scholarly journals The impacts of architecture and decorative arts on health based on medical sources in the Muslim societies during the medieval era

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 861-891
Author(s):  
Jafar Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Decorative Arts ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Content Adaptation ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims to provide a historical overview of the impact of architecture and decorative arts on health and health preservation in Muslim societies during the medieval era. Based on primary medical sources, this article provides a historical interpretation of the theoretical origin of the ignored link between medicine and architecture (and decorative arts). Our findings indicate that some empirical results concerning the effects and aspects of built environments (architectural spaces) on health and treatment–both physical and mental– have been considered in the medical sources. Practical instructions of these sources introduced two theoretical achievements: 1) an introduction to the historical knowledge of environmental health and design of healthy places, and 2) a comparative analogy of the built environment and human nature (organism), which became a theoretical basis for the relationship between natural sciences, architecture, and the decorative arts in the middle ages. Considerations of the study show the extent to which architects and artisans, based on the teachings and instructions of physicians, dealt with the structural and content adaptation models of architecture and decorative arts to human organism and nature.

scholarly journals La historia de las personas: reflexiones desde la historiografía y de la didáctica de las ciencias sociales durante los últimos 25 años

Panta Rei ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-196
Author(s):  
Mariona Massip Sabater ◽  
Jordi Castellví Mata ◽  
Joan Pagès Blanch
Keyword(s):  
Great Majority ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
School History ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

En este artículo se revisa la evolución de la ciencia histórica y de la historia escolar a lo largo de los últimos 25 años. Esta revisión se centra en los avances en la investigación y la enseñanza de la historia de las personas; es decir, aquella que atiende a la totalidad de agentes sociales e históricos, que se articula a partir de la proyección global de la humanidad y que atiende a los problemas de las experiencias humanas. En primer lugar, se concreta el concepto de historia escolar y se explica la relación que se establece entre la historia escolar y la historiografía. En segundo lugar, se analiza la evolución de ambas a lo largo de estos 25 años. Finalmente, se plantean retos de futuro. Existe un desequilibrio entre la evolución del conocimiento histórico y el impacto que ha tenido en el currículo escolar. La historia escolar sigue centrada, de manera mayoritaria, en los procesos políticos nacionales, y reproduciendo saberes androcéntricos y eurocéntricos en los que se excluyen la gran mayoría de protagonistas. In this article the evolution of historical science and school history over the past 25 years is reviewed. This review focuses on advances in people's history; that is, a history in which all social and historical agents are recognised, and which is articulated from the global consideration of humanity and human experiences. In the first place, the meaning of school history is specified, along with the relationship between school history and historiography. Secondly, the evolution of both over these 25 years is analysed. Finally, we pose future challenges. There is an imbalance between the evolution of historical knowledge and the impact it has had on the school curriculum and educational practices. School history continues to reproduce androcentric and Eurocentric knowledge based on political processes in which the great majority of protagonists are excluded.

Nationalist historiography and the English and Gaelic worlds in the late middle ages

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (97) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Coverage ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Much more so than in modern times, sharp cultural and social differences distinguished the various peoples inhabiting the British Isles in the later middle ages. Not surprisingly these differences and the interaction between medieval forms of culture and society have attracted considerable attention by historians. By comparison with other fields of research, we know much about the impact of the Westminster government on the various regions of the English polity, about the interaction between highland and lowland Scotland and about the similarities and differences between English and Gaelic Ireland. Yet the historical coverage of these questions has been uneven, and what at first glance might appear obvious and promising lines of inquiry have been largely neglected — for example the relationship between Gaelic Ireland and Gaelic Scotland, or between Wales, the north of England and the lordship of Ireland as borderlands of the English polity. No doubt the nature and extent of the surviving evidence is an important factor in explaining this unevenness, but in fact studies of interaction between different cultures seem to reflect not so much their intrinsic importance for our understanding of different late medieval societies as their perceived significance for the future development of movements culminating in the present.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Netherlandish Landscape Tradition on Poetry and Painting in Early Modern England*

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 866-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Trevisan
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Complex Product ◽  
Problematic Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between poetry and painting has been one of the most debated issues in the history of criticism. The present article explores this problematic relationship in the context of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England, taking into account theories of rhetoric, visual perception, and art. It analyzes a rare case in which a specific school of painting directly inspired poetry: in particular, the ways in which the Netherlandish landscape tradition influenced natural descriptions in the poem Poly-Olbion (1612, 1622) by Michael Drayton (1563–1631). Drayton — under the influence of the artistic principles of landscape depiction as explained in Henry Peacham’s art manuals, as well as of direct observation of Dutch and Flemish landscape prints and paintings — successfully managed to render pictorial landscapes into poetry. Through practical examples, this essay will thoroughly demonstrate that rhetoric is capable of emulating pictorial styles in a way that presupposes specialized art-historical knowledge, and that pictorialism can be the complex product as much of poetry and rhetoric as of painting and art-theoretical vocabulary.

scholarly journals A tranzakciós költségek és a szabványosítás kapcsolata (Relationship between transaction costs and standardization)

2013 ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
István Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Transaction Cost Economics ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Coordination Mechanism ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Az elmúlt néhány évtizedben a szabványosítás terén igen komoly változások mentek végbe. Ugrásszerűen megnőtt a szabványok száma, és jelentősen átalakult a szabványosítás folyamata is. Ezzel párhuzamosan a téma gazdasági hatásaival foglalkozó kutatások száma is megsokszorozódott, ami elsősorban a hálózati externáliák irodalmának robbanásszerű gyarapodásának köszönhető. Jelen tanulmány – az elméletek fősodrától eltérően – a tranzakciós költségek elméletében (TKE) helyezi el a szabványosítást. A szabványok és a tranzakciós költségek kapcsolatáról már születtek korábban is tanulmányok, de ezek a szabványoknak a tranzakciós költségekre gyakorolt hatásaira fókuszáltak. A tanulmány ezzel szemben arra helyezi a hangsúlyt, hogy azonosítsa a tranzakciós költségeknek a szabványosításra gyakorolt hatásait. A kutatás célja, hogy olyan elméleti alapot adjon, amelyben a témakör átfogóan elemezhető. A fő kutatási kérdés az, hogy mitől függ az, hogy melyik mechanizmus kereteiben érdemes a szabványosítást lebonyolítani. ________ Significant changes have characterized the last few decades of standardization. The number of standards has dramatically increased and processes of standardization have also changed a lot. At the same time the amount of researches that are concerned with the economic impact of standardization has also multiplied due to the boom in the literature of network externalities. Unlike the mainstream, this paper places standardization in the theory of transaction cost economics. Although there are earlier papers that are concerned with the relationship between standards and transaction costs, these studies focus on the impact of standards on transaction costs. In contrast, this paper lays emphasis on the identification of the impact of transaction costs on standardization. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive analyses. The main research question: What determines which coordination mechanism is used to evolve a standard?

scholarly journals How Resource Scarcity and Accessibility Affect Patients’ Usage of Mobile Health in China: Resource Competition Perspective (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Ye ◽  
Zhaohua Deng ◽  
Yanyan Chen ◽  
Jiazhi Liao ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Medical Resources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

BACKGROUND The last decade has witnessed many achievements in China’s health care industry, but the industry still faces major challenges among which the uneven distribution of medical resources and the imbalance between supply and demand are the most pressing problems. Although mobile health (mHealth) services play a significant role in mitigating problems associated with health care delivery, their adoption rates have been low. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the impact of resource scarcity and resource accessibility on the adoption of mHealth from the perspective of resource competition, to examine the concerning factors, and to provide a theoretical basis for promoting mHealth in China. METHODS We used 229,516 original registration records of outpatients to conduct an empirical analysis to examine the adoption of mHealth services from the perspective of resource competition. RESULTS The adoption rate of mobile services for outpatients was low, accounting for only 31.5% (N=71,707). The empirical results indicated that resource scarcity (beta=.435, P=.01) and accessibility (beta=−.134, P=.02) have a significant impact on the adoption of mHealth. In addition, gender (beta=.073, P=.01) and age (beta=−.009, P<.001) are significantly related to adoption of mHealth. Experience with mHealth has a moderating role in the relationship between resource scarcity (beta=−.129, P=.02), accessibility (beta=.138, P=.04), and adoption of mHealth. CONCLUSIONS In this study we demonstrate that the external environment (resource scarcity and resource accessibility) has a significant impact on the adoption of mHealth. This study also demonstrates that experience with mHealth has a moderating role in the relationship between the elements of the external environment. Finally, we confirm that mHealth is a key factor in the delivery and allocation of medical resources and provide a theoretical basis for government agencies to develop policies on mHealth.

scholarly journals Constructing historical thinking and inclusive identities: Analysis of heritage education activities

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Câmara Pinto ◽  
Alex Ibáñez-Etxeberria
Keyword(s):  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Historical Understanding ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
School Students ◽  
Heritage Education ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper addresses the value of effective, significant heritage education pedagogic activities and tasks when teaching heritage topics in history and social science lessons. Heritage pedagogy needs to challenge students' preconceptions about their heritage and encourage learning about it: the investigation, interpretation and provenance of its sources and its significance. Our article is based on a research project in Portugal and Spain to evaluate the impact of heritage education pedagogy on students' historical understanding and their development of national identity. This paper's research involved secondary school students in northern Portugal. To assess their understanding of heritage, they completed a questionnaire at a heritage site with a focus on buildings, archaeological remains and museum artefacts that related to aspects of national history studied in schools. Analysis of their questionnaires revealed the relationship between students' interpretation of the heritage site's historical evidence and their historical consciousness. Although most students treated the heritage site buildings, remains and artefacts as sources of factual information about a fixed, given and largely unremembered past, several students questioned, hypothesized, and treated the sources as historically contextualized evidence that dovetailed with their existing historical knowledge. Contextualized interpretation is essential to historical understanding; accordingly, students studying heritage should be trained to analyse its historical sources in relation to their historicity. More generally, teaching about heritage should give students opportunities to challenge preconceptions they hold about it, and to learn how to deal with different, contrasting, difficult and controversial interpretations of heritage topics and sites in their historical contexts.

scholarly journals How Resource Scarcity and Accessibility Affect Patients’ Usage of Mobile Health in China: Resource Competition Perspective

10.2196/13491 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e13491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Ye ◽  
Zhaohua Deng ◽  
Yanyan Chen ◽  
Jiazhi Liao ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Medical Resources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Background The last decade has witnessed many achievements in China’s health care industry, but the industry still faces major challenges among which the uneven distribution of medical resources and the imbalance between supply and demand are the most pressing problems. Although mobile health (mHealth) services play a significant role in mitigating problems associated with health care delivery, their adoption rates have been low. Objective The objective of this study was to explore the impact of resource scarcity and resource accessibility on the adoption of mHealth from the perspective of resource competition, to examine the concerning factors, and to provide a theoretical basis for promoting mHealth in China. Methods We used 229,516 original registration records of outpatients to conduct an empirical analysis to examine the adoption of mHealth services from the perspective of resource competition. Results The adoption rate of mobile services for outpatients was low, accounting for only 31.5% (N=71,707). The empirical results indicated that resource scarcity (beta=.435, P=.01) and accessibility (beta=−.134, P=.02) have a significant impact on the adoption of mHealth. In addition, gender (beta=.073, P=.01) and age (beta=−.009, P<.001) are significantly related to adoption of mHealth. Experience with mHealth has a moderating role in the relationship between resource scarcity (beta=−.129, P=.02), accessibility (beta=.138, P=.04), and adoption of mHealth. Conclusions In this study we demonstrate that the external environment (resource scarcity and resource accessibility) has a significant impact on the adoption of mHealth. This study also demonstrates that experience with mHealth has a moderating role in the relationship between the elements of the external environment. Finally, we confirm that mHealth is a key factor in the delivery and allocation of medical resources and provide a theoretical basis for government agencies to develop policies on mHealth.

scholarly journals Between Religion and Economics: Towards a Shift of Paradigm in Early Modern Economic Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. p79
Author(s):  
Eleonora Belligni
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

At the beginning of the early modern age, philosophers, religious and political thinkers writing on economics had to deal with categories that were still based on the religious certainties of the medieval West, and with a paradigm built on Aristotelian dialectic between oikos (the family economy) and chrèmata (wealth). From this frame, articulated and innovative investigations on the contemporary economic world were born in the late Middle Ages of Europe: but up until the late seventeenth century, at least, the Aristotelian paradigm remained a rigid cage for most of the writers. Yet, both the impact of some theoretical work on the relationship between religion and economy, and some significant changing in European scenario started to break this cage. Evidence of a shifting of paradigm could be detected even in Counter-Reformation authors like the Italian Giovanni Botero.

Géographie Arabe et Géographie Latine au XIIe Siècle

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Gautier Dalché
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Medieval Latin ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Arab Origin ◽  
Latin Schools ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Abstract The influence of Arab geography upon the Latin tradition in the Middle Ages is difficult to assess due to several factors including the former’s definition, content, and origin, as well as the tangled historiography on the question of its influence. The purpose of this paper is not to provide a comprehensive study of this complex issue but rather to define the terms of the problem and to examine some concrete cases of contact between both geographical cultures during the twelfth century. The author first considers the impact of the introduction of Greek conceptions, transmitted through the Arabic Ṣūrat al-arḍ (The Picture of the Earth), upon medieval Latin cosmography. Special attention is devoted here to the influence of Greco-Arabic knowledge on contemporary Western Latin ideas about the habitability of the remotest parts of the earth. The author then deals with the relationship between both cultures in the field of descriptive geography and cartography. Unexpectedly, these different traditions can be shown to be largely isolated from one another, and the alleged Arab origin of some documents is, in most cases, dubious. The cause of the obvious lack of interest among Western Christians in Arab descriptive geography could lie in the general conditions of the Latin schools of the time, and perhaps also in the fact that Arabic writings and maps emphasize the domination of Islam over lands formerly under Christian rule.

scholarly journals Place-making and performance: The impact of walkable built environments on business performance in Phoenix and Boston

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Credit ◽  
Elizabeth Mack
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Sales Volume ◽  
Place Making ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the importance of place-making in economic development by evaluating the relationship between specific urban design features – based on Jacobs’ “four generators of diversity” and Ewing and Cervero’s “Five-D’s” – and business sales volume. Despite the increased recognition of the importance of walkable urbanism in recent years, relatively little research has assessed the potential economic development benefits of walkable places. While a few authors have assessed the impact of urban design on property values, this paper fills a gap by examining links between components of walkable built environments and individual business characteristics. This paper uses a Hierarchical Linear Modeling framework to explicitly look at the relationship between neighborhood built environment features at the Census tract level and the sales volume per employee of individual businesses in 2010. The cities of Phoenix and Boston are used as contrasting study sites in order to inspect how larger regional characteristics influence the built environment–performance link. The results indicate that specific features of walkable built environments are positively associated with business performance. However, the relationship between walkable built environments and business performance varies considerably depending on the type of business and city-level context being studied, indicating that significant nuance must be used when considering place-based economic interventions. Although no causal statements can be made about the built environment and business performance, the results of this paper indicate that (in some contexts) design-based place-making initiatives could be used to generate sustainable local economic development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document