, the hasina stream flowed into new generations and so generated new social relations expressed in terms of kinship. The vast transformation of the Merina political landscape only enhanced Imerina's devotion to ancestral hasina.The origins of hasina ideology are not known, though by the time Andrianampoinimerina began to unify Imerina in the closing decades of the eighteenth century, its character is clearly perceptible. Andrianampoinimerina's son Radama built on his father's legacy. In the 1820s he transformed Imerina from a small and isolated kingdom into an empire capable of projecting its power over the length and breadth of Madagascar.

The Oxford Handbook of Topic Theory

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Music Theory ◽  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Music Analysis ◽  
Musical Life ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Topical Analysis ◽  
Topic Theory

The concept of topics was introduced into the vocabulary of music scholars by Leonard Ratner to account for cross-references between eighteenth-century styles and genres. The emergence of this phenomenon followed the rapid proliferation and consolidation of stylistic and generic categories. While music theorists and critics classified styles and genres, defining their affects and proper contexts for their usage, composers crossed the boundaries between them, using stylistic conventions as means of communication with the audience. Such topical use of styles and genres out of their proper contexts and their mixtures with other styles and genres became the hallmark of South-German instrumental music, which engulfed the so-called Viennese Classicism. Since this music did not develop its own aesthetics and, in its days, received no adequate critical appraisal, topic theory developed from Ratner’s seminal insight by Wye J. Allanbrook, Kofi Agawu, Robert Hatten, Raymond Monelle, and others can be considered a theory of this music, andThe Oxford Handbook of Topic Theorygoes some way toward reconstructing its aesthetic underpinnings. The volume grounds the concept of topics in eighteenth-century music theory, aesthetics, and criticism; documents historical reality of individual topics on the basis of eighteenth-century sources, traces the origins of topical mixtures to transformations of eighteenth-century musical life, and relates topical analysis to other kinds of music analysis conducted from the perspectives of composers, performers, and listeners. It lays the foundation under further investigation of musical topics in the nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-first centuries.

The Idea of National Opera, c. 1800*

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Leopold
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ◽  
Richard Wagner ◽  
The Other ◽  
German Language ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
National Opera ◽  
Century Thought

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was one of many composers who, during the last quarter of the eighteenth century, thought more and more about a German-language opera. The idea of a German national opera was intensively discussed in Mannheim, and also put into practice with Ignaz Holzbauer's setting of Anton Klein's libretto Günther von Schwarzburg (1777). The idea of the national opera took hold in Europe during the nineteenth century. Is the German national opera, which composers and writers on music from Richard Wagner to Hans Pfitzner see as starting with Christoph Willibald Gluck's Iphigenie auf Tauris and Carl Maria von Weber's Freischütz, a historical reality or a historiographical construct? In order to answer this question, this chapter takes a brief look at the situation of opera around 1800, for only in Germany, and not in the other two leading opera nations, Italy and France, can a development at this time be observed in which the idea of a national opera takes shape.

scholarly journals "Pittura Romeica" in Italy: Artistic transfers across the Adriatic sea (18th - 19th centuries)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Eugenia Drakopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Ionian Islands ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Cultural Exchanges ◽  
East And West ◽  
Religious Painting ◽  
Adriatic Region

The complex historical reality of the Adriatic region, an area located even today on the borderline between East and West, is reflected in the works of religious painting and in the painters’ geographical movements. The art of Orthodox regions was mainly influenced by Venice, but also by the rest of Italy, and, as a result, a unique art emerged in the Ionian Islands, which remained under Venetian control until the end of the eighteenth century. In the course of the eighteenth century, political and economic conditions contributed to the growth of the Orthodox communities in Italy. Their members were interested in the art of the country where they lived and prospered, but they simultaneously wished to preserve the “pittura romeica” in the decorations of churches and in the icons used for their personal worship. From Naples to the cosmopolitan Trieste, Orthodox painters, coming mainly from the Ionian Islands, produced artworks which were adapted to the new surroundings, thereby making the Adriatic region once again a privileged area for cultural exchanges.

Virtù, and Fortuna in Radama's Nascent Bureaucracy, 1816–1828

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 29-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald M. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
The Good Life ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Material Benefits

“I suppose pedigree and land belong to a fine match,” said Deronda coldly. “The best horse will win in spite of pedigree, my boy. You remember Napoleon's moi-je suis ancêtre,” said Sir Hugo, who habitually undervalued birth, as men dining well agree that the good life is distributed with wonderful equality. “I am not sure I want to be an ancestor,” said Deronda. “It doesn't seem the rarest sort of origination.”In the late eighteenth century Imerina was checkered with a myriad of tiny principalities, each ruled from hilltop fortresses. In just fifty years from 1780 to 1830, it was unified under a single ruler, drawing Merina into increasingly wider systems of obedience and creating a vast imperium that held sway over most of the island of Madagascar, a landmass the size of France, Belgium, and Holland combined.And yet, the half century of tumultuous change that characterized the empire's rise brought no revolution in the Merina's own understanding of the world of power, a view which I have termed hasina ideology. Merina saw historical reality as the product not of human agency, but of ancestral beneficence, hasina, which flowed downwards on obedient Merina from long—of dead ancestors in a sacred stream that connected all living Merina. For obedient Merina, politics consisted in nothing more and nothing less than the lifelong quest to position oneself favorably in that sacred stream as close as possible to ancestors and then to reap the material benefits of that cherished association. Ancestors made their pleasure known by bestowing blessings, “superior” hasina, on those who honored them.

Unity and Disunity in Javanese Political and Religious Thought of the Eighteenth Century

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Ricklefs
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Political History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Literature ◽  
Religious Thought ◽  
Middle Years ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Ideal

A central problem in both the political and the intellectual history of Java is the disparity between the ideal of a unified state and the historical reality of fragmented power and authority, between the image and the reality of pre-colonial Javanese political history. An investigation of views held by literati of the kingdom of Mataram before the middle years of the eighteenth century can elucidate this problem. Turning from historical-political to religious literature in Javanese may help to resolve it.

scholarly journals Josafat Kuntsevych and “Marvelous Conversion” of the Patriarch Nikon: The Story of one Legend

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
Margaritа A. Korzo
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Distorted Form

The hagiographic works of the late 17th — first half of the 18th century related to the figure of the first martyr of the Uniate Church in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Josaphat Kuntsevych (1580–1623), describe the “miraculous conversion” of the Patriarch of Moscow Nikon (1605–1681) to Catholicism. This event is associated with Nikon’s profanation of the image of Josaphat, and the subsequent repentance of the Patriarch and his appeal to the intercession of Kuntsevych. The conversion of Nikon, according to the Uniate hagiographers, became the main reason for the subsequent disgrace and detronization of the Patriarch. The description of this “miracle” created around 1672 (Korona złota nad głową zranioną b.m. Iozaphata Kuncewicza, Wilno 1673) is overgrown later with various details and circumstances that are born of rumors and speculations, but also reflect a certain historical reality, albeit in a somewhat distorted form. The article analyzes the latest known version of the “miracle” (S. P. Ważyński, Kazanie na uroczystość Bł. Jozafata Kuncewicza, Wilno 1762) and discusses the stages of different plot lines formation. Assumptions are made about which real events could influenced the folding of the legend, and why this legend is especially actualized in the Uniate hagiography of Kuntsevych in the middle of the eighteenth century.

scholarly journals EMILIO GABBA E L’ANTICHITÀ NEL SETTECENTO

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Cambiano
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
John Adams ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Methods

According to Gabba, the ancient literary texts were essential evidence for the modern historian of antiquity, because they provided a view on how the ancients themselves interpreted their historical reality. But, following the steps of Benedetto Croce and Arnaldo Momigliano, he judged equally essential the history of modern historiography and, more generally, of modern reflections on ancient societies. For this reason the Eighteenth-century appeared to Gabba as particularly relevant, because in this century the reflections on antiquity were strictly and vitally connected to political, social and economic problems of the present, particularly during the American Revolution. Gabba wrote therefore a series of essays on the discussions developed in this century about colonies, federalism and commerce between ancient and moderns and on outstanding intellectuals such as Adam Ferguson and John Adams. For this emphasis on political and economic problems Gabba distinguished himself from the perspective of Momigliano, more interested in questions of historical methods and antiquarianism, and connected much closer to the enquiries of Franco Venturi on European enlightenment.

scholarly journals The Atrides Saga and Power Play: The Dilemma Between Freedom and Death on the Theatrical Scene

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Maria Sgouridou ◽  
Georgios Bitsakos
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Theatrical Production ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Greek Myth ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Ugo Foscolo ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
Power Play

Thyestes’ myth is difficult to read: cruel, abominable, but also multidimensional. And this is why it is adaptable to multiple interpretations, highlighting the different aspects of tyranny within different political, socio-cultural and philosophical contexts during the centuries. Thyestes, the protagonist of the tragedy, serves, with his unique characteristics, as an example to the spectator in order to understand and improve his own situation, even his very existence. First, we will take a look upon the theatrical production by Petros Katsaitis, author of a tragedy based upon this myth in 1721. At that time, Greece does not yet exist as a national state, being under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. Thus, Katsaitis highlights the complex historical reality in which he lives in person. The German author Christian Felix Weiße writes his Atreus und Thyest in 1766 in the philosophical context of Enlightenment, with a focus on the anthropological education of his audience. Ugo Foscolo, being between Italy and Greece, between Neoclassicism and Romanticism, in his Tieste (1797) recalls the memories of modernity’s Ancient Greek roots and re-elaborates the myth by reinvesting it with civil and political sense. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to present three versions of an ancient Greek myth composed during the eighteenth-century in three different regions of Europe in order to highlight the potential impact of this tragedy on the viewer's reception and in relation to the historical-cultural and philosophical trends of the time.

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