Appearance of phenotypic plasticity of leaves in psammophyte Corynephorus canescens during flooding

The results of the study of the leaf structure in psammophyte Corynephorus canescens, which grew under controlled conditions and flooding using the methods of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and laser confocal microscopy, are presented. This study revealed common and distinctive signs of morphological and anatomical parameters of C. canescens leaves in the phase of vegetative growth. Among the common features were the shape and size of the leaf laminas, hypostomatic type of the leaf, isolateral structure of the parenchyma, the thick-walled epidermis, and the bilayered hypodermis. Among the distinctive features were the signs of the destruction of cells in the photosynthetic parenchyma, change in their shape with the formation of protuberances at the cells’ poles, and almost doubling area of the aerenchyma in C. canescens leaves under flooding conditions. Scanning electron microscopy showed the similarity of ultrastructure and density of trichomes on the adaxial surface, excepting the formation of cuticular wax structures on the epidermal surface of the leaves in flooded plants. The subcellular localization of silicon inclusions was studied for the first time. The presence of amorphous and small crystalline silicon inclusions in the periclinal walls of the main epidermal cells and amorphous silicon inclusions in leaf trichomes was established. An increase in the relative silicon content along the trichomes in the leaves’ epidermis after flooding was revealed. It was assumed that the phenotypic plasticity of C. canescens, is realized through the increasing area of aerenchyma in leaves and increasing silicon content in trichomes. Such plasticity helps to optimize both the oxygen balance of plants and water balance in flooded plants, thus increasing the species’ resistance to prolonged flooding.

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Studies on the achene morphology of Turkish species of Scorzonera L. (Asteraceae) using light and scanning electron microscopy

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.247.1.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 247 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kamil Coşkunçelebi ◽

Serdar Makbul ◽

Seda Okur

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Cell Surface ◽

Epidermal Cell ◽

Epidermal Cells ◽

Surface Pattern ◽

Epidermal Surface ◽

Surface Patterns ◽

Periclinal Walls ◽

Scanning Electron

Macro- and micromorphological features of achenes belonging to 59 taxa from Turkey were observed via light and scanning electron microscopy. The findings agree with the traditional subdivision of Scorzonera into S. subg. Scorzonera, S. subg. Podospermum and S. subg. Pseudopodospermum. Members of S. subg. Podospermum were distinguished by achenes with a distinct carpopodium and horizontally striped epidermal cell surface; members of S. subg. Pseudopodospermum were distinguished by achenes with a conspicuous carpopodium and often ruminate and sometimes rugose-granulate or smooth epidermal surface, and members of Scorzonera s.str were distinguished by achenes without a carpopodium and with various combinations of surface patterns. The results also showed that the length, pubescence and surface pattern of achenes, as well as the carpopodium and anticlinal and periclinal walls of the epidermal cells are valuable for delimiting the examined species within the genus.

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Variation in the morphology of the dorsal and dorso-lateral tegument of male Schistosoma haematobium from southern Africa

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x00012372 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 323-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F. J. Kruger ◽

C. T. Wolmarans

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Phenotypic Plasticity ◽

Southern Africa ◽

Schistosoma Haematobium ◽

Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTThe teguments of Schistosoma haematobium males from three localities in the Eastern Transvaal and one in the eastern Caprivi were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. Eastern Transvaal S. haematobium, which occurs sympatrically with S. mattheei, a bovine schistosome also infecting man and which hybridizes with S. haematobium, exhibited certain S. mattheei characteristics. The occurrence of these characteristics were neither related to the prevalence of human S. mattheei infections nor could they be attributed exclusively to phenotypic plasticity. The variation therefore may be geographical and possibly related to the phylogeny of the two species.

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Molecular phylogeny and morphologic data of strains of the genus Coelastrella (Chlorophyta, Scenedesmaceae) from a tropical region in North America (Yucatan Peninsula)

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.1201 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 527 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Katia Ancona-Canché ◽

Silvia López-Adrián ◽

Margarita Espinosa-Aguilar ◽

Gloria Garduño-Solórzano ◽

Tanit Toledano-Thompson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Phenotypic Plasticity ◽

North America ◽

Yucatan Peninsula ◽

Tropical Region ◽

Its2 Rdna ◽

Yucatán Peninsula ◽

Good Support ◽

Scanning Electron

Background: Scenedesmaceae family exhibits great morphological variability. High phenotypic plasticity and the presence of cryptic species have resulted in taxonomic re-assignments of Scenedesmaceae members.Study strains: Strains CORE-1, CORE-2 and CORE-3 were characterized.Study site: Yucatan PeninsulaMethods: Morphological analyses were executed by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Phylogenetic relationships were examined by ITS-2 and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA regions.Results: Optical and scanning electron microscopy analyses indicated spherical to ellipsoidal cells and autospore formation correspond to members of the family Scenedesmaceae, as well as observable pyrenoid starch plates. Detailed morphology analysis indicated that CORE-1 had visible granulations dispersed on the cell wall, suggesting identity with Verrucodesmus verrucosus. However CORE-1 did not show genetic relations with this species, and was instead clustered close to the genus Coelastrella. CORE-2 did not show any particular structure or ornamentation, but it did show genetic relations with Coelastrella with good support. CORE-3 showed meridional ribs from end to end, one of them forked and well pronounced, and orange cells in older cultures characteristic of Coelastrella specimens. Phylogenetic trees of ITS-2 and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequences indicated with good support that all strains were related to the genus Coelastrella despite their morphologic differences.Conclusions: This study reports freshwater Coelastrella strains from a tropical region in North America (Yucatan Peninsula) for the first time. The results contribute to knowledge of Coelastrella species, and the fact that they do not always show structures that are useful for taxonomic assignment, probably as a result of phenotypic plasticity.

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Micromorphological Characteristics of Fruit Surfaces of Some Usable Species of the Genus Valeriana (Valerianaceae) Among Ukrainian Flora

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.7414 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 ◽

Author(s):

Olga Tsarenko ◽

Galina Shikhaleyeva ◽

Valentyna Minarchenko ◽

Iryna Tymchenko ◽

Olena Bulakh

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Surface Shape ◽

Valeriana Officinalis ◽

Adaxial Side ◽

Stomatal Complex ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Periclinal Walls ◽

Fruit Surface ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract The micromorphological features of the fruit surfaces of nine species of Ukrainian flora, namely Valeriana tuberosa L., Valeriana tripteris L., Valeriana rossica P. Smirn., Valeriana stolonifera Czern., Valeriana grossheimii Worosch, Valeriana sambucifolia Mikan fil., Valeriana officinalis L. s. str., Valeriana wolgensis Kazak. [ Valeriana officinalis var. nitida (Kreyer) Rostanski], and Valeriana simplicifolia (Rchb.) Kabath, were examined. Depending on the presence and localization of pubescence on the surface of the fruit, three groups of species were distinguished: those with glabrous fruits, those with fruits pubescent only on the adaxial side, and those with fruits pubescent on both sides. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the additional characteristics of the fruits (microsculpture of the fruit surface, shape of cuticular formations on the surface of the outer periclinal walls of epidermal cells and on the surface of hairs, and structure of the stomatal complex), which were useful for the identification of the species. At the supraspecific level, the revealed features of the fruit surfaces somewhat overlapped and could be used to identify series and sections only as additional features. Based on the studied samples from herbarium material (KW), V. officinalis var. nitida was considered synonymous with V. wolgensis since there were no micromorphological differences between their fruits. The detailed micromorphological characteristics of the fruit surfaces of all the studied species can be used for further comparative morphological investigations of different aerial parts to identify stable features independent of geographic and ecological conditions.

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Localisation of furanocoumarins in the tissues and on the surface of shoots of Heracleum sosnowskyi

Botany ◽

10.1139/cjb-2017-0043 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (11) ◽

pp. 1057-1070 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽

Mirosława Chwil

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Invasive Plant ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Leaf Petiole ◽

Native Flora ◽

Heracleum Sosnowskyi ◽

Epidermal Surface ◽

Light Fluorescence ◽

Scanning Electron

Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. was introduced in Poland as a fodder plant. Currently, it is regarded as an invasive plant posing a health hazard to humans and animals and a threat to native flora. The aim of the study was to localise furanocoumarins in the stem and leaf tissues. The investigations were carried out using light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy as well as histochemical assays. The epidermis of the analysed organs bears live, non-capitate hairs with variable length, which contain lipids, essential oils, polysaccharides, tannins, and furanocoumarins. The observations performed with scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of a foamy substance and furanocoumarin crystals on the surface of the trichomes and other epidermal cells, as well as in the parenchyma cells. Characteristic furanocoumarin autofluorescence was present in the epidermis and on its surface, as well as in the subepidermal parenchyma. Secondary fluorescence was emitted by furanocoumarins in different leaf petiole tissues: psoralen, bergapten, and xanthotoxin. We have detected for the first time the presence of furanocoumarins in different tissues of leaves in H. sosnowskyi. Furanocoumarins were also abundantly present on the epidermal surface of cells. This explains why the contact with the plant is dangerous to humans and results in development of photodermatoses.

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Phenotypic plasticity of wall ultrastructure in the green alga Pediastrum s.l. (Chlorophyta, Sphaeropleales)

Polish Botanical Journal ◽

10.1515/pbj-2016-0005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 73-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Joanna Lenarczyk ◽

Konrad Wołowski

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Phenotypic Plasticity ◽

Green Alga ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Diagnostic Character ◽

Sem Micrographs ◽

Wall Ultrastructure ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract This study examined wall ultrastructure variability in the microscopic green alga Pediastrum s.l. Its value as a diagnostic character is discussed. Field and cultured material of 21 taxa were compared using light and scanning electron microscopy. Nine ultrastructural elements occurring on the surface of Pediastrum are documented with LM and SEM micrographs. The highest number of taxa showed reticulate ornamentation composed of a trigonal mesh and granules situated on its corners. The paper considers the use of wall ultrastructure to reconcile traditional and modern taxonomical systems with regard to Pediastrum varieties, and addresses the phylogenetic relationships between strains representing different varieties.

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Morpho-anatomical adaptations of Potamogeton polygonus (Potamogetonaceae) to lotic and lentic environments

Rodriguésia ◽

10.1590/s2175-78602011000400018 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 927-936 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Makeli Garibotti Lusa ◽

Maria Regina Torres Boeger ◽

Maria Cecília de Chiara Moço ◽

Cleusa Bona

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Phenotypic Plasticity ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Aquatic Macrophytes ◽

Anatomical Structure ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Anatomical Adaptations ◽

Stems And Leaves ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract Aquatic macrophytes show great phenotypic plasticity and are able to occupy environments with different physicochemical conditions. The present study aimed to characterize morphology and anatomical structure of the pondweed, Potamogeton polygonus Cham. & Schltdl., and to identify adaptive modifications of the plant in lotic and lentic environments. Sampling was carried out in Palmas and General Carneiro, Paraná state, southern Brazil. Ten individuals from each locality were collected. Morpho-anatomical characteristics of the roots, stems and leaves were measured. The anatomical structure was analyzed with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Significant morphological and anatomical adaptive differences were observed between plants of the two environments.

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The structure of the rhizosphere of maize seedling roots, a cryogenic scanning electron microscopy study

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b88-330 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 66 (12) ◽

pp. 2431-2435 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. Fyson ◽

P. Kerr ◽

J. N. A. Lott ◽

A. Oaks

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Spatial Organization ◽

Soil Aggregates ◽

Primary Root ◽

Root Hairs ◽

Microscopy Study ◽

Entire Length ◽

Epidermal Surface ◽

Scanning Electron

The surface of primary roots of maize (Zea mays cv. W64A × 182E) seedlings grown in a field soil was examined after cryogenic preparation of samples for scanning electron microscopy. The very short preparation time of this method and the absence of fixation and drying procedures give excellent preservation of the spatial organization of the rhizosphere. As root hairs develop, they carry soil clear of the epidermal surface to form a distinct soil sheath layer. Root hairs remain turgid along the entire length of the primary root of the seedlings studied and are often distorted as a result of their growth around obstructing soil aggregates. The epidermal surface remains remarkably clean along the entire length of the root. Fractures of frozen roots reveal that the epidermis is covered by a thin layer that may be mucilage. Very few microorganisms are observed on the epidermal surface.

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Taxonomic Significance of Seed Morphology in Veronica L. (Plantaginaceae) Species from Central Europe

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants11010088 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 88

Author(s):

Małgorzata Mazur ◽

Katarzyna Marcysiak ◽

Agnieszka Dunajska ◽

Magdalena Gawlak ◽

Tomasz Kałuski

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Seed Morphology ◽

Seed Shape ◽

Periclinal Walls ◽

Species Specific ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Microscopy Images ◽

Scanning Electron

In this study, 1159 seeds of 29 Central European species of the genus Veronica were analyzed based on scanning electron microscopy images. The species belonged to nine subgenera: Beccabunga, Chamaedrys, Cochlidiosperma, Pellidosperma, Pentasepalae, Pocilla, Pseudolysimachium, Stenocarpon and Veronica, following the newest phylogenetic classification of the genus. Nine measured characteristics of seeds and nine ratios were analyzed statistically using ANOVA followed by post hoc testing, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis. In most cases, the results were not congruent with the contemporary classification of the genus. Examinations of qualitative seed features by scanning electron microscopy included the cochlidiospermous or discoid seed type, the seed shape, the general sculpture of the seed coat surface, the sculpture of anticlinal and periclinal walls and some species-specific traits such as the presence of the epidermal appendix. All these features, apart from seed shape, were useful to distinguish all subgenera and some species within subgenera: Beccabunga, Chamaedrys, Pellidosperma, Pocilla (only V. filiformis) and Veronica. The identification key based on the seed micromorphological features was prepared.

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Pathogenesis of Human Hair Defects

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010005007x ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 12-13

Author(s):

P.S. Porter ◽

T. Aoyagi ◽

R. Matta

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Human Hair ◽

Standard Techniques ◽

Scanning Electron

Using standard techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), over 1000 human hair defects have been studied. In several of the defects, the pathogenesis of the abnormality has been clarified using these techniques. It is the purpose of this paper to present several distinct morphologic abnormalities of hair and to discuss their pathogenesis as elucidated through techniques of scanning electron microscopy.

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