THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE EXPRESSION OF FACTORS GOVERNING RUST REACTION IN A CROSS BETWEEN TWO VARIETIES OF TRITICUM VULGARE

1931 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Triticum Vulgare ◽  
Susceptibility Factors ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Genetic Hypothesis

Two random populations of F2 plants of the cross Marquillo × Marquis were tested for the reaction of their F3 seedling progenies to form 21 of Puccinia graminis tritici in the greenhouse, at average daily temperatures of 69.7° F. (the warm test) for one population, and 60.6° F. (the cool test) for the other. In both tests Marquis was susceptible and Marquillo was resistant. In the "warm test" ten families of a total of 781 were resistant. In the "cool test" five families of a total of 301 were susceptible. In both cases the results fitted a 63:1 ratio excellently, indicating the operation of three main genetic factors for rust reaction. A genetic hypothesis is proposed that explains the results on the basis of the influence of low temperature in curtailing the action of three susceptibility factors A, B and C carried by Marquis. The results indicate that genetic studies on characters which are easily influenced by environmental conditions should be made under controlled conditions, after ascertaining in advance the general effects of different temperatures, etc., upon the hybrid material to be used.

Parents of Children with Asperger Syndrome: What is the Cognitive Phenotype?

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Baron-Cohen ◽  
Jessica Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Asperger Syndrome ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Adult Level ◽  
Cognitive Phenotype ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
The Face ◽  
Genetic Hypothesis ◽  
Eye Region

Two cognitive anomalies have been found in autism: a superiority on the Embedded Figures Task and a deficit in “theory of mind.” Using adult-level versions of these tasks, the present study investigated if parents of children with Asperger Syndrome might show a mild variant of these anomalies, as might be predicted from a genetic hypothesis. Significant differences were found on both measures. Parents were significantly faster than controls on the Embedded Figures Task and slightly but significantly less accurate at interpreting photographs of the eye region of the face in terms of mental states. The results are discussed in terms of the broader cognitive phenotype of Asperger Syndrome and in terms of their implications for cognitive neuroscientific theories of the condition.

THE GENETICS OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN MAN

1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy E. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Family Data ◽  
Complement Factor ◽  
Leukocyte Antigens ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Genetics Of Diabetes ◽  
Genetic Hypothesis

The genetics of diabetes mellitus in man has been reviewed. The evidence for genetic heterogeneity on clinical, biochemical and HLA (histocompatibility leukocyte antigens) data is presented. An attempt is made to interpret the meaning of the associations of the disease and certain HLA antigens and the complement factor, properdin in populations and in families. The population data can be best explained by the linkage disequilibrium hypothesis requiring tight linkage between the DS (diabetes susceptibility) locus and those in the MHC (major histocompatibility complex). Linkage between the DS locus and MHC from family data is estimated to be about 14%, which is not likely tight enough to be compatible with the population data; and a one locus or one allele hypothesis and genetic heterogeneity is postulated as the best explanation of the incompatibility between population and family data. It is still impossible to precisely define the exact genetic hypothesis for diabetes in man.

Does Incest Cause Homosexuality?

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Cameron ◽  
Kirk Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Sexual Experiences ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Evolutionary Genetic ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Male Homosexuals ◽  
Genetic Hypothesis

A random sample of 5,182 adults from 6 U.S. metropolitan areas were questioned about incestuous sexual relationships during childhood. Incest was disproportionately reported by both male and female bisexuals and homosexuals. 148 gays (7.7% of the sample) reported 14 (50%) of same-sex, and 7 (22%) of opposite-sex incestuous experiences, and 20 (69%) of same-sex and 2 (3%) of opposite-sex sexual experiences with other relatives. 88 lesbians (3% of the sample) reported 2 (33%) of same-sex incest and 7 (9%) of opposite-sex incest and 1 (17%) of same-sex and 10 (13%) of opposite-sex sexual experiences with other relatives. 12% of 98 male homosexuals vs 0.8% of 1,224 male heterosexuals with a brother reported brother-brother incest. These findings are consonant with those of other studies in which disproportionately more incest by homosexuals was reported. As opposed to an evolutionary genetic hypothesis, these data support the alternative that homosexuality may be learned, since homosexuals do not produce children at sustainable levels and the incidence of homosexuality varies as a function of various social factors. Incest cannot be excluded as a significant basis for homosexuality.

scholarly journals Support for the genetic hypothesis of the Black-white achievement gap using polygenic scores and tests for divergent selection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Piffer
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Race Differences ◽  
Divergent Evolution ◽  
Math Ability ◽  
Gwas Snps ◽  
Polygenic Scores ◽  
Polygenic Selection ◽  
Genetic Hypothesis

Using the latest methods to detect divergent evolution and polygenic selection, I test the hypothesis that race differences (European-African) in IQ are due to genetic differences.The genetic variants identified by the largest GWAS of education showed clear signatures of differentiation between Africans and Europeans. Across different phenotypes (educational attainment, cognitive performance, math ability), GWAS SNPs had significantly higher average Fst than control SNPs. Contrary to a previous report, the same effect was found also for a GWAS based on a within-family design, that used differences in educational attainment between siblings to partial out shared environmental effects. Polygenic scores for all phenotypes and GWAS types (including within-family design) were higher for Europeans than for Africans.

scholarly journals Genetic effect on apgar score

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Franchi-Pinto ◽  
Glória Maria Duccini Dal Colletto ◽  
Henrique Krieger ◽  
Bernardo Beiguelman
Keyword(s):  
Apgar Score ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Apgar Scores ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Genetic Hypothesis

Intraclass correlation coefficients for one- and five-min Apgar scores of 604 twin pairs born at a southeastern Brazilian hospital were calculated, after adjusting these scores for gestational age and sex. The data support a genetic hypothesis only for 1-min Apgar score, probably because it is less affected by the environment than 4 min later, after the newborns have been under the care of a neonatology team. First-born twins exhibited, on average, better clinical conditions than second-born twins. The former showed a significantly lower proportion of Apgar scores under seven than second-born twins, both at 1 min (17.5% vs. 29.8%) and at 5 min (7.2% vs. 11.9%). The proportion of children born with "good" Apgar scores was significantly smaller among twins than among 1,522 singletons born at the same hospital. Among the latter, 1- and 5-min Apgar scores under seven were exhibited by 9.2% and 3.4% newborns, respectively.

scholarly journals Allelism Found between Two Common Bean Genes, Hilum Ring Color (D) and Partly Colored Seedcoat Pattern (Z), formerly Assumed to Be Independent

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 649-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Bassett ◽  
Colleen Shearon ◽  
Phil McClean
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Gene Symbol ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
New Genotype ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Genetic Hypothesis

Inheritance of two phenotypes, the virgarcus pattern of partly colored seedcoats and the margo d seedcoat pattern, were studied in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) materials that segregated jointly for genes controlling the two phenotypes to test the hypothesis of allelism of two genes, D and Z. The F2 progeny from the cross j margo BC3 5-593 × t z virgarcus BC3 5-593 produced an unexpected phenotypic class, margo d, suggesting possible allelism of D and Z. The F2 also produced another unexpected phenotypic class, white seedcoat, for which the genetic hypothesis t j z was made. The F2 from the cross t j marginata BC3 5-593 × t z virgarcus BC3 5-593 provided supporting evidence for the new genotype, t j z, for a white seedcoat. Analysis of the F2 and F3 progenies of 80 random F2 plants from the cross t z virgarcus BC3 5-593 × d j (margo d) BC3 5-593 provided support for the hypothesis that the D and Z loci are allelic. Production of two different phenotypes (white vs. white with two tiny pale gray dots, one each at the raphe and micropyle) for t J/j z in two different genetic and cytoplasmic backgrounds is discussed. The F2 from the crosses d j (margo d) BC2 5-593 × j v margo BC2 5-593 and d j (margo d) BC3 5-593 × j margo BC3 5-593 segregated for d (vs. D) phenotypes, which were found not to be independent of a randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker (AM10560) associated (1.4 cM) with the Z locus. Because the Z gene symbol has priority, we propose to retain Z for the locus.

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