scholarly journals Monitoring of particulate hazardous air pollutants and affecting factors in the largest industrial area in South Korea: The Sihwa-Banwol complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 908-923
Author(s):  
Kyung-Min Baek ◽  
Young-Kyo Seo ◽  
Jun-Young Kim ◽  
Sung-Ok Baek
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutants ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Industrial Complexes

Ambient air monitoring of particulate hazardous air pollutants was performed from 2005 to 2007 in the Sihwa-Banwol industrial complexes, which is the largest industrial area in Korea. The occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals, their spatial and seasonal distributions, and the factors affecting the variations in concentrations were investigated. The annual average concentration of benzo[a]pyrene was 1.27 ng/m<sup>3</sup>, with a maximum of 10.41 ng/m<sup>3</sup>. The PAH levels between the industrial and residential sites did not differ significantly, although heavy metals strongly related to industrial activities showed a clear variation between the two groups. Thus, industrial activities were not the only sources of PAHs; they also included automobile emissions and residential heating fuels. Coal-fired power plants outside the city and transboundary contributions from China and North Korea also affected the PAH levels in the area. Although ambient levels of heavy metals had no specific seasonal pattern, PAH levels showed distinct seasonal variations, with the highest level in winter. Factors affecting the PAH concentrations were vehicle exhaust, domestic heating, industrial activities, incineration within the area, and fuel combustion outside the area. The Sihwa-Banwol industrial complexes can be regarded as a hot-spot of PAH pollution in the Seoul metropolitan area.

Removing NOx Pollution by Photocatalytic Building Materials in Real-Life: Evaluation of Existing Field Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pernille D. Pedersen ◽  
Nina Lock ◽  
Henrik Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutants

: The NOx gasses (NO and NO2) are among the most important air pollutants, due to the toxicity of NO2, as well as the role of NOx in the tropospheric oxidation of Volatile Organic Carbons (VOCs), contributing to the formation of other hazardous air pollutants. Air pollution is one of the biggest health threats world-wide, hence reducing NOx levels is an important objective of the UN sustainable development goals, e.g. #3, “Good health and well-being” and #11 “Sustainable cities and communities”. Photocatalysis using TiO2 and light is a promising technique for removing NOx along with other pollutants, as demonstrated on laboratory scale. Furthermore, a long range of real-life test studies of varying scales have been conducted during the past two decades. The results of these studies have been conflicting, with some studies reporting no effect on the ambient air quality and others reporting significant reductions of NOx level. However, the studies are very difficult to compare and assess due to the very different approaches used, which consequently vary in quality. In this review, we aim to develop a set of objective evaluation criteria to assess the quality of the individual studies in order to simplify the interpretation and comparison of the existing studies. Moreover, we propose some guidelines for future test-studies. Furthermore, the approaches and main conclusions from 23 studies are independently assessed and discussed herein.

scholarly journals Distribution and sources of bioaccumulative air pollutants at Mezquital Valley, Mexico, as reflected by the atmospheric plant <i>Tillandsia recurvata</i> L.

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 6479-6494 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zambrano García ◽  
C. Medina Coyotzin ◽  
A. Rojas Amaro ◽  
D. López Veneroni ◽  
L. Chang Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Crustal Rocks ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Rural Sites ◽  
Mean Concentration

Abstract. Mezquital Valley (MV), a Mexican wastewater-based agricultural and industrial region, is a "hot spot" of regulated air pollutants emissions, but the concurrent unregulated ones, like hazardous metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), remain undocumented. A biomonitoring survey with the epiphytic Tillandsia recurvata was conducted there to detect spatial patterns and potential sources of 20 airborne elements and 15 PAH. The natural δ13C and δ15N ratios of this plant helped in source identification. The regional mean concentration of most elements was two (Cr) to over 40 times (Ni, Pb, V) higher than reported for Tillandsia in other countries. Eleven elements, pyrene and chrysene had 18–214% higher mean concentration at the industrial south than at the agricultural north of MV. The total quantified PAH (mean, 572 ng g−1; range, 143–2568) were composed by medium (65%, phenanthrene to chrysene), low (28%, naphthalene to fluorene) and high molecular weight compounds (7%, Benzo(b)fluoranthene to indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene). The δ13C (mean, −14.6‰; range, −15.7‰ to −13.7‰) was consistently lower than −15‰ near the major petroleum combustion sources. The δ15N (mean, −3.0‰; range, −9.9‰ to 3.3‰) varied from positive at agriculture/industrial areas to negative at rural sites. Factor analysis provided a five-factor solution for 74% of the data variance: 1) crustal rocks, 39.5% (Al, Ba, Cu, Fe, Sr, Ti); 2) soils, 11.3%, contrasting contributions from natural (Mg, Mn, Zn) and saline agriculture soils (Na); 3) cement production and fossil fuel combustion, 9.8% (Ca, Ni, V, chrysene, pyrene); 4) probable agricultural biomass burning, 8.1% (K and benzo(g,h,i)perylene), and 5) agriculture with wastewater, 5.2% (δ15N and P). These results indicated high deposition of bioaccumulative air pollutants at MV, especially at the industrial area. Since T. recurvata reflected the regional differences in exposition, it is recommended as a biomonitor for comparisons within and among countries where it is distributed: southern USA to Argentina.

Using the Aerodyne Mobile Laboratory to characterize industrial emissions in Southern California

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conner Daube ◽  
Christoph Dyroff ◽  
Edward Fortner ◽  
Jordan Krechmer ◽  
Francesca Majluf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutants ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Regional Trends

&lt;p&gt;During late 2019, the Aerodyne Mobile Laboratory sampled numerous industrial areas primarily in the County of Los Angeles, California, USA. Commercial and laboratory-grade instruments were used to analyze the gaseous and particulate composition of ambient air samples while operating in mobile and stationary modes. Measurements of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;, and N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O were collected in addition to several specific hazardous air pollutants. Short-lived plumes from a wide variety of industries and broader regional trends were observed. Multi-day measurements at identified sources and overnight sampling added depth and context to these findings. Results from this characterization of industrial emission sources, including analysis of both greenhouse gases and pollutants in the urban environment, will be presented.&lt;/p&gt;

Hazardous air pollutants emission from coal and oil-fired power plants

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Pudasainee ◽  
Jeong-Hun Kim ◽  
Sang-Hyeob Lee ◽  
Ju-Myon Park ◽  
Ha-Na Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutants ◽  
Pollutants Emission

Hazardous air pollutants in industrial area of Mumbai – India

Chemosphere ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Srivastava ◽  
Dipanjali Som
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutants

scholarly journals Distribution and sources of bioaccumulative air pollutants at Mezquital Valley, Mexico, as reflected by the atmospheric plant <i>Tillandsia recurvata</i> L.

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5809-5852 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zambrano García ◽  
C. Medina Coyotzin ◽  
A. Rojas Amaro ◽  
D. López Veneroni ◽  
L. Chang Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Crustal Rocks ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Rural Sites ◽  
Mean Concentration

Abstract. Mezquital Valley (MV), a Mexican wastewater-based agricultural and industrial region, is a ''hot spot'' of regulated air pollutants emissions, but the concurrent unregulated ones, like hazardous metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), remain undocumented. A biomonitoring survey with the epiphytic Tillandsia recurvata was conducted there to detect spatial patterns and potential sources of 20 airborne elements and 15 PAH. The natural δ13C and δ15N ratios of this plant helped in source identification. The regional mean concentrations of most elements was two (Cr) to over 40 times (Ni, Pb, V) higher than reported for Tillandsia in other countries. Eleven elements, pyrene and chrysene had 18–214% higher mean concentration at the industrial south than at the agricultural north of MV. The total quantified PAH (mean, 572 ng g−1; range, 142.6–2568) were composed by medium (65%, phenanthrene to chrysene), low (28%, naphthalene to fluorene) and high molecular weight compounds (7%, Benzo(b)fluoranthene to indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene). The δ13C (mean, −14.6‰; range, −5.7 to −13.7‰) was lower (<−15‰) near the major petroleum combustion sources. The δ15N (mean, −3.0‰; range, −9.9 to 3.3‰) varied from positive at agriculture/industrial areas to negative at rural sites. Factor analysis provided a five-factor solution for 74% of the data variance: (1) crustal rocks, 39.5% (Al, Ba, Cu, Fe, Sr, Ti); (2) soils, 11.3%, contrasting contributions from natural (Mg, Mn, Zn) and saline agriculture soils (Na); (3) cement production and fossil fuel combustion, 9.8% (Ca, Ni, V, chrysene, pyrene); (4) probable agricultural biomass burning, 8.1% (K and benzo(g,h,i)perylene), and (5) agriculture with wastewater, 5.2% (δ15N and P). These results indicated high deposition of bioaccumulative air pollutants at MV, especially at the industrial area. Since T. recurvata reflected the regional differences in exposition, it is recommended as a biomonitor for comparisons within and among countries where it is distributed: southern USA to Argentina.

scholarly journals A review on the effect of air pollution and exposure to PM, NO2 , O3 , SO2 , CO and heavy metals on viral respiratory infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasaman Khajeamiri ◽  
Samira Sharifi ◽  
Nioosha Moradpour ◽  
Alireza Khajeamiri
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Ambient Air Pollutants ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

The ambient air pollutants that have a major role in causing respiratory diseases are particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, and heavy metals. In addition, respiratory infections, divided into upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract infection, are most commonly caused by viral agents. Thus, in light of the current COVID-19 pandemic, this review has focused on the association between exposure to general air pollution including each of the mentioned air pollutants and viral respiratory infections. The gathered evidence from the reviewed studies in this article showed that most of these air pollutants have a positive correlation with mortality, severity, transmission, inflammation, and incidence of different viral respiratory infections. Whereas, some studies found contradictory results such as non-significant and negative connections between exposure to air pollutants and viral respiratory infections, which are further discussed in this text. Therefore, following the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, these contradictions in the reported correlation between air pollution and different aspects of viral respiratory infections must be thoroughly investigated and cleared.

Application of Health Information To Hazardous Air Pollutants Modeled in Epa's Cumulative Exposure Project

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane C. Caldwell ◽  
Tracey J. Woodruff ◽  
Rachel Morello-Frosch ◽  
Daniel A. Axelrad
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutants ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Air Concentrations

Relatively little is known about the spectrum of health effects, and the scope and level of ambient air concentrations of those pollutants regulated under the Clean Air Act as "hazardous air pollutants. " The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Cumulative Exposure Project uses currently available emissions inventories, from a variety of source types, and an atmospheric dispersion model to provide estimates of ambient concentrations for 148 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) in over 60,000 census tracts for the year 1990. This paper uses currently available hazard information for those pollutants and provides a database of potential regulatory threshold concentrations of concern, or "benchmark concentrations, " and a methodology for prioritizing and characterizing the quality of the data. In order to demonstrate application of the database and prioritization scheme to outputs from the Cumulative Exposure Project, comparisons were made with the maximum modeled concentration of each individual hazardous air pollutant across the census tracts. Of the 197 benchmark concentrations for cancer and non-cancer (long- and short-term exposures) effects compiled for the study, approximately one half were exceeded with a predominance of exceedance of cancer benchmarks. While the number of benchmark concentrations available to fully characterize potential health effects of these pollutants was limited (approximately 80 percent of HAPs identified as cancer concerns had benchmark concentrations for cancer and 50 percent of all HAPs had non-cancer benchmark concentrations) and there was greater uncertainty in derivation of maximum modeled air concentrations than other levels, the comparison between the two was a useful approach for providing an indication of public health concern from hazardous air pollutants.

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